Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of low liver regeneration in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) after portal vein embolization (PVE).Method:Clinical data of 62 patients with HCCA undergoing PVE at Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University) from January 2019 to March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed, including 33 males and 29 females, aged (59.1±10.3) years. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median regeneration rate of remnant liver volume (28.6%) three weeks after PVE: low regeneration ( n=31, <28.6%) and high regeneration group ( n=31, ≥28.6%). The proportion of lymph node metastasis, history of alcohol consumption, liver fibrosis, biliary tract infection, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were compared between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to indentify the influencing factors of low liver regeneration in patients with HCCA after PVE surgery. Results:The proportion of lymph node metastasis, history of alcohol consumption, liver fibrosis, biliary tract infection, ALP, and level of TNF-α were higher in the low regeneration group than those in the high regeneration group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with regional lymph node metastasis ( OR=2.561, 95% CI: 1.265-5.185), history of alcohol consumption ( OR=2.616, 95% CI: 1.321-5.181), liver fibrosis ( OR=2.351, 95% CI: 1.265-4.369), biliary tract infection ( OR=2.461, 95% CI: 1.226-4.940), elevated level of ALP ( OR=2.687, 95% CI: 1.351-5.344), and elevated level of TNF-α ( OR=2.781, 95% CI: 1.452-5.326) had an increased risk of low liver regeneration after PVE (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Regional lymph node metastasis, history of alcohol consumption, liver fibrosis, biliary tract infection, and elevated ALP and TNF-α are risk factors for low liver regeneration in patients with HCCA after PVE surgery, which should be noted in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the expression of FBXW12 in pancreatic cancer and elucidate its impact on cancer cell migration and invasion.Methods The present study utilized the GEPIA 2 database to analyze the differential expression of FBXW12 between pancreatic cancer tissues and normal tissues.Clinical data from 31 pancreatic cancer patients who underwent radical resection at Linyi People's Hospital from June 2016 to December 2022 were collected.Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to assess FBXW12 expression in both cancerous and adjacent normal tissues obtained during surgery,with subsequent follow-up for survival prognosis.Western blot and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques were employed to determine FBXW12 protein expression levels in pancreatic cancer cell lines.The impact of FBXW12 on cancer cell invasion and migration was evaluated using Transwell cell invasion and scratch test.Results The results from the analysis of the GEPIA 2 database revealed a significant downregulation of FBXW12 mRNA expression in pancreatic cancer tissues compared to normal pancreatic tissues(P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a positive expression rate of FBXW12 protein in pancreatic cancer tissues at 75.19％(23/31),whereas adjacent normal tissues exhibited a higher positive expression rate at 93.55％(29/31),indicating a statistically significant difference in FBXW12 expression between pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissues(P＜0.05).Additionally,the expression level of FBXW12 in pancreatic cancer tissues was found to be closely associated with lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05),patients with low expression of FBXW12 have a worse prognosis(P＜0.05).Furthermore,transfection with FBXW12 overexpression plasmid resulted in a significant decrease in the invasion and migration abilities of pancreatic cancer cells.Conclusion FBXW12 is low expressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and etiological distribution characteristics of plastic bronchitis in children, analyze its early warning indicators, and evaluate the clinical diagnosis and treatment effect of flexible bronchoscopy.Methods:The clinical data of 232 children with severe pneumonia admitted to Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The children were divided into the plastic bronchitis group and non-plastic bronchitis group according to bronchoscopic results.The gender, age, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, imaging features, bronchoscopy findings and treatment of the children were collected, compared and analyzed, comparison between two groups by t test and χ2 test. Results:A total of 232 children were included in this study, including 98 cases in the plastic bronchitis group and 134 cases in the non-plastic bronchitis group.The main symptoms of both groups were fever, cough and shortness of breath.The age of onset in the plastic bronchitis group was (54.640±37.085) months, and the age of onset in the non-plastic bronchitis group was (14.870±19.813) months.The difference in the age of onset between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=9.656, P<0.001). The average hospitalization days of the plastic and non-plastic bronchitis groups were (16.133±6.227) d and (12.690±4.287) d, respectively.Significant difference was found in the average hospitalization days between the two groups ( t=4.721, P<0.001). The average fever days of the plastic bronchitis group were (10.090±3.473) d, and the average fever days of the non-plastic bronchitis group were (6.030±4.850) d. There was significant difference in the average fever days between the two groups ( t=5.654, P<0.001). The age of onset, hospitalization days, and fever days of the plastic bronchitis group were larger than those of the non-plastic bronchitis group (all P<0.001). The physical examination suggested that 40% (39/98) of patients in the plastic bronchitis group had reduced the breath sounds, and this percentage was significantly higher than that in the non-plastic bronchitis group[6%(8/134)]. The plastic bronchitis group had lower partial pressure of blood oxygen (PO 2) and oxygen saturation (SO 2) levels than the non-plastic bronchitis group (all P<0.01). The plastic bronchitis group had a higher percentage of neutrophils (N), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, procalcitonin (PCT) level, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and D-dimer level than the non-plastic bronchitis group (all P<0.01). According to the imaging results, in the plastic bronchitis group, lung consolidation was found in 72 cases (73%, 72/98), atelectasis in 32 cases (33%, 32/98), and pleural effusion in 33 cases (34%, 33/98). In the non-plastic bronchitis group, 65%(87/134) cases had lung consolidation, 5%(7/134) cases had atelectasis, 3.7% (5/134) cases had pleural effusion.The first pathogen detected in 46.9% of the patients in the plastic bronchitis group was Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), and the percentage was significantly higher that in the non-plastic bronchitis group (11.1%). Flexible bronchoscopy was performed on both groups at their admission.The plastic bronchitis group received the flexible bronchoscopy check for (2.960±1.157) times on average, and the non-plastic bronchitis group was tested for (1.140±0.371) times on average.Of 98 children in the plastic bronchitis group, 95 cases were improved and discharged, 2 cases were transferred, and 1 case died.All 134 children in the non-plastic bronchitis group were improved and discharged. Conclusions:Preschool and school-age children, fever ≥10 d, PCT, CRP, LDH, D-dimer levels are early warning signs of plastic bronchitis clinically.MP is still the primary pathogen causing plastic bronchitis.Flexible bronchoscopy technique is a key measure for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of plastic bronchitis.

Objective To study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with lung cancer,and analyze the prevention strategies. Methods A total of 312 cases of lung cancer patients with infection treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were selected as the research objects.The lower respiratory tract secretions,urine and feces were collected for pathogen culture and drug sensitivity test;the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens were analyzed,and the corresponding prevention strategies were formulated. Results Of the 312 patients, 165 (52.88%) had respiratory tract infection, 79 (25.32%) had oropharyngeal infection, and 68 (21.80%) had urinary tract infection.The highest proportion was respiratory infection.Among the 312 patients,398 pathogens were detected of which 212 Gram-positive bacterias (53.27%)were found of which Staphylococcus epidermidis(15.58%)and Staphylococcus aureus(13.07%)accounted for a relatively high proportion. Among 175 Gram-negative strains,Klebsiella pneumoniae(15.94%)and E.coli (10.05% ) accounted for a large proportion.The resistance rate of Gram-positive bacteria,such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus,to amikacin,gentamicin and penicillin,was more than 50%,which was sensitive to vancomycin. Gram negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli have high resistance to common antibiotics,and the drug resistance rate to cefepime and cefazolin is more than 50%,and sensitive to imipenem/cilastatin and imipenem/cilastatin.Among 11 fungi,4 cases were resistant to fluconazole , 36.36%,3 to itraconazole,27.27%,0 to ketoconazole and voriconazole,0.00%. Conclusion The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients with lung cancer infection in our hospital have certain characteristics,in which Gram-positive bacteria are mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus,Gram-negative bacteria are mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,and there are also a small number of fungal infections.Therefore,we should strengthen the monitoring of etiology and drug resistance,and strengthen the management of hospital disinfection Drug sensitivity results of patients,rational use of antibiotics,so as to improve the treatment effect and reduce the risk of infection.

Objective:To report on 3 patients who presented with rupture of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after liver transplantation.Methods:From April 2010 to April 2019, 3 patients with hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm rupture after liver transplantation treated at the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital were studied. The possible causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Rupture of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm occurred on the19th, 28th and 63th days after transplantation. The 3 patients all presented with hematochezia and abdominal pain, while 2 patients presented with hematemesis. Two patients had bile leakage and abdominal infection. All the 3 patients presented with fever. Patient 1 who was diagnosed by laparotomy died of liver failure. Patient 2 underwent interventional embolization of hepatic artery and died of liver failure also. Patient 3 underwent surgical resection of the pseudoaneurysm followed by hepatic artery reconstruction, but died of repeat abdominal hemorrhage.Conclusion:Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm after liver transplantation has a long latent period and is difficult to diagnose at an early stage. Early detection of this life-threatening complication is the key to improve survival. Early treatment of biliary leakage, abdominal infection and other complications help to prevent development of pseudoaneurysms.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir (Nanjing Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) combined with ribavirin in patients with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Methods: Treatment-naïve or treatment experienced genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C patients from sixteen research centers of China were screened. All subjects received once-daily dose of sofosbuvir (400 mg) combined with ribavirin (body weight < 75 kg, 1 000 mg/day, 400 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening; body weight > 75 kg, 1 200 mg/d, 600 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening) for 12 weeks. Patients were followed-up for a period of 12 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The proportion of subjects with virologic response at different follow-up time points and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by maximum likelihood ratio and Clopper-Pearson interval. Results: 132 cases with genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C virus infection from sixteen research centers of China were included, 12 cases of whom were associated with cirrhosis, and the remaining 120 cases were not associated with cirrhosis. One hundred and thirty-one cases completed the study, and one patient lost to follow-up at week 4 after the end of treatment. The sustained virological response rate was 96.2% (95% confidence interval: 92.37% - 99.16%) after 12 weeks of drug withdrawal. Virological relapse occurred in four cases. Of the 132 subjects enrolled in the study, 119 (90.2%) reported 617 adverse events during treatment, of which 359 (76.5%) were TEAE related to sofosbuvir and/or ribavirin. There were nine TEAEs of grade 3 and above, and six cases (4.5%) of them had six severe adverse events. Only one serious adverse event was associated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin (unstable angina pectoris). There were no adverse events leading to drug discontinuation or death. Conclusion Sofosbuvir combined with ribavirin has a high SVR rate in the treatment of genotype 2 chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and most of the adverse events occurred were mild with acceptable safety profile.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of 100 mg or 200 mg yimitasvir phosphate combined with sofosbuvir in patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C virus ( HCV) genotype 1 infection who were treatment-na?ve or had a virologic failure to prior interferon-based treatment.Methods A multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial was conducted.The patients were randomly assigned to yimitasvir phosphate 100 mg+sofosbuvir 400 mg group (Group 100 mg) and yimitasvir phosphate 200 mg+sofosbuvir 400 mg group ( Group 200 mg) in a 1∶1 ratio with the stratified factors of " treatment-naive" or"treatment-experienced" for 12 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment.During the clinical trial, HCV RNA was tested in all patients.Resistance of virus in patients who didn′t achieved sustained virological response (SVR) was monitored.Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse events , physical examination , laboratory examination, electrocardiogram, and vital signs during the study.The primary end point was SVR12 after the end of therapy.Descriptive statistics were used for categorical variables and eight descriptive statistics were used for continuous variables.Descriptive statistics were used and summarized according to HCV genotypes and treatment groups.Safety data were presented using descriptive statistics and summarized according to treatment groups.Results A total of 174 subjects were screened from July 31, 2017 to September 26, 2018.One hundred and twenty-nine patients were successfully enrolled and received treatment , and 127 completed the study.There were 64 patients and 65 patients assigned to Group 100 mg and Group 200 mg, respectively.Among the 129 patients who underwent randomization and were treated , 18.6% were treatment-experienced and: 100%were HCV genotype 1b infection.The total SVR rate was 98.4%(127／129), with 98.4%(63／64, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 91.60%-99.96%) in the Group 100 mg, and 98.50%(64／65, 95%CI: 91.72%-99.96%) in the Group 200 mg.There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 ＝0.000 2, P＝0.989 2).The SVR rates in treatment-naive group and treatment-experienced group were 98.10%(95%CI: 93.29%-99.77%) and 100.00%(24／24, 95%CI: 85.75%-100.00%), respectively.Virological failure during treatment ( including breakthrough , rebound and poor efficacy) and relapse after treatment did not occur during the trial.By Sanger sequencing , 11.6%(15／129) patients had baseline NS5A Y93H／Y or Y93H resistance-associated substitutions ( RAS), 1.6%( 2／129) patients had baseline NS5A L31M RAS.No mutation was observed in NS5B S282 at baseline.There was no S282 mutation in HCV NS5B.A total of 100 (77.5%) subjects had adverse events.No adverse events ≥Grade 3 or severe adverse events related to the study treatment.No patient prematurely discontinued study treatment owing to an adverse event.No life-threatening adverse event was reported.Conclusion Twelve weeks of yimitasvir phosphate 100 mg or 200 mg combined with sofosbuvir 400 mg daily is a highly effective and safe regimen for patients without cirrhosis with HCV genotype 1b infection who had not been treated previously or had a virologic failure to prior interferon-based treatment.

Objective To evaluate the role of calcineurin ( CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 4 protein ( NFATc4) signaling pathway in inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats with ventilator-induced lung injury ( VILI) . Methods Twenty-four clean-grade healthy male Wistar rats, aged 5-8 weeks, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: control C (group C), VILI group and cyclosporine A plus VILI group (group CsA+VILI). The animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital and tracheostomized. The rats were mechanically ventilated for 6 h with the tidal volume set at 40 ml/kg and respiratory rate at 40 breaths/min to establish the model of VI-LI. The rats kept spontaneous breathing in group C. CaN specific inhibitor cyclosporine A 10 mg/kg was in-traperitoneally injected at 1 h before ventilation in group CsA+VILI. Rats were sacrificed immediately after ventilation, lung tissues were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate lung injury, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , inter-leukin-1beta ( IL-1β) and IL-6 concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the lungs were removed for determination of the wet to dry weight ratio ( W/D ratio) , expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 ( VCAM-1) ( by real-time polymerase chain reaction) , and expression of calcineurin and NFATc4 in lung tissues ( using Western blot ) . Results Compared with group C, the W/D ratio, lung injury scores and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF were significantly increased, and the expression of CaN, NFATc4, ICAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 mRNA was up-regulated in group VILI ( P＜0. 05) . Compared with group VILI, the W/D ratio, lung injury scores and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF were significantly decreased, and the expres-sion of CaN, NFATc4, ICAM-1 mRNA and VCAM-1 mRNA was down-regulated in group CsA+VILI ( P＜0. 05) . Conclusion CaN/NFATc4 signaling pathway mediates inflammatory responses in lung tissues of rats with VILI.

Accelerated forgetting has been identified as a feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the therapeutic efficacy of the manipulation of biological mechanisms of forgetting has not been assessed in AD animal models. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), a small GTPase, has been shown to regulate active forgetting in Drosophila and mice. Here, we showed that Rac1 activity is aberrantly elevated in the hippocampal tissues of AD patients and AD animal models. Moreover, amyloid-beta 42 could induce Rac1 activation in cultured cells. The elevation of Rac1 activity not only accelerated 6-hour spatial memory decay in 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice, but also significantly contributed to severe memory loss in aged APP/PS1 mice. A similar age-dependent Rac1 activity-based memory loss was also observed in an AD fly model. Moreover, inhibition of Rac1 activity could ameliorate cognitive defects and synaptic plasticity in AD animal models. Finally, two novel compounds, identified through behavioral screening of a randomly selected pool of brain permeable small molecules for their positive effect in rescuing memory loss in both fly and mouse models, were found to be capable of inhibiting Rac1 activity. Thus, multiple lines of evidence corroborate in supporting the idea that inhibition of Rac1 activity is effective for treating AD-related memory loss.