Neoadjuvant therapy has become the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer, significantly improving long-term survival compared to surgery alone. Neoadjuvant therapy has evolved to include various strategies, such as concurrent chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted combination therapy. This enriches clinical treatment options and provides a more personalized and scientific treatment approach for patients. This article aims to comprehensively summarize current academic research hot topics, review the rationale and evaluation measures of neoadjuvant therapy, discuss challenges in restaging methods after neoadjuvant therapy, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of various neoadjuvant therapeutic strategies.

Objective To understand the research status,hotspots and trends of Wuzhuyu Decoction;To provide reference for relevant research.Methods The literature related to Wuzhuyu Decoction was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM databases from the establishment to February 28,2023.NoteExpress 3.6 was used to merge and deduplicate,and the author,organization and keywords were mapped and interpreted by CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software.Results A total of 822 articles were included,and the number of publications showed a wave upward trend;the top journals were New Chinese Medicine,Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine and Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine;the main research institutions were Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;a total of 566 authors were involved,and the authors with more publications included Wang Zhimin(12),Gong Muxin(9)and Bi Kaishun(5);high-frequency keywords included"headache","Shang Han Lun","TCM therapy"and so on.Conclusion Wuzhuyu Decoction is effective in treating chronic gastritis,hypertension and other primary diseases,which is a research hotspot in this field.It is a research trend in this field to explore its active components by high performance liquid chromatography and explain its action mechanism and target at the molecular level.

Objective To understand the research status,hotspots and trends of animal medicinal materials;To provide reference for future research.Methods The literature related to animal medicinal materials was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data and CBM from January 1,2000 to April 30,2023.NoteExpress 3.6 was used to merge and deduplicate,and the author,institution and keywords were mapped and interpreted by CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software.Results A total of 1 169 articles were included,and the overall publication quantity in this field showed a stable fluctuation trend;the top journals were Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research,China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and Modern Chinese Medicine;the main research institutions were China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences;a total of 676 authors were involved,and the authors with more publications included Zhang Hui(22),Liu Rui(15),Lin Zhe and Ma Shuangcheng(14);high-frequency keywords included"identification","TCM resources","clinical application"and so on.Conclusion Resource survey of animal medicinal materials,standardized breeding of medicinal animals,development of alternatives to rare medicinal animal resources,and construction of quality standard system for animal medicinal materials are the research hotspots in this field.The basic research of pharmacodynamic substances of animal medicinal materials based on the integrated analysis strategies of proteomics,peptideomics and transcriptomics,and the revelation of the signaling pathways and targets of animal medicinal materials from the molecular biology level are the research trends in this field.

This study performed to determine whether OX40L overexpressed by recombinant rabies virus(LBNSE-OX40L)can enhance the innate immune response through activation of dendritic cells and thus activate early antibody production.Bone marrow dendritic cells(BMDCs)were extracted from the femur of Balb/c mice and cultured for 6 days,and the cultured BMDCs were infected with the parental virus LBNSE and the recombinant virus LBNSE-OX40L with the multiplicity of infections(MOI)=1.The effect of each virus on the maturation of BMDCs was analyzed by flow cytometry;ELISA was used to detect the expression of innate immunity-related cytokines such as interferon-α(IFN-α)and interleukin-12p40(IL-12p40)in the supernatants of the infected BMDCs.For in vivo study,Balb/c female mice were injected intramuscularly with 106 FFU of parental virus LBNSE and recombinant virus LBNSE-OX40L in both hind limbs,and the inguinal lymph nodes of mice were collected on day 6 after immunization,and the proportion of mature DCs was detected by flow cytometry.The serum was collected on day 6 after immunization,and the content of virus-neutralizing antibody(VNA)was detected by antiviral neutralizing antibody titration.Mouse serum was collected on day 6 after immunization,and virus neutralizing antibody content was measured by titration of antiviral neutralizing antibody,while IgG antibody in mouse serum was detected by ELISA.IgM antibody subclasses were detected by ELISA on days 2,4,and 6 after immunization.Compared with the parental virus LBNSE,the recombinant virus LBNSE-OX40L was able to activate more BMDCs in vitro and produce significantly higher levels of IFN-α and IL-12p40.Furthermore,the recombinant virus LBNSE-OX40L stimulated the maturation and differentiation of the DCs in vivo,which led to the rapid production of high levels of VNA and RABV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies.Taken together,LBNSE-OX40L activates dendritic cells to promote the body's innate immune response,and in turn enhances early antibody production,thus can be an early effective rabies vaccine candidate.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and practicality of the Jaundice color card (JCard) as a screening tool for neonatal jaundice.Methods:Following the standards for reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) statement, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 hospitals in China from October 2019 to September 2021. A total of 845 newborns who were admitted to the hospital or outpatient department for liver function testing due to their own diseases. The inclusion criteria were a gestational age of ≥35 weeks, a birth weight of ≥2 000 g, and an age of ≤28 days. The neonate′s parents used the JCard to measure jaundice at the neonate′s cheek. Within 2 hours of the JCard measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) was measured with a JH20-1B device and total serum bilirubin (TSB) was detected. The Pearson′s correlation analysis, Bland-Altman plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for statistic analysis.Results:Out of the 854 newborns, 445 were male and 409 were female; 46 were born at 35-36 weeks of gestational age and 808 were born at ≥37 weeks of gestational age. Additionally, 432 cases were aged 0-3 days, 236 cases were aged 4-7 days, and 186 cases were aged 8-28 days. The TSB level was (227.4±89.6) μmol/L, with a range of 23.7-717.0 μmol/L. The JCard level was (221.4±77.0) μmol/L and the TcB level was (252.5±76.0) μmol/L. Both the JCard and TcB values showed good correlation ( r=0.77 and 0.80, respectively) and agreements (96.0% (820/854) and 95.2% (813/854) of samples fell within the 95% limits of agreement, respectively) with TSB. The JCard value of 12 had a sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.75 for identifying a TSB ≥205.2?μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.35 for identifying a TSB ≥342.0?μmol/L. The TcB value of 205.2?μmol/L had a sensitivity of 0.97 and specificity of 0.60 for identifying TSB levels of 205.2 μmol/L, and a sensitivity of 1.00 and specificity of 0.26 for identifying TSB levels of 342.0 μmol/L. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of JCard for identifying TSB levels of 153.9, 205.2, 256.5, and 342.0 μmol/L were 0.96, 0.92, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The AUC of TcB were 0.94, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. There were both no significant differences between the AUC of JCard and TcB in identifying TSB levels of 153.9 and 205.2 μmol/L (both P>0.05). However, the AUC of JCard were both lower than those of TcB in identifying TSB levels of 256.5 and 342.0 μmol/L (both P<0.05). Conclusions:JCard can be used to classify different levels of bilirubin, but its diagnostic efficacy decreases with increasing bilirubin levels. When TSB level are ≤205.2 μmol/L, its diagnostic efficacy is equivalent to that of the JH20-1B. To prevent the misdiagnosis of severe jaundice, it is recommended that parents use a low JCard score, such as 12, to identify severe hyperbilirubinemia (TSB ≥342.0 μmol/L).

Objective To analyze the stress changes of thoracic vertebra(T)11-sacrum(S)titanium rods in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after vertebral column decancellation(VCD)osteotomy,and provide reference for the selection and improvement of titanium rods before surgery.Methods The original data of the continuous scanning tomographic images of patients with ankylosing spondylitis after VCD osteotomy were imported into Mimics 21.0 in DICOM format,and T11-S vertebrae,screws and titanium rods were respectively reconstructed.They were imported into 3-Matic to establish a preliminary geometric modeling,and then processed with noise removal,paving,smoothing,etc.The improved model was imported into Hypermesh 10 software for grid division,and the material was imported into ANSYS 19.2 to display the finite element model after attribute assignment,Set the boundary and load conditions,and measure the stress value at the connection between the screw and the titanium rod.Results Under neutral position,forward bending,lateral bending,and axial rotation conditions,the titanium rod had the highest stress at the upper vertebrae(T11)and the lowest stress at the top vertebrae(L3);Under the backward extension condition,the titanium rod has the highest stress at the lower end vertebra(L5).Conclusion In the upper and lower vertebrae,it is possible to consider increasing the diameter of the titanium rod,enhancing its hardness,or changing it to a double rod.

Objective To establish a normal three-dimensional model of the hip bone in adolescents aged 10-19 years old,analyze the morphology and positional parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine of the hip bone among different genders,sides,and ages,which can supplement the study of the anatomical morphology of the hip bone and to provide a reference for the diagnosis of the clinically relevant diseases and for the therapeutic manipulation and localization of the hip bone.Methods Forty adolescent patients aged 10-19 years without previous spinal pelvic diseases were selected,and the pelvic CT image data were collected and imported into Mimics 21.0 software to establish the model.The relative position parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine and the surrounding anatomical landmarks included the length from the posterior superior iliac spine to the anterior superior iliac spine(ab),the length from the tip of the posterior superior iliac spine to the sciatica(ac),the length from the tip of the posterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle(ae),the length from the tip of the posterior superior iliac spine to the midpoint of the posterior margin of the auricular joint surfaces(af),the length from the tip of the posterior superior iliac spine to the iliac spine turn(ag),and the length from the sciatica tubercle to the highest point of the iliac spine(cd).The local parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine included the width(W0)and the thickness(H0)at point A.The maximum width of the posterior iliac spine(WMAX),its distance from point a(D0),and the width of the iliac spine were measured at 0.5,1,and 1.5 cm from point a,and were recorded sequentially as W1,W2,and W3.The width of the iliac spine at the turn of the iliac spine(point g)was measured(W4).The relative positions and parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine to the surrounding anatomical landmarks and the localized parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine were compared sequentially for different genders,sides,and age groups.Results In the measurement result of the parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine and the surrounding anatomical landmarks,the differences in the comparisons between different genders of the ac,ae,and af indexes were statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the differences in the comparisons between different genders of the ab,ag,and cd indexes were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The differences in the comparisons between the right and left sides of the ab,ac,ae,af,ag,and cd indexes were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The difference in comparison between different age groups of ab,ac,ae,af,ag,and cd indicators was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In the measurement result of the local parameters of the posterior superior iliac spine,the difference in the comparison between the sexes of the W0,W1,W2,WMAX,and H0 indexes was statistically significant(P＜0.05),and the difference in the comparison between the sexes of the W3,W4,and D0 indexes was not statistically significant(P＞0.05);And the difference in the comparison between the left and right sides of the W0,W1,W2,and the right and left sides of the W3,W4,WMAX,D0,and H0 indexes was not statistically significant(P＞0.05);The difference between W0,W1,W2,W3,W4,WMAX,D0,H0 indicators compared between different age groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Adolescent females have overall greater pelvic parameters than males,with wider and thicker tips of the posterior superior iliac spine in females and narrower and thinner tips of the posterior superior iliac spine in males;Pelvic parameters show a tendency to increase with age,while the width and thickness of the posterior superior iliac spine,as well as the width of the cephalic end to the iliac spine remain essentially unchanged.