Opisthorchis viverrini infection was found to be highly prevalent in 3 riverside villages (Ang Svay Chek A, B, and C) of the Prey Kabas District, Takeo Province. This area is located in the southern part of Cambodia, where the recovery of adult O. viverrini worms was recently reported. From May 2006 until May 2010, fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1,799 villagers using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. In the 3 villages, the overall positive rate for helminth eggs ranged from 51.7 to 59.0% (av. 57.4%), and the percentage positive for O. viverrini was 46.4-50.6% (47.5%). Other helminths detected included hookworms (13.2%), echinostomes (2.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.6%), and Taenia spp. (0.06%). The prevalence of O. viverrini eggs appeared to reflect a lower infection in younger individuals (<20 years) than in the adult population (>20 years). Men (50.4%) revealed a significantly higher (P=0.02) prevalence than women (44.3%). The Ang Svay Chek villages of the Prey Kabas District, Takeo Province, Cambodia have been confirmed to be a highly endemic area for human O. viverrini infection.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Opisthorchiasis/*epidemiology ; Opisthorchis/*isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although diagnosis and surgical treatment for distal common bile duct cancer have enormously advanced, survival is not satisfactory and its prognostic factors are still being debated. Thus, we evaluated the outcomes and prognostic factors after major resection for distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (dCC). METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four patients who underwent major resection such as pancreaticoduodenectomy for dCC were retrospectively analyzed. We investigated clinical features, postoperative complications, survival, and prognostic factors of dCC. CONCLUSIONS: One hundred and three (66.9%) male and 51 (33.1%) female patients were enrolled and their mean age was 59.6 (31-78) years. Among them, 97 patients (63.0%) underwent Whipple's procedure, 45 (29.2%) pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, 7 (4.5%) total pancreatectomy, and 5 (3.3%) hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy, respectively. Mean follow-up duration was 26.6 (0.4-108.5) months. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were 42.2% and 1.3%, respectively. Five-year survival rate was 32.8% and mean survival duration was 47.2 (39.1-55.3) months. Type of biliary drainage (percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage), lymph node status (positive), and cellular differentiation (moderate or poor) were significant indicators for death in multivariate analysis of resectable dCC. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate or poor cellular differentiation and lymph node metastasis may be independent poor prognostic factors for resectable dCC.
Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/mortality/*surgery ; *Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; Cholangiocarcinoma/mortality/*surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Although splenectomy remains the most effective treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), the results after splenectomy vary, with the prognostic factors for the postoperative result being debatable. This study investigated the response and predictors of the outcome after splenectomy. METHODS: Forty five adult patients, older than 15 years of age, who underwent splenectomy for ITP between 1995 and 2004, were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics, therapeutic modality, response rate and predictive factors of the response were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 12 and 33 male and female patients, respectively, with a mean age of 48 years. The preoperative platelet count ranged between 1000 to 47, 000/mm3 (mean: 12, 600). Remission was accessed 6 months after the surgery. Complete remission was observed in 31 patients (65.9%), and a partial response in 4 (8.5%), 12 patients (25.5%) did not respond to the splenectomy. Patients with an elevation of the platelet count to more than 250, 000/mm3 within 2 weeks after the surgery had better responses (P=0.03). However, patients who had splenectomy more than 36 months after the initial diagnosis had poor responses (P=0.02). Age, sex, previous response to glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin, the initial platelet count and platelet transfusion showed no clinical significance for predicting the response. A single patient had pneumonia postoperatively, there was no mortality. There was no relapse in the complete response group during the follow up period (mean: 27.8 months). CONCLUSION: Splenectomy for patients with ITP was safe and effective treatment. The early recovery of the platelet count and early operation following diagnosis were related with better responses to splenectomy.
Adult* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Male ; Mortality ; Platelet Count ; Platelet Transfusion ; Pneumonia ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Splenectomy* ; Thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: Paraquat is widely used non-selective contact herbicide. In spite of efforts to improve the outcome in paraquat poisoning, the mortality rate still remains high. The purpose of this study is to assess the predictive factors of prognosis by investigating initial laboratory data on paraquat poisoning. METHODS: The author retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory data, and outcomes for 130 paraquatpoisoning patients treated from June 1997 to September 2003 at the emergency medical center of Chonnam National University Hospital. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) The mortalities were significantly older than the survivors (49.3 years vs 37.6 years, p<0.05). Among the total 130 cases, the survivors numbered 50, and the deceased numbered 80. The mean age of all 130 cases was 44.8+/-16.9 years. 2) The white blood cell count and the levels of serum AST and ALT in the deceased were significantly higher than they were in the survivors. The levels of arterial pH, PaCO 2, base excess, HCO3 -, and serum potassium in the survivors were significantly higher than they were in the deceased. 3) A multivariate Cox-Regression analysis revealed that sex, serum potassium, and arterial HCO3 - were associated with the mortality rate. CONCILUSION: The above data reveal that the ingested amount, the result of the urine sodium dithionite test, and the initial state of laboratory parameters, including the white blood cell count, ABGA (pH, PaCO2, HCO3 -, base excess), serum potassium, AST, and ALT, can be used to predict the outcome of paraquat poisoning.
Dithionite ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukocyte Count ; Mortality ; Paraquat* ; Poisoning* ; Potassium ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survivors

The effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on experimental colitis was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of 4% acetic acid. EA (2 Hz, 0.05 ms, 2 V for 20min) was applied to bilateral Hoku (LI-4) and Zusanli (ST-36) on 12 hrs and 36 hrs after induction of colitis. EA-treatment significantly reduced the macroscopic damage and the myeloperoxidase activity of colonic samples at 3 days post-induction of colitis. Colitic colon showed a decreased in vitro motility. However, colonic motility of EAtreated group was not significantly different from that of normal group. The anti-inflammatory effect of EA was not inhibited by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU-486, but suppressed by a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranonol. These results suggest that EA-treatment has a beneficial effect on colitis, and its anti-inflammatory effect is mediated by beta-adrenoceptor activation but not by endogenous glucocorticoiddependent mechanism.
Acetic Acid ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Carbachol/pharmacology ; Cholinergic Agonists/pharmacology ; Colitis/chemically induced/enzymology/pathology/*therapy ; Electroacupuncture/*veterinary ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology ; Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology ; Male ; Mifepristone/pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects/physiology ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology ; Peroxidase/metabolism ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte imbalance encountered in the hospital, there have been few studies about the clinical characteristics of hyponatremia in emergency patients. This study was performed to evaluate the causes and the initial symptoms of hyponatremia in emergency patients, the relationship between their ages and their initial symptoms and the relationship between the causes and the recovery time. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with hyponatremia, who were treated in the Emergency Department of Chonnam National University Hospital from 2000 to 2001, were studied by chart review. RESULTS: The initial symptoms were generalized weakness (33.3%), seizure (28.6%), mental change (21.6%), confusion (9.5%), dizziness (4.8%), and non-specific (2.4%). There was a significant difference in the initial symptoms between children and older. The initial symptom for younger patients was usually seizure. The most common causes of hyponatremia were dehydration and sodium loss (52.4%), other causes were hypothyroidism (11.9%), SIADH (7.1%), heart failure (7.1%), adrenal insufficiency (4.8%), polydypsia (4.8%), CRF (2.4%), nephrotic syndrome (2.4%) and unidentified causes (7.1%). There were significant differences in the recovery times among the causes of hyponatremia. CONCLUSION: The initial symptoms of hyponatremia in emergency patients were usually generalized weakness in older patients and seizure in the young. There were significant differences in the recovery times among the causes of hyponatremia. There were many more incidences of hypovolemic hyponatremia of emergency patients than normovolemic hyponatremia.
Adrenal Insufficiency ; Child ; Dehydration ; Dizziness ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hyponatremia* ; Hypothyroidism ; Hypovolemia ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Seizures ; Sodium

PURPOSE: Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme widly used in the diagnosis of acute liver disease. It is also highly sensitive in cases of myocardial infarction and muscular injury. This study is designed to ascertain the utility of AST for diagnosis in emergency room. METHODS: From July 2001 to September 2002, 98 patients with AST greater than ten times (400 U/L) the normal range were identified by the biochemistry laboratory in the Emergency Medical Center of Chonnam National University Hospital. The patients 'clinical records were studied to determine the diagnosis, the clinical course, the physical finding on arrival, the past history, other serological and imaging studies, etc. RESULTS: The most common cause of elevated AST level was hepatic in origin (74 cases, 75.5%). Other causes were soft tissue injury (13 cases, 13.3%) and myocardial infarction (11 cases, 11.2%). In group with hepatic causes for raised AST, 21 (28.3%) patients had pancreaticobiliary desease, 20 (27.0%) patients were in conditions producing hepatic ischemia, 18 (24.3%) patients had hepatocellular desease, 6 (8.1%) patients had traumatic liver injury, and 4 (5.4%) patients had malignancy. The hepatic ischemia was caused by sepsis (6 cases, 30.0%), heart failure (6 cases, 30.0%), hypoxia (5 cases, 25.0%), and prolonged hypotension (3 cases, 15.0%). CONCLUSION: The main cause of a notably increased serum AST level is known to be hepatocellular disease, but this study for emergency patients revealed that other causes, such as hepatic ischemia, traumatic liver injury, and muscular disease, were also remarkable. When the level of serum AST is abnormally high, the clinician must consider not only hepatocellular disease but also prolonged hypotension, circulatory collapse, hypoxia, traumatic liver injury, etc.
Anoxia ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biochemistry ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Ischemia ; Jeollanam-do ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Muscular Diseases ; Myocardial Infarction ; Reference Values ; Sepsis ; Shock ; Soft Tissue Injuries

Massive hemoptysis represents a major medical emergency that is associated with high mortality. The causes of hemoptysis are various and include pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders and trauma. The causes of pulmonary disorder are tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, abscess, malignancy, bronchitis, and fungal infection. The causes of cardiovascular disorder are mitral stenosis, pulmonary embolism, and congestive heart failure. A fistula between an aortic aneurysm and the pulmonary parenchyma is one of the causes of hemoptysis, but it is a rare. However, if undiagnosed, it is a uniformly fatal cause of massive hemoptysis. This is a case of bleeding from a fistula between an aortic arch aneurysm and a lung parenchyma in a patient with an aortic arch aneurysm who presented with massive hemoptysis. He had suffered intermittent hemoptysis since he was diagnosed with an aortic arch aneurysm three years before. A high clinical suspicion must be maintained when a history of intermittent hemoptysis is obtained in patients with an aortic aneurysm or prior aortic graft surgery.
Abscess ; Aneurysm* ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchitis ; Emergencies ; Fistula* ; Heart Failure ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lung ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Mortality ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis

Risk factors for infective endocarditis include injection drug abusers and patients with structural heart defects undergoing dental procedures. Infective endocarditis is clinically important because it is hard to diagnose it in its early stage owing to its various clinical manifestations, and because its morbidity and mortality increase when neurologic complications occur. This is a case of infective endocarditis in the course of treatment of which complicating cerebral hemorrhage and infarction progressed rapidly and prompted death.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Drug Users ; Endocarditis* ; Heart ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Mortality ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to examine how glutathione, one of the nucleophilic sulfur compounds, effects the cisplatin cellular toxicity in the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and normal lung epithel ial cell line. METHODS: Three cultured cell lines, the lung adenocarcinoma cell(NCL-H23), the lung squamous carcinoma cell (SK-MES-1) and the normal lung epithelial cell(L-132) line were exposed to various concentrations of cisplation with or without glutathione. The relative viability was estimated as a means of measuring the cisplatin cellular toxicity using the MTT method. RESULTS: In NCL-23, the response to cisplatin was sensitive but glutathione markedly increased the relative survival of the tumor cells by removing the antitumor effect of cisplatin. In both SK-MES-1 and L-132, the responses to cisplatin were less sensitive, and the chemoprotective effect of glutathione compared to an equal cisplatin dose was signigicantly higher in L-132 than in SK-MES-1(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The protective effects of glutathione on cisplatin-induced cellular toxicity is more signigicant in normal lung epithelial cells than in squamous carcinoma cells.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Cisplatin ; Epithelial Cells ; Glutathione* ; Lung ; Sulfur Compounds