Objective: This study aimed to investigate Japanese cancer patients’ perceptions of the scope of palliative care and factors that affect those perceptions. Methods: An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to hospitalized patients and outpatients in designated cancer care hospitals in Japan. Data were first summarized using descriptive statistics. Then, using a χ² test followed by multiple logistic regression analysis, we compared patients who recognized palliative care as terminal care with those who viewed it as care that is relevant earlier in the disease course. Results: Of 3,622 questionnaires, 1,981 were completed (response rate: 54.7%). A total of 1,187 (59.9%) respondents perceived palliative care as care that could be implemented early in the disease course, whereas 414 (20.9%) respondents perceived palliative care as only relevant for the end-of-life stage. Respondents who had received palliative care for symptoms were significantly less likely to recognize it as terminal palliative care only than those who perceived that they were not the subject in the scope of care for symptoms. A diagnosis of advanced cancer and being under 40 years old were factors significantly related to the perception of palliative care as terminal only. Discussion and Implications: Our findings suggest that health care providers should be conscious of the possibility that palliative care practices affect patients’ perceptions of palliative care. Providing information about palliative care before occurring painful symptoms can help promote patients’ access to and understanding of it.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between white matter tracts and cognitive symptoms in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: We examined the cognitive functions of 17 children with high-functioning ASD and 18 typically developing (TD) controls and performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography. We compared the results between the groups and investigated the correlations between the cognitive scores and DTI parameters within each group. RESULTS: The Comprehension scores in the ASD group exhibited a positive correlation with mean diffusivity (MD) in the forceps minor (F minor). In the TD group, the Comprehension scores were positively correlated with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO) and left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), and negatively correlated with MD in the left ATR, radial diffusivity (RD) in the right IFO, and RD in the left ATR. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the Matching Numbers scores and MD in the left uncinate fasciculus and F minor, and RD in the F minor. Furthermore, the Sentence Questions scores exhibited a positive correlation with RD in the right inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Relative to TD controls, the specific tract showing a strong correlation with the cognitive scores was reduced in the ASD group. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that white matter tracts connecting specific brain areas may exhibit a weaker relationship with cognitive functions in children with ASD, resulting in less efficient cognitive pathways than those observed in TD children.
Anisotropy ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder ; Brain ; Child ; Cognition ; Comprehension ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Neurobehavioral Manifestations ; Surgical Instruments ; White Matter

PURPOSE: Few studies have compared fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement by NIOX VERO® (NOV) and other devices in children. Moreover, there is no agreement between differences in FeNO values obtained using different devices in adults. Here, we compared FeNO values obtained using NOV and NObreath® (NOB) systems to derive a correction equation for children. METHODS: Eighty-eight participants (age 7–15 years) who were diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma and visited Sagamihara National Hospital as outpatients between January and April of 2017 were included. We measured FeNO values obtained using NOB and NOV, and analyzed them using Wilcoxon tests and Altman-Bland plots. RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 11.5 years, and the scored Asthma Control Test (ACT) or Childhood ACT (C-ACT) was 25 (interquartile range, 24–25) or 26 (24–27). NOB and NOV values were significantly different (31 [14–52] versus 36 [20–59] ppb; P = 0.020) and strongly correlated (r = 0.92). An equation to convert NOB values into NOV values was derived using linear regression as follows: log NOV = 0.7329 × log NOB + 0.4704; NOB for 20, 40, 58, 80 and 100 ppb corresponded to NOV for 27, 44, 59, 73 and 86 ppb. Thus, NOB < 58 ppb suggested NOB < NOV, whereas NOB > 58 ppb suggested NOB > NOV. CONCLUSIONS: NOB and NOV values were strongly correlated. Participants whose FeNO values were relatively low represented NOB < NOV, whereas those whose FeNO values were relatively high represented NOB > NOV.
Adult ; Asthma ; Child* ; Exhalation ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nitric Oxide* ; Outpatients

No abstract available.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Calreticulin/*genetics ; Child ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Thrombopoietin/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sex Factors ; Thrombocythemia, Essential/*diagnosis/genetics ; Young Adult

Background：A palliative care education program based on the Cancer Control Act, namely the Palliative care Emphasis Program on symptom management and Assessment for Continuous medical Education（PEACE）, has been run in Japan since 2008. Purpose：The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of PEACE for clinicalpractice. Method：Focus group interviews were conducted with 12 physicians who attended the program and were chosen by theoretical sampling. Two investigators independently performed thematic content analysis. Results：Qualitative analysis identified five main categories of usefulness of the program：（1）acquiring knowledge of palliative care；（2）acquiring skills to provide palliative care；（3）mastering an attitude of focusing on suffering；（4）acquiring knowledge about home palliative care；and（5）standardizing knowledge of basic palliative care in the community. Three main categories for program improvement were identified, namely the content and structure of the program, as well as the method of running the program. Conclusion：PEACE may be useful in providing systematic education in basic palliative care through the acquisition of basic knowledge and skills, discussion of cases with colleagues, observing good communication by other physicians, and networking in the community.

Objective：The previous study was to develop the“Itamikei”, a small machine which patients can use to record their subjective level of pain. And new assessment tool“Tablet PC application for Pain Memory”, which enable the user to visualize and record the pain levels both instantly and over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Pain Memory as a pain assessment tool for patients with cancer pain. Method：12 inpatients prescribed analgesics for cancer pain, were instructed to input their pain level into Pain Memory over a 2-week period, and the resulting graph was reviewed by the patient and staff. They also completed a questionnaire evaluating the design, function and pain assessment of the tool. Result：The patients input their pain level into Pain Memory 5.25 times／day（Md）, which provided increased opportunities to ascertain the patient’s pain level compared to that“Itamikei”. The design and function of the Pain Memory were given approximately rate 4 using a 5 point scale by both patients and staff members. Moreover, using Pain Memory, the patients highly rated the parameter“I understood changes in pain”, and the staff members highly rated the parameter“Patients participating in the treatment of pain”. Conclusion：We found Pain Memory could be useful in the assessment of pain. It provided more opportunities to ascertain the pain level of patients, and enabled the visualization of the pain level through a graph.

The effectiveness of the Kampo medicine shakuyakukanzoto extract for patients with muscle cramp is well known, but recently side effects related to pseudoaldosteronism have also been reported. To avoid this issue, Kampo medicines without Glycyrrhizae Radix are needed for treatment of muscle cramp. We investigated the therapeutic effect of shimotsuto extract, which has traditionally been used to treat anemia, in 26 patients (mean age : 70.7 ± 12.1 years) with muscle cramp. Improvement of the symptom was noted in 18 patients (69%), with no change in 8 patients (31%). The abdominal muscle tension of the former patients was significantly lower than the latter. Here, the cases of four representative patients in whom muscle cramp was improved by shimotsuto are described. The response rate to shimotsuto was similar to that of shakuyakukanzoto. Our results suggest that shimotsuto extract is a suitable alternative to shakuyakukanzoto for treatment of muscle cramp in older non-robust type patients not in need of emergency care.

Background: Hand hygiene is recognized as the leading factor to prevent Healthcare-Associated Infection. This report describes an investigation of education in hand hygiene for nurses to visualize hand contamination.
Method: Twenty-nine nurses underwent education using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements and fluorescent cream and black light, and a survey was conducted.
Results: A significantly higher number of nurses recognized the importance of hand hygiene after receiving education. Approximately 80% of nurses were able to: ″reflect on their methods for washing their hands″ , ″understand the necessity of keeping their hands clean after removing their gloves″ , and ″check for areas of the hands that had not been cleaned″ .
Discussion: This report suggested that education in hand hygiene using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements and fluorescent cream and black light for nurses improves their perception of the importance of hand hygiene.

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to create an assessment for patients with muscle disease who wish to continue driving by investigating their motor function and driving experience. Methods : Twenty-four patients with muscle disease who visited our hospital from December 2009 to April 2010 were enrolled in our research. For patients who were still driving, physiatrists evaluated their motor functions, examined simulated driving motions and recorded their driving capabilities and techniques, their ability to get into and out of the vehicle and their ability to store and remove their wheelchairs. Patients no longer driving were asked why they had given up driving. Results : Fifteen patients who continued driving had enough upper limb strength and could simulate driving motions, though the location and degree of their muscle weakness were variable. Five of fifteen drove with the aid of a hand-operated brake and accelerator. Seven needed personal assistance: three to get into and out of the vehicles, six to store and remove wheelchairs. The nine patients who had stopped driving reported that the primary reason for discontinuing driving was that they recognized their muscles were insufficient to control the vehicle. Conclusions : We propose to evaluate muscle strength and to test simulated driving motions when assessing patients with muscle disease. A hand-operated brake and accelerator is efficient for patients with lower limb muscle weakness. However, since no efficient automobile modifications are available for those patients who cannot get into and get out of their vehicles or store and remove their wheelchairs by themselves, we suggest arranging personal assistance for such patients.

  In Japan, few health care professionals have a basic understanding（core competency）of the design of clinical research and statistical analysis. We developed a blended distance–learning program comprising face–to–face lectures with e–learning for busy health care professionals who work in the clinical settings to achieve core competency in clinical research. The purpose of this study was to examine the educational effects of this program.
1）Four months after the end of the program, 64％ of the participants had started to conduct clinical research.
2）This program may increase the number of research colleagues that can discuss clinical research.
3）This program could enhance the confidence（self–efficacy）of health care professionals in clinical research.