【Objective】 To explore the the potential risks of antiretroviral therapy(ART) drugs on blood safety among blood donors in Shenzhen. 【Methods】 High pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to measure ART drugs concentrations in the plasma of regular blood donors (negative control group, n=86) and anti-HIV positive individuals (experimental group, n=98, detected from approximately 440 000 blood donors during 2019—2023). The baseline plasma concentrations of ART drugs in the negative control group were clarified, and the impact of ART drugs on blood safety was analyzed. 【Results】 The baseline concentrations of ART drugs were not detected in 86 samples of negative control group. Four positive ART drugs samples were detected in 1∶2 pooled plasma samples of 98 anti-HIV positive blood donors plasma in the resolution test. The ART positive rate of anti-HIV positive donors was 4.08%, with tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz detected in three blood donors and lamivudine, lopinavir, ritonavir and zidovudine detected in one blood donor. 【Conclusion】 ART drugs were found among anti-HIV positive blood donors in Shenzhen. Additional research is needed to investigate the motivation of these specific donors, so as to ascertain the groups most susceptible to potential risks, and guarantee blood safety.

The upset insomnia caused by life and work pressure has seriously affected the physical and mental health of modern people and induced many diseases. The quality of Chinese medicine for nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind is stable, and it has a significant effect on the treatment of insomnia, with fewer adverse reactions, and no dependence on sedative and hypnotic as chemical drugs. The Chinese herbal pieces and preparations for nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind can be divided into psychotropic and sedative drugs according to their functions. Their active ingredients mainly include flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, polysaccharides, amino acids and vitamins, etc. They are mostly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system inhibition. In this paper, the types and active ingredients and development tendency and application status of the Chinese herbal pieces and preparations of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind were reviewed individually, in order to provide reference for the development of drugs of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind in the field of clinical application and related drugs.

Objective To present the initial practice of a novel procedure for the surgical treatment of inguinal hernia-"lateral approach single-incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal(L-SILTEP)repair"in certain specific situations.Methods The clinical data of 110 inguinal hernia patients who underwent L-SILTEP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University,Shanghai General Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and Shanghai East Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from June 2021 to March 2024 were collected retrospectively.Patients' demographics,surgical details,length of hospital stay,and postoperative outcomes were analyzed respectively.Results All surgeries were completed successfully and there was no conversion.The median surgical time was 55(41.25,70)mins and the intraoperative blood loss was 5(2,10)mL.In surgery,inferior epigastric artery injury occurred in 5 cases(4.5%)and spermatic cord injury occurred in 1 case(0.9%).The mean visual analog scale(VAS)scores pain assessment at 6,24,and 48 h after surgery were 3.0±0.8,1.9±0.7 and 1.1±0.4,respectively.The duration of hospital stay was(3.3±0.7)days.The most common postoperative complication was seroma,which occurred in 9 cases(8.2%).Additionally,extraperitoneal hematoma occurred in 1 case(0.9%)and scrotum effusion in 1 case(0.9%).Conclusions Generally,L-SILTEP is safe,feasible and effective.However,due to its advanced technique-demand,the application of L-SILTEP should be patient-specific and surgeon-specific.The successful implementation of this surgical procedure necessitates extensive training and meticulous attention to the surgical details.

Objective:To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of sensory neuron-derived exosomes (nExo) in mediating intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).Methods:A rat IDD model was constructed, with nExo injected into the intervertebral disc. After 4 weeks, the degenerative grades of operated discs were evaluated using histological staining, while the senescent phenotype of nucleus pulposus stem cells (NPSC) in the tissue was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. For in vitro experiments, 24 hours after the treatment of nExo to NPSC, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, or senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining was applied to evaluate the senescent phenotype of NPSC. Transcriptomics analysis was applied to identify the key molecules that mediate nExo-induced cells senescence. After 4 weeks of injecting nExo and TXN into the rat tail disc degeneration model.Results:nExo increased the degenerative grades of IDD and increased the proportion of TEK +p16 + and TEK +p21 + cells (from 36.32% ±4.04%, 33.69% ±4.56% in IDD group to 56.41% ±5.26%, 50.14% ±8.49% in IDD+nExo group, respectively; t=7.420, P<0.001; t=4.184, P<0.0019, respectively) in the disc tissue. Besides, nExo promoted the expression of p16 and p21 in NPSC and increased the percentage of cells with positive senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining (from 7.32%±1.73% to 58.22%±11.38%, t=7.658, P=0.002), while the percentage of G2/M cells was downregulated (from 18.10%±1.32% to 1.60%±0.67%, t=19.290, P<0.001). Transcriptomic analysis showed that the differential genes of CTRL vs. nExo were closely related to cell senescence, and TXN was screened by intersecting the differential gene set with the cellular senescence gene sets from the published database. Furthermore, we verified that nExo decreased the content of TXN in NPSC, while exogenous TXN downregulated the expression of p16 and p21 in NPSC, reduced the positive cell rate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining (from 58.84%±3.99% to 21.68%±8.16%, t=7.048, P=0.021), increased the percentage of G2/M cells (from 1.21%±0.34% to 15.26%±2.60%, t=9.259, P=0.001). TXN significantly reduced the grade of disc tissue degeneration (histological score: 14.33±0.82 in the nExo group; 8.17±1.17 in the nExo+TXN group, t=10.590, P<0.001), significantly increased the content of extracellular matrix (from 10.94±4.35 μg/mg to 50.55±12.16 μg/mg, t=7.512, P<0.001), and reduced the proportion of TEK +p16 + and TEK +p21 + double-positive cells (from 54.92%±4.21% and 60.31%±9.02% to 27.93%±3.26% and 33.75%±8.07%, respectively; t=12.430, P<0.001; t=5.375, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion:nExo promotes cell senescence and IDD by downregulating TXN in NPSC.

Objective To find out the prevalence of antiretroviral therapy(ART)drugs among treponema pallidum(TP)antibody(anti-TP)positive blood donors in Shenzhen,and to assess the blood safety risks brought about by the new trends of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)diagnosis and treatment.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select 60 repeat blood donors(negative control group)who passed blood screening in Shenzhen from March 2019 to January 2023,and 3 people who regularly took known ART drugs were named positive control group,358 anti-TP positive/anti-HIV negative blood do-nors were named experimental group 1,20 anti-TP positive/anti-HIV positive blood donors were named ex-perimental group 2.The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)was applied to detect the concentration of 8 ART drugs in plasma samples of each group,and the use of ART drugs was analyzed.Re-sults After the positive control group's plasma was diluted with a 1:6 dilution mixture,the ART drugs could still be detected.The positive mixed plasma samples of 1:6 people in Group 1 and Group 2 were split and validation,one ART drug positive sample was detected in Group 2,which was positive for anti-HIV,pro-tein immunoblotting,and HIV RNA.The detection rate of ART drugs in anti-TP positive blood donors was 0.26％,0.00％in Group 1 and 4.00％in Group 2.Conclusion The use of ART drugs has been found among anti-TP positive blood donors in Shenzhen,and people with HIV infection and high-risk sexual behavior are more likely to use antiretroviral drugs.

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Picornaviridae and the genus Cardiovirus. EMCV has the ability to infect various mammals, such as mice, pigs, and cattle. In addition, humans are susceptible to EMCV infection, and the seropositivity rate of relevant antibodies in healthy populations is steadily increasing, which poses a potential risk of epidemics. The initial step of viral infection in cells involves recognition and attachment to cell surface receptors, followed by endocytosis into the cells. Subsequently, viral proteins interact with host proteins within the cells to promote their own replication. With the progress made in protein-protein interaction studies and the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, multiple host proteins that interact with EMCV have been identified. This article summarizes the host proteins that interact with EMCV during infection, explores the mechanisms by which these proteins facilitate or inhibit viral invasion, discusses the latest progress in EMCV-induced endocytosis and intracellular signaling, hoping to provide reference for better elucidating EMCV receptor proteins, understanding viral infection and replication mechanisms, studying virus-host interactions and tissue tropism, and developing novel targeted antiviral drugs and prevention strategies.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved in repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 17 patients who had been treated by arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved for transtendinous rotator cuff tear caused by trauma at Sports Medicine Center, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2017 to January 2020. There were 11 males and 6 females with an age of (47.9±8.3) years and a duration from injury to surgery of (50.4±21.3) d. Recorded were range of motion and muscle strength of the shoulder, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder function score, Constant-Murley shoulder function score, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, re-tears and complications before operation and at the last follow-up.Results:The 17 patients were followed up for (16.5±3.5) months after operation. Retear of the rotator cuff occurred in 2 patients after operation while MRI showed good healing of the rotator cuff in the other patients with no such postoperative complications as infection or wound dehiscence. At preoperation and the last follow-up, respectively, the range of shoulder flexion was 152.9°±8.5° and 172.4°±5.6°, the abductor muscle strength 3.5 (2.6, 4.1) kg and 6.9 (6.3, 8.3) kg, the external rotator muscle strength (3.8±1.0) kg and (5.9±1.6) kg, the internal rotator muscle strength 3.9 (3.4,4.7) kg and 5.2 (4.5,5.9) kg, the UCLA score (13.2±1.9) points and (30.9±2.4) points, the Constant score (40.1±2.8) points and (86.1±4.6) points, and the VAS score (6.7±0.8) points and (0.9±0.6) points, all showing a significant difference between preoperation and the last follow-up ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears, arthroscopic side-to-side suture with remnants preserved can lead to significantly improved clinical outcomes in range of motion, muscle strength, functional recovery and pain relief.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanism of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens Ait. on testicular tissue damage in male mice induced by local heat stress in the scrotum. METHODS TCMSP database was used to screen the targets of flavonoids in Sophora flavescens Ait., and the bioinformatics analysis was performed on the target. The mouse model of scrotal heat stress was used and the flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Ait. was used for intervention. The sperm density and sperm aberration rate of mice in each group were measured, and the morphological changes of testicular tissue were observed. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 17(IL-17) mRNA and protein levels in testicalar were detected of by q-PCR and Western blotting. Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), NO, TNF-α level and the content of testosterone in serum were detected in tissue homogenate. RESULTS Heat stress could lead to the decrease of sperm density and increase of aberrant sperm, the obvious thinning of testicular spermatogenic epithelium, the decrease of cell level and quantity, the significant decrease of ATPase, LDH, SDH activities, and the increase of MDA, NO content, TNF-α and IL-17 expression in testicular tissue. After the intervention with 250, 500 mg·kg-1·d-1 flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Ait., the quality of sperm and the damage of testicular tissue morphology were improved. The level of TNF-α and IL-17 in serum and testicular tissue were decreased, and the activity of ATPase, SDH and the level of testosterone were increased. CONCLUSION The mechanism of flavonoids of Sophora flavescens Ait. is through inhibiting the inflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-17 levels, improve the anti-lipid peroxidation ability and inhibite the role of NO, enhance the activity of energy enzymes in spermatogenesis, improve the level of serum testosterone, and improve the reproductive disorders caused by heat stress.

Endoscopy ; Hernia, Ventral/surgery* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgical Mesh

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status of non-psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital， and to explore the relevant influencing factors， so as to provide references for the screening of mental health problems and the construction of intervention models among non-psychiatric inpatients. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 916 non-psychiatric inpatients in a third grade class A general hospital in Guangzhou， and all the inpatients were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item （PHQ-9）， Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item （GAD-7）， Athens Insomnia Scale （AIS） and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale （C-SSRS） to detect their depression， anxiety， insomnia and suicide risk status. Thereafter， univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen the risk factors affecting the mental health of inpatients. ResultsA total of 339 （37.0%） inpatients with positive mental health problems were screened， and the screening results for each dimension revealed 218 cases （23.8%） of depression， 141 cases （15.4%） of anxiety， 257 cases （28.1%） of insomnia， 42 cases （4.6%） of suicidal ideation and 7 cases （0.8%） of suicidal behavior. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female （OR=1.379， P<0.05） was a risk factor for positive screening of mental health problems. Ordinal Logistic regression analysis denoted that age above 60 years old （OR=1.542， P<0.05） and singlehood （OR=2.055， P<0.05） were risk factors affecting the severity of depression， while senior high school to junior college education （OR=0.524， P<0.05） was a protective factor of depression， meantime， female （OR=1.472， P<0.05） was a risk factor affecting the severity of insomnia. ConclusionMental health problems are quite common among non-psychiatric inpatients in general hospitals， and are mainly affected by factors such as gender， age， marital status and educational background.