From December 2022 to January 2023, 4 lung transplant recipients (3 males and 1 female, aged 52-60 years, all received transplantation less than 1 year) were hospitalized in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University due to COVID-19 after surgery. The clinical manifestations were mostly characterized by elevated body temperature accompanied by shortness of breath, and indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and oxygenation index could reflect the severity of the condition. The therapy was timely adjusted to immunosuppressive drugs, upgraded oxygen therapy, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal therapy, prone ventilation, general treatment, and anticoagulant therapy, depending on the situation. Finally, 3 patients were cured and discharged from hospital, and 1 died.

With the continuous progress of research methodology in the real world and the growing maturity of artificial intelligence technology， a method for conducting “quantitative” research to guide clinical practice based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnosis and treatment data was gradually developed. However， there is still a need for further improvements in the overall design of studies and the transformation of findings into clinical practice. Based on this， we put forward a comprehensive overall design concept and application approach for real-world study and artificial intelligence research based on clinical diagnosis and treatment data of TCM. This approach consists of five steps： Constructing a research-based database with a large sample size and high data quality； Mining and classification of core prescriptions； Conducting cohort studies to evaluate the effectiveness of core prescriptions； Utilizing case-control studies to clarify the dominant population； Establishing predictive models to achieve precision medicine. Additionally， it is imperative for researchers to establish a standardized system for collecting TCM variables and processing data， optimize the determination and measurement methods of confounding factors， further improve and promote methodologies， and strengthen the training of interdisciplinary talents. By following this research method， we anticipate that the clinical translation of research findings will be facilitated， leading to advancements in TCM precision medicine. Real-world study and artificial intelligence research share similar research foundations， and clinical applications complement each other. In the future， the two will merge together.

Objective:To explore the effect of a new teaching mode, which includes bridge-in, outcome, pre-test, participation, post-test and summary (BOPPPS), on the online teaching of radiobiology related knowledge for cancer radiotherapy practitioners.Methods:Taking the cell survival curve, cell cycle and radiosensitivity as examples, the radiotherapy practitioners in multiple university-affiliated hospitals were organized to carry out a multicenter prospective randomized control study. All practitioners were randomly divided into BOPPPS group and control group. The courses for BOPPPS group were designed as an online classroom, consisting of pre-class preparation, online teaching and post-class stages. The online teaching stage included video viewing, basic knowledge learning, literature discussion, group discussion and others. The control group employed the traditional teaching mode. The χ2 test was used to compare the consistency of general conditions between the two groups, and nonparametric test was used to compare the differences in scores between two or more groups. Results:The score of the pre-class test was 58.56 ± 0.99. Post-class average score for BOPPPS group was 85.48±0.85 and for control group 77.79±1.10, with the former being higher 7.69 ( Z=5.31, P<0.001) than the latter. The average answer time was (296.62±15.40) s for BOPPPS group and (386.41±21.27) s for control group, with the former being shorter 89.79 s ( Z=3.34, P=0.001) than latter. Subgroup analysis shown that the scores of BOPPPS group were significantly rising, regardless of whether or not the students had studied radiobiology courses. Among the students who have not studied these courses, the scores were rising greatly. Moreover, From the analysis of different positions, it was found that both the scores of BOPPPS group and control group have risen, especially for doctors, deputy chief doctors, physicists and technicians. There were also statistically differences between different degrees, with significantly rise in scores for undergraduate and doctoral students ( Z=3.64, 4.18, P<0.001). Conclusions:The flexible application of BOPPPS teaching mode to the online education of such boring disciplines, like radiobiology, is of great significance to raise the theoretical basis of radiotherapy practitioners.

Objective:To analyze the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of 538 Neisseria meningitidis isolated from 2005 to 2019 in China. Method:Total of 538 Neisseria meningitidis strains collected from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed based on the standards of clinical and laboratory standardization association (CLSI) including 11 recommended antibiotics. Gradient diffusion method was used to detect the antibiotic sensitivity of Neisseria meningitidis. Results:All 538 strains were sensitive to azithromycin, meropenem, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ceftriaxone. As to other six antibiotics, the antibiotics sensitivity rates were cefotaxime (97.4%, 524 strains), ampicillin (87.7%, 472 strains), penicillin (84.8%, 456 strains), minocycline (95.2%, 512 strains), ciprofloxacin (24.9%, 134 strains) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11.2%, 60 strains) respectively.Conclusions:Neisseria meningitidis isolated from 2005-2019 in China were all sensitive to azithromycin, meropenem, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ceftriaxone. It should highlight Neisseria meningitidis resistant to cefotaxime, ampicillin and penicillin. Ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole are not recommended as the priority choice for clinical treatment and prophylactic medication.

Objective:To analyze the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of 538 Neisseria meningitidis isolated from 2005 to 2019 in China. Method:Total of 538 Neisseria meningitidis strains collected from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed based on the standards of clinical and laboratory standardization association (CLSI) including 11 recommended antibiotics. Gradient diffusion method was used to detect the antibiotic sensitivity of Neisseria meningitidis. Results:All 538 strains were sensitive to azithromycin, meropenem, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ceftriaxone. As to other six antibiotics, the antibiotics sensitivity rates were cefotaxime (97.4%, 524 strains), ampicillin (87.7%, 472 strains), penicillin (84.8%, 456 strains), minocycline (95.2%, 512 strains), ciprofloxacin (24.9%, 134 strains) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11.2%, 60 strains) respectively.Conclusions:Neisseria meningitidis isolated from 2005-2019 in China were all sensitive to azithromycin, meropenem, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ceftriaxone. It should highlight Neisseria meningitidis resistant to cefotaxime, ampicillin and penicillin. Ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole are not recommended as the priority choice for clinical treatment and prophylactic medication.

At present, the cultivation of exploratory thinking and the ability to use medical public big data is easy to be ignored, which leads to the obvious lack of the ability of graduate students in oncology to use public big data to discover and confirm new clinical phenomena and new laws in scientific research. This study introduces the access and download tools of common medical big databases such as TCGA, introduces the learning method of repeated classic analysis cases, and proposes research methods to verify clinical hypothesis using public big data. It is expected to provide useful enlightenment and reference for improving the research ability of graduate students in oncology specialty to find clinical problems and summarize scientific laws.

Utilizing of the WeChat Mini Programs (WMPs) in optimizing the paradigm of Continuing Medical Education (CME) is a promising avenue to improve training mode for physician. Here, we introduce the development status of WMP, and classify them into professional societies, hospital departments, academic institutions, pharmaceutical technology companies and individuals according to the operation subjects. This paper also analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of WMPs, and puts forward the establishment of authoritative and highly recognized mini programs that can be awarded CME credits. Through the "Internet plus medical care" strategy, we should integrate network resources to enhance the overall level of continuing medical education, so as to provide a good platform for related medical workers.

Post-traumatic tetanus is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus.To reduce the incidence and mortality rateof tetanus and guide the primary medical institutions to prevent and control tetanus after trauma,the National Immunization Planning Technical Working Group of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled this document in the reference with Position Paper by World Health Organization,and the latest research progress both at home and abroad.The guidelines focus on the basic procedures for the prevention and treatment of post-traumatic tetanus,the application of tetanus vaccines and immune preparation,and pre-exposure immunization in high-risk populations of trauma.

Post-traumatic tetanus is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus. To reduce the incidence and mortality rate of tetanus and guide the primary medical institutions to prevent and control tetanus after trauma, National Immunization Planning Technical Working Group of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has compiled this document in the reference with Position Paper by World Health Organization, the latest research progress from home and abroad. The guidelines focus on the basic procedures for the prevention and disposition of post-traumatic tetanus, the application of tetanus vaccines and immune preparation, and the pre-exposure immunization in high-risk populations of trauma.

Objective To investigate the value of spectral CT-based quantitative analysis in the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver abscess.Methods A total of 70 patients with space-occupying lesions in the liver (45 with liver cancer and 25 with liver abscess) underwent spectral CT scans to obtain spectral images in the arterial phase and portal venous phase.The solid constituents of lesions and the iodine and water concentrations in necrotic or cystic parts of lesions,normal hepatic tissue,and abdominal aorta in the arterial phase and portal venous phase were measured,and the normalized iodine concentration (NIC) and lesion-to-normal hepatic tissue ratio (LNR) of iodine concentration were calculated.The two samples t-test and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed for the quantitative indices above.Results The patients with liver cancer had higher NIC and LNR in solid constituents in the arterial phase than those with liver abscess (NIC:0.15±0.06 mg/ml vs 0.14±0.02 mg/ml,P ＞ 0.05;LNR:2.78±0.65 vs 1.45±0.88,P ＜ 0.001).The patients with liver abscess had significantly higher NIC and LNR in solid constituents in the portal venous phase than those with liver cancer (NIC:0.65±0.08 mg/ml vs 0.52±0.08 mg/ml,P ≤ 0.001;LNR:1.22±0.23 vs 0.95±0.15,P ≤ 0.001).There were no significant differences in NIC in the arterial phase or NIC and LNR in the portal venous phase in necrotic or cystic parts of lesions between the patients with liver cancer and liver abscess (P ＞ 0.05).The optimal quantitative value for the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver abscess was LNR in arterial phase,and the cut-off value of 1.53 had a sensitivity of 100％ and a specificity of 92％.Conclusion Quantitative iodine concentration analysis in spectral CT imaging has a certain value in the differential diagnosis of liver cancer and liver abscess and can improve the accuracy of diagnosis.