Drug-induced liver injury （DILI） is the main cause of failures in drug development and the withdrawal of approved drugs from the market， and therefore， there is an increasing demand for accurate prediction and in vitro testing. However， the two-dimensional cell culture system of hepatocytes is not suitable for the toxicity study of long-term drug use due to the fact that it cannot accurately simulate and reproduce the real environment and micro-ecosystem of hepatocytes in vivo. In view of this， there is an urgent need for liver models with higher predictability to assess the hepatotoxicity of drugs in drug development and the safety evaluation of active compounds. This article reviews the construction and application of three-dimensional in vitro hepatocyte culture systems for DILI， in order to provide a reference for their effective implementation in DILI analysis.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer(FET)for the first time.Methods The clinical data of 1 458 patients who underwent FET cycle-assisted pregnancy for the first time were retrospectively analyzed and divided into four groups according to clinical pregnancy and live bith outcomes.The clini-cal data were compared to analyze the factors affecting clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in FET cycles that were included in multiple logistic regression analysis.Results Of the 1458 cycles,the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were 44.0% and 34.0%,respectively.The mean age of the clinical pregnancy and live birth groups was lower than that in non-clinical pregnancy and stillbirth groups(P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of patients aged<35 years were higher than those aged≥35 years(P<0.05).The clinical preg-nancy and live birth rates of patients with≥8 mm endometrial thickness were higher than those with<8 mm endometrial thickness(P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy rate of natural cycles of endometrial preparation regimen was higher than that of HRT cycles(P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of double-embryo transfers were higher than that of single-embryo transfers(P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy and live birth rates of blastocyst transfers were higher than those of cleavage stage(P<0.05).Conclusion Age,endometrial thickness,number of transplanted embryos,and embryo morphology were the independent factors influencing clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes during FET cycle transplantation.

Objective By population survey,to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods From July 2021 to December 2022,21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or 13C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics,detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and H.Pylori infection rate.Results(1)590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected(detection rate 2.68%);(2)The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females(all P<0.001);(3)The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the mini-mum age for each pathological type were lower than in females(P<0.001,0.009,0.005,0.002);(4)The popu-lation total H.pylori infection rate was 23.10%,the H.pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions(P<0.001),both H.pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex(all P<0.001),in addition,the H.pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female(all P<0.001);(5)The precancerous lesions detection rate in male,female,and the overall age range of 20～29 to 70～79 years is positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and rapidly decreases after the age of 79,the of H.pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and the trend of age change(P<0.001)was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate.Conclusions The detec-tion rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China;the total H.pylori infec-tion rate is at a relatively low level in China;the H.pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and increases with age.

Objective To explore the potential profile characteristics of dual coping in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship with quality of life. Methods Using convenience sampling, SLE patients from July 2022 to April 2023 in four tertiary hospitals in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, were recruited as study objects. General information, dual coping status scale, and quality of life were assessed using a general information questionnaire, the Dual Coping Scale, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results A total of 296 SLE patients were surveyed, and their dual coping strategies could be categorized into three potential profile groups: "Low Positive Dual Coping" (20.3%), "Moderate Dual Coping-Stable" (39.2%), and "High Dual Coping-High Mutual Coping" (40.5%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that education level, fatigue level, disease duration, and presence of sleep disturbance were influencing factors of dual coping profile categories among SLE patients (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that quality of life was positively correlated with dual coping and its dimensions in SLE patients (P < 0.01). Among the three dual coping profile groups, patients with low positive dual coping had the lowest quality of life scores. Conclusion There are distinct classification characteristics in the dual coping status of SLE patients, and individualized intervention measures can be formulated based on the characteristics of different profile categories in clinical practice. Low levels of dual coping are significantly associated with reduced quality of life in SLE patients, and healthcare professionals should prioritize patients with high fatigue and poor sleep quality, and actively enhance their dual coping abilities.

Objective: To understand social anxiety of Tibetan adolescents aged 10-15 years old in high altitude areas and its correlation with sleep duration, so as to provide a reference and support for social anxiety prevention and mental health interventions for Tibetan adolescents in high altitude areas. Methods: A total of 2 426 Tibetan adolescents from the Lhasa, Chamdo, and Nagchu regions of Tibet were surveyed. From April to June 2022, basic demographics, social anxiety, and sleep status were obtained and analyzed using class based, stratified whole group sampling, and the correlations detected between the two were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The average social anxiety score of Tibetan adolescents aged 10-15 years in high altitude areas was (6.51±4.32), and the detection rate of social anxiety was 5.23%. The mean sleep duration was (7.42±1.18) hours/day. The differences were statistically significant when compared across gender, overweight/obesity status, level of physically activity, and sleep duration ( χ 2=19.44, 14.39, 7.83, 7.21, P <0.05). After adjusting for relevant variables, the Logistic regression analysis showed that sleep deprivation among boys ( OR =2.91, 95% CI =1.82-4.61), sleep deprivation among girls ( OR = 3.51 , 95% CI =2.01-6.04), and overall sleep deprivation among Tibetan adolescents ( OR =3.12, 95% CI =1.91-4.58) were positively associated with social anxiety( P <0.01). Conclusions A positive association was found between social anxiety and sleep deprivation, indicating that social anxiety is an issue among Tibetan adolescents living in high altitude regions. Sufficient sleep duration plays a positive protective role in reducing social anxiety among Tibetan adolescents in high altitude areas, and the findings provide a reference for future mental health interventions.

Objective:To explore the application effect of pre-hospital information publicity and education management model in patients with gastrointestinal tumors.Methods:The inpatients with gastrointestinal tumors who made an appointment in the outpatient department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were randomly divided into 225 cases in the control group and 226 cases in the experimental group. The control group was treated according to the routine process, the experimental group implemented pre hospital information education and management, and the patients were individually assessed and health education through the official account of WeChat, Heals mobile education system, telephone communication and WeChat group.Results:After the implementation of pre-hospital information management model, the anxiety and depression scores of patients in the experiment group were (55.89 ± 15.53) and (56.19 ± 17.87), which were significantly better than those in the control group, (60.84 ± 15.42) and (62.28 ± 19.67) ( t = 3.40, 3.43, both P<0.01). The awareness rate of admission related knowledge (74% to 93%) and satisfaction with pre-hospital publicity and education management in the experimental group were also higher than control group ( χ2 values were 5.84-20.28, all P<0.05). The hospitalization rate of patients in the experimental group was 91.15%(206/226), which was significantly higher than that in thecontrol group, 81.78%(184/225), the difference was significant ( χ2 = 8.47, P<0.01). The secondary hospitalization rate in the experimental group was 8.41%(19/226), which was significantly lower than that in the control group, 19.11% (43/225)( χ2 = 10.90, P<0.01). Conclusion:The pre-hospital information publicity and education management model can improve the awareness rate of patients′ admission related knowledge, improve patients′ satisfaction with pre hospital publicity and education management, reduce the secondary hospitalization rate and shorten the average preoperative hospital stay, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinic.

Objective To analyze the medication rules of the treatment of stroke in Gu Jin Ming Yi Lin Zheng Jin Jian Zhong Feng Juan; To provide references for the clinical treatment. Methods Prescriptions with confirmed efficacy of famous TCM doctors in the history in Gu Jin Ming Yi Lin Zheng Jin Jian Zhong Feng Juan was searched. Excel2003 was used to establish database to analyze medication frequency. SPSS17.0 statistical software was used to conduct cluster analysis, and tree view was used to show results. Results Totally 112 prescriptions for the treatment of stroke of 36 famous TCM doctors were included in the study, including 204 kinds of Chinese materia medica and 1169 times of medication frequency. The high-frequency medicines (>10 times) were Paeoniae Radix Alba, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, and Poria. The high-frequency medicine categories were tonifying deficiency medicine (22.58％), pacifying liver and wind medicine (12.31％), activating blood and dispelling stasis medicine (11.89％), clearing heat medicine (11.46％) and dissipating phlegm, cough and asthma medicine (8.72％). Cluster analysis showed that high-frequency medicine (>10 times) could be clustered as 6 categories. Conclusion Gu Jin Ming Yi Lin Zheng Jin Jian Zhong Feng Juan focuses on tonifying deficiency medicine, accompanied with pacifying liver and wind medicine, activating blood and dispelling stasis medicine, clearing heat medicine and dissipating phlegm, cough and asthma medicine, which can be used to guide clinic.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the standardized production of Sojae semen praeparatum (SSP). METH-ODS:SSP samples from Heilongjiang,Hebei,Gansu,Shandong,Anhui and Yunnan were respectively collected. The fermentive bacteria were cultured with the selective medium contained artemisiae annuae herba and mori folium. Foline-phenol method,fibrous protein plate method and p-nitrophenol-β-D-glucoside colorimetric method were respectively conducted to determine the activities of protease,plasmin and β-glucosidase of the strains to screen dominant fermentive bacteria. RESULTS:Totally 14 wild strains were separated from SSP samples from 6 production places, including 3 strains of bacteria and 11 strains of molds. 1 strain of rod-shaped bacteria and 1 strain of Mucor sp. were separated from SSP from Heilongjiang;2 strains of Mucor sp. and 1 strain of rod-shaped bacteria were separated from SSP from Hebei;1 strain of Mucor sp.,1 strain of Penicillium sp.,1 strain of Streptococ-cus sp. and 1 strain of Aspergillus sp. were separated from SSP from Gansu;2 strains of Mucor sp. were separated from SSP from Shandong;1 strain of Mucor sp. and 1 strain of Aspergillus sp. were separated from SSP from Anhui;and only 1 strain of Mucor sp. was separated from SSP from Yunnan. According to the strains category and enzyme activities,No.1 bacillus,No.9 Aspergillus sp.,No.11 and No.14 Mucor sp. were preliminary authenticated as dominant fermentation microorganism,total enzyme activities of the 4 strains were 22.77,25.49,41.32,39.13 U/g respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The fermentive bacteria of SSP from different pro-duction places were different,and the dominant one can be screened preliminary through enzyme activity analysis.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different denture cleansers on the physical and mechanical properties of heat-cured denture base resin.Methods:Heat-curing denture base resin samples were prepared and respectively immersed in Polident,Stera-dent,0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and distilled water for 60 h.The flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured(n =10)using 3-point bending test in a universal testing machine.A surface analyzer was used to measure the surface roughness of each specimen(n =10).Results:There were no significant differences of flexural strength and elastic modulus among Polident,Steradent and distilled water(P >0.05).The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite treatment produced lower flexural strength and elastic modulus than the other cleaners(P <0.05).No statistical significance of roughness was found among the solutions(P >0.05).Conclusion:Both Poli-dent and Steradent don't affect the physical and mechanical properties of the heat-cured acrylic resin.0.5% sodium hypochlorite solu-tion doesn't affect the surface roughness,but decreases the flexural strength and elastic modulus of the resin.

Objective To investigate the disease assessment and prognosis value of serum copeptin level in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods One hundred first diagnosed ACI patients were selected as ACI group. According to the National Institutes of Health stroke score (NIHSS), the ACI patients were divided into mild (NIHSS<7 scores), moderate (NIHSS 7-15 scores) and severe (NIHSS>15 scores). Sixty cases of healthy subjects were selected as control group. The serum copeptin level was measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method in control group and ACI group (onset within 24 h). The NIHSS, Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) and modified Rankin score (mRS) onset within 24 h and 14 d were evaluated in patients with ACI, and the mRS 90 d and 180 d after ACI were evaluated. The neurological impairment was assessed by mRS 180 d after ACI, mRS ≤ 2 scores was good prognosis, ≥ 3 scores was poor prognosis. The correlation was analyzed. Results Among the 100 patients with ACI, mild was in 52 cases, moderate in 34 cases, and severe in 14 cases; good prognosis was in 79 cases and poor prognosis in 21 cases. The serum copeptin levels within 24 h of ACI in mild, moderate and severe patients of ACI group were significantly higher than that in control group:(4.82 ± 1.25), (6.39 ± 2.21) and (9.28 ± 3.82) pmol/L vs. (1.95 ± 0.28) pmol/L. The serum copeptin level within 24 h of ACI in moderate patients was significantly higher than that in mild patients, in severe patients was significantly higher than that in moderate patients, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Within 24 h of ACI , the ASPECTS in moderate and severe patients were significantly lower than that in mild patients:(10.02 ± 2.10) and (6.24 ± 3.05) scores vs. (12.16 ± 0.84) scores, in severe patients was significantly lower than that in moderate patients, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The NIHSS in moderate and severe patients were significantly higher than that in mild patients:(10.68 ± 3.14) and (16.20 ± 4.26) scores vs. (4.35 ± 1.52) scores, in severe patients was significantly higher than that in moderate patients, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The serum copeptin levels within 24 h of ACI and NIHSS in each time point in good prognosis patients were significantly lower than those in poor prognosis patients:(3.52 ± 1.26) pmol/L vs. (8.68 ± 3.06) pmol/L and (5.68 ± 2.11) scores vs. (15.36 ± 3.25) scores, (4.85 ± 1.86) scores vs. (12.60 ± 3.89) scores, (3.68 ± 1.21) scores vs. (6.35 ± 2.96) scores, (2.16 ± 0.75) scores vs. (5.21 ±1.96) scores, and the ASPECTS within 24 h of ACI was significantly higher than that in poor prognosis patients:(11.38 ± 2.21) scores vs. (7.86 ± 2.49) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The single factor Logistic regression analysis results showed that the age, ASPECTS, NIHSS and serum copeptin level were the influencing factors of severity of illness in patients with ACI (OR = 1.21, 5.36, 5.61 and 6.62;95%CI 0.99-1.39, 3.34-9.21, 2.86-7.52 and 1.38-12.64;P=0.04, 0.01, 0.01 and 0.00), and the influencing factors of poor prognosis (OR=1.32, 5.21, 4.86 and 6.82;95%CI 0.84-1.43, 3.52-8.39, 2.62-5.35 and 2.67-11.85;P=0.04, 0.01, 0.01 and 0.00). ROC analysis results showed that the area under curve of NIHSS, serum copeptin level and ASPECTS in predicting poor prognosis in patients with ACI were 0.926, 0.863 and 0.624. In the mild, moderate and severe patients, the serum copeptin level was negative correlated with ASPECTS ( r=-0.682,-0.594 and-0.572;P<0.01), and the serum copeptin level was positively correlated with NIHSS ( r = 0.652, 0.614 and 0.586; P<0.01). Conclusions The serum copeptin level in patients with ACI is significantly elevated. The serum copeptin level is positively correlated with neurologic impairment severity and prognosis in patients with ACI, and it has important significance in evaluating pathogenetic condition and prognosis.