Objective: To explore the association between processed food consumption and anxiety symptoms among college students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of anxiety symptoms in this population. Methods: A cluster random sample of 2 515 first year students from two universities in Yunnan Province was selected to carry out a longitudinal investigation which included a baseline survey (November 2021, T1) and three follow up visits (June 2022, T2; November 2022, T3; June 2023, T4). The food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess processed food consumption, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21, Chinese version) was used to evaluate anxiety symptoms. A generalized estimation equation model was used to analyze the relationship between processed food consumption and anxiety symptoms. Results: The detection rates of T1-T4 anxiety symptoms among college students in Yunnan Province were 29.70%, 36.70%, 37.69% and 38.73 %, respectively, and the corresponding anxiety symptom scores were 4(0,8), 4(0,10), 4(0,12), 2(0,14). After controlling for demographic variables and confounding factors in the generalized estimation equation model, a statistically significant association was found between consumption of carbonated beverages ( β=0.06, 95%CI =0.03-0.08), and other processed snacks ( β= 0.04 , 95%CI =0.01-0.07) ( P <0.05). The stratified analysis by gender showed that the consumption of carbonated beverages ( β=0.08, 95%CI =0.05-0.12) and fast food ( β=0.03, 95%CI =0.00-0.06) was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms in female college students ( P <0.05). There was no significant association between processed food consumption and anxiety symptoms in male college students ( P >0.05). Conclusions Processed food consumption by college students in Yunnan Province may increase the risk of anxiety symptoms, particularly among female students. There is a need to strengthen guidance in respect to processed food consumption, so as to prevent and treat anxiety symptoms.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides on improving postpartum depression in rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal group， postpartum depression group， and low-dose and high-dose groups of E. ulmoides （1.34， 2.68 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in other groups suffered from fear stress to induce postpartum depression model during pregnancy； at the same time of modeling， the administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， while the normal group and postpartum depression group were given physiological saline intragastrically for 21 days. Postpartum behaviors of rats during the experiment were assessed using the open field test， Morris water maze test and sucrose preference test. Additionally， the levels of corticosterone （CORT） in serum， corticotropin releasing factor （CRF） and urocortin （UCN） in hypothalamus， and adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） in hypophysis were detected； meanwhile， the protein expressions of CRF receptor 1 （CRFR1）， CRFR2， and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 （VDAC1） in hippocampal tissue were measured； the proportions of apoptotic cells and JC-1 high potential cells in hippocampal tissue were determined， and the morphology of hippocampal tissue was observed. RESULTS Compared with postpartum depression group， the high-dose group of E. ulmoides showed improvements in appetite， mental state， and hair color in rats； their body weight had increased； the scores of vertical movement， horizontal movement and self-sorting significantly increased； from the 2ed to 4th day avoidance latency significantly shortened， and the times of crossing the platform and the time of crossing the platform Δ 基金项目国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（No.82204789） significantly increased/prolonged （P＜0.05）； the ratio of glucose and water consumption significantly increased at 20 days of pregnancy and 30 days postpartum （P＜0.05）； the levels of CRF， UCN， ACTH and CORT， phagocytic rate， protein expressions of CRFR2 and VDAC1， and the proportion of apoptosis cells in hippocampal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the proportion of JC-1 high potential cells significantly increased （P＜0.05）， and the phenomenon of edema around neuronal cells was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS E. ulmoides can improve postpartum depression by inhibiting excessive activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， decreasing the expression of CRFR2， thereby inhibiting the expression of VDAC1， and decreasing the apoptosis of neuronal cells.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides on improving postpartum depression in rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal group， postpartum depression group， and low-dose and high-dose groups of E. ulmoides （1.34， 2.68 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in other groups suffered from fear stress to induce postpartum depression model during pregnancy； at the same time of modeling， the administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， while the normal group and postpartum depression group were given physiological saline intragastrically for 21 days. Postpartum behaviors of rats during the experiment were assessed using the open field test， Morris water maze test and sucrose preference test. Additionally， the levels of corticosterone （CORT） in serum， corticotropin releasing factor （CRF） and urocortin （UCN） in hypothalamus， and adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） in hypophysis were detected； meanwhile， the protein expressions of CRF receptor 1 （CRFR1）， CRFR2， and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 （VDAC1） in hippocampal tissue were measured； the proportions of apoptotic cells and JC-1 high potential cells in hippocampal tissue were determined， and the morphology of hippocampal tissue was observed. RESULTS Compared with postpartum depression group， the high-dose group of E. ulmoides showed improvements in appetite， mental state， and hair color in rats； their body weight had increased； the scores of vertical movement， horizontal movement and self-sorting significantly increased； from the 2ed to 4th day avoidance latency significantly shortened， and the times of crossing the platform and the time of crossing the platform Δ 基金项目国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（No.82204789） significantly increased/prolonged （P＜0.05）； the ratio of glucose and water consumption significantly increased at 20 days of pregnancy and 30 days postpartum （P＜0.05）； the levels of CRF， UCN， ACTH and CORT， phagocytic rate， protein expressions of CRFR2 and VDAC1， and the proportion of apoptosis cells in hippocampal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the proportion of JC-1 high potential cells significantly increased （P＜0.05）， and the phenomenon of edema around neuronal cells was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS E. ulmoides can improve postpartum depression by inhibiting excessive activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， decreasing the expression of CRFR2， thereby inhibiting the expression of VDAC1， and decreasing the apoptosis of neuronal cells.

Solitary cervical submental nodule is a relatively rare case in clinical procedure and prone to miss diagnosis.Differential diagnosis with various head and neck diseases is necessary.This article reported a case of solitary cervical submental metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma received in the department of surgery,Civil Aviation Shanghai Hospital,Ruijin Gubei Branch,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.The patient came to the outpatient clinic for treatment due to"consciously larger submental tubercle than before".Ultrasound examination revealed suspicious lesions in both the thyroid and submental regions.Ultrasound-guided final needle aspiration biopsy diagnosed as malignant tumor.Surgical resection was performed and the central group lymph nodes dissected Pathological examination confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma with solitary submental metastasis.This article reported the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this case,in order to improve the disease recognition for clinicians,and make differential diagnosis with other rare neck diseases,and avoid missing diagnoses.

This report described one patient of giant polycystic liver and polycystic kidney involving iliac fossa. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed a large polycystic kidney occupying partially iliac fossa space. A decompression of lower pole of original kidney was planned for placing transplanted kidney. During total liver resection plus orthotopic liver transplantation, right polycystic kidney could move up on its own and iliac fossa space was released for placing transplanted kidney smoothly. Polycystic kidney shrunk markedly post-operation. It provided references for surgical planning of combined liver-kidney transplantation for this type of disease.

Objective:To study the effects of titania nanotubes with three different diameters on human gingival fibroblast (HGF).Methods:Three groups of specimens were prepared. Titania nanotubes with diameters of 30, 100, and 200 nm were synthesized on titanium surfaces through electrochemical anodization at 10, 30, and 60 V, respectively. Specimens were assigned into the three groups according to the diameter of the titania nanotubes. Pure smooth titanium without any treatment was set as the control group. HGF were seeded on the surface of the samples. The cell morphology on the specimens was observed with immunofluorescence staining after 2 h, the cell adhesion after 2 d and cell proliferation after 1, 3, and 7 d were detected using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the secretion of type Ⅰ collagen after 7 d was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (each group has three samples for each experiment).Results:HGF on the control group exhibited an oval shape without noticeable extensions. HGF on titania nanotubes with a diameter of 30 nm and titania nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm elongated further and were arranged orderly. HGF on titania nanotubes with a diameter of 200 nm were sparsely distributed without noticeable extensions. Titania nanotubes with a diameter of 30 nm and titania nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm could enhance the cell attachment (0.603±0.021 and 0.773±0.045), and secretion of type Ⅰ collagen [(36.5±9.5) and (47.7±4.5) μg/ml, respectively] compared with the control group whose cell attactment was 0.427±0.057, and secretion of type Ⅰ collagen was (22.2±5.9) μg/ml ( P<0.05). Furthermore, titania nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm showed more cell attchment than titania nanotubes with a diameter of 30 nm did ( P<0.05). Ttania nanotubes with a diameter of 200 nm clearly impaired the cell adhesion (0.250±0.046) and secretion of type Ⅰ collagen [(10.1±3.7) μg/ml] compared with the control group ( P<0.05). At each time point, titania nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm showed the highest cell proliferation, and the amount of cell proliferation was significantly higher than that on the titania nanotubes with a diameter of 200 nm and the control group at each time point ( P<0.05), and was also significantly higher than that on the titania nanotubes with a diameter of 30 nm at day three ( P<0.05). At each time point, titania nanotubes with a diameter of 200 nm showed the lowest cell proliferation, which was significantly lower than that on the control group at each time point ( P<0.05), except that there was no significant difference in the amount of cell proliferation between titania nanotubes with a diameter of 200 nm and the control group at day one ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Titania nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm can improve the HGF attachment, proliferation, and secretion of type Ⅰ collagen.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of pattern of phlegm heat and bowel excess in acute stage of stroke involving meridian-collateral or involving zang-fu organs from the aspects of severity of neurological impairment, pattern distribution at different time points and duration of bowel excess.Methods The basic information,scores of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS), whether bowel qi being unobstructed or not,duration of bowel excess,and pattern distribution at different time points(onset for 1 d to 3 d,onset for 4 d to 7 d and onset for 8 d to 14 d)were inputted based on structured data by using retrospective analysis of medical records in 204 cases of pattern of phlegm heat and bowel excess of stroke involving meridian-collateral(meridian-collateral group)and 217 cases of pattern of phlegm heat and bowel excess of stroke involving zang-fu organs(zang-fu organ group).The clinical characteristics from the data were compared, analyzed and studied.Results The severity of neurological impairment except of conscious state was significantly higher in zang-fu organ group than that in meridian-collateral group(P<0.01).The average duration of unobstructed bowel qi was significantly longer in zang-fu organ group than that in meridian-collateral group(P<0.01), and the percentage of patients with throughout obstructed bowel qi was significantly higher in zang -fu organ group than that in meridian-collateral group in acute stage of stroke.The pattern of phlegm heat and bowel excess showed a decline trend after stroke onset for 1 d to 14 d in meridian-collateral group, and showed an ascending trend after stroke onset for 1 d to 7 d and a decling trend after stroke onset for 8 d to 14 d in zang-fu organ group.The cases of pattern of qi deficiency with blood stasis or pattern of collaterals blocked by wind -phlegm and static blood were significantly higher in meridian-collateral group at 4-14 d than those at 1-3 d,and cases of pattern of wind stirring due to yin deficiency,pattern of phlegm heat and blood stasis or pattern of wind phlegm and blood stasis were significantly higher in zang-fu organ group at 8 -14 d than those at time point 1.Conclusion The duration of pattern of phlegm heat and bowel excess is posi-tively correlated to the severity of stroke,that is,neurological impairment is more serious and duration is longer in patients with pattern of phlegm heat and bowel excess of stroke involving zang -fu organs.

Objective:To investigate the effect of microgroove surfaces of titanium on the adhesion and cell cycle progression of human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs).Methods:Microgroove titanium surfaces were fabricated on silicon plate by photolithography with parallel grooves:1 5,30 and 60 μm in width and 5 μm and 1 0 μm in depth,the groups were denoted as T1 5 /5,T1 5 /1 0,T30 /5,T30 /1 0, T60 /5 and T60 /1 0,respectively.Smooth titanium surfaces (T0)were used as the controls.Surface topography were observed by ES-EM.HGFs were cultured on the microgroove surfaces.Morphology of “contact guidance”was observed by immunofluorescence tech-nique.Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by Flow cytometry.Results:HGFs on the microgroove surfaces had “contact guidance”par-allel to the microgrooves,whereas the cells on T0 were oriented randomly.T60 /1 0 group had the highest percentage of S phase cells, followed by T30 group and T1 5 group,but still higher than that in the control group.In groups with higher groove width (T60 group and T30 group),the increase of groove depth benefited the increase of S phase percentage,while in T1 5 group,the increase of groove width decreased the S phase percentage.Conclusion:Surfaces of microgrooves with different dimensions achieved “contact guidance”for the cultured HGFs.The surfaces with increasing groove width and depth benefit the cell cycle progression.

China ; Female ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Sex Workers

Objective To evaluate early diagnostic value of quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in acute radiation-induced liver injury.Methods Sixty female rats were divided into two groups:50 rats in an experimental group (model group) and 10 rats in a negative control group.The rats in model group were radiated with stereotactic single dose of 20Gy on their liver to establish acute radiationinduced liver injury models.Each 10 rats from model groups and 2 rats from control group were randomly selected and underwent CEUS and histopathological examination on the 3,7,14,21,28 days after radiation.The degree of injury was classified into four groups according to pathological grading:non-injured group,mild injured group,moderated injured group and severe injured group.The dynamic images of CEUS were off-line analysis and the parameters of arrival time of contrast agent to hepatic artery (HAAT),the arrival time of contrast agent to hepatic vein (HVAT),and the transit time of hepatic artery-hepatic vein (HAHVTT) were recorded.Time intensity curve (TIC) of liver parenchyma drawn by the software of quantitative analysis was used to obtain quantitative parameters including time to peak (TTP) and peak intensity (PI).Results Along with the severity degree of radiation-induced liver injury,the quantitative parameters,PI decreased while TTP extended.PI of mild injured group,moderated injured group and severe injured group were lower than that of non-injured group (P ＜0.05).TTP of the three liver injuried groups was higher than non-injured group (P ＜0.05).The quantitative parameters HA-HVTT of moderated injured group and severe injured group were decreased than the non-injured group (P ＜0.05),whereas the difference between mild injured group and non-injured group was not significant.Conclusions Quantitative analysis of CEUS can provide a certain value for early diagnosis in acute radiation-induced liver injury.