Recently, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have transcended the genomic "noise" to emerge as pivotal molecular markers due to their essential roles in tumor progression. Substantial evidence indicates a strong association between snoRNAs and critical clinical features such as tumor pathology and drug resistance. Historically, snoRNA research has concentrated on two classical mechanisms: 2'-O-ribose methylation and pseudouridylation. This review specifically summarizes the novel regulatory mechanisms and functional patterns of snoRNAs in tumors, encompassing transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation. We further discuss the synergistic effect between snoRNA host genes (SNHGs) and snoRNAs in tumor progression. More importantly, snoRNAs extensively contribute to the development of tumor cell resistance as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Accordingly, we provide a comprehensive review of the clinical diagnosis and treatment associated with snoRNAs and explore their significant potential as novel drug targets.

Objective: To study the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VT) in heart failure (HF) patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-D) and identify the influencing factors for VT occurrence, to explore the impact of CRT-D shocks on mortality and the management of appropriate shocks. Methods: A total of 42 patients with successfully implanted CRT-D in our hospital from 2009-01 to 2015-04 were studied. There were 2 groups of patients: Ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=12 including 8 patients for primary prevention and 4 for secondary prevention; Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group,n=30 including 19 patients for primary prevention and 11 for secondary prevention. The patients with appropriate shocks received four step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments, revascularization and radiofrequency ablation (RA). Results: The patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (38.1±24.0) months, 7 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 5 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group were followed-up for (27.5±17.8) months, 11 patients suffered from post-operative VT, 10 patients had CRT-D appropriate shocks. The occurrence rates of post-operative VT and CRT-D appropriate shocks were similar between 2 groups,P>0.05; the success rate for ATP treating VT was higher in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group (69% vs 55%),P<0.05. Cox regression analysis indicated that CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent influencing factor for VT occurrence,P=0.001. During follow-up period, 9 patients with shocks died; the mortality in patients with shocks was higher than those without shocks (43% vs 0%),P<0.05. With four step-wise therapy, 80% patients in Ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks; with three step-wise therapy as drug, equipment parameter adjustments and RA, 90% patients in Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group had no more shocks, 10% patients had reduced shocks. Conclusion: CRT-D as secondary prevention was the independent impact factor for post-operative VT occurrence, no matter appropriate or inappropriate shocks would elevate the risk of death in HF patients. Step-wise therapy was important to reduce appropriate shocks.

Objective:To evaluate the protective immunity by vaccination of BALB/c mice with rLV-HA-GCN4,a recombinant lentivirus expressing the trimeric HA of swine H1N1 influenza virus. Methods:The female mice were randomly divided into rLV-HA-GCN4,rLV-HA,LV and PBS groups. Mice were primed with plasmid and boosted with lentivirus by the administration of intramuscular thigh injections at an interval of two weeks. At day 28 post-prime immunization,mice were inoculated intranasally with 100TCID50 of swine H1N1 influenza virus in a 50 μl volume. The immune levels were assessed by the T lymphocyte transformation test, flow cytometry,indirect ELISA and the indexes of spleen and lung. Results:The spleen lymphocyte transformation rate was 0. 3±0. 11 in the rLV-HA-GCN4 group at day 14 post-boost immunization, showing a statistical significance ( P<0. 01 ) compared to the PBS group. Meanwhile,rLV-HA-GCN4 could cause T lymphocyte response mainly based on the Th1-type CD4+ T cells. The IgG antibody titer reached to 1:8 000 at day 14 post-boost immunization and approximately 1:7 000 at day 14 post challenge. After challenge,the spleen and lung indexes of rLV-HA-GCN4 group were significantly lower than those of PBS group (P<0. 05). The body weight of rLV-HA-GCN4 group demonstrated a slight decrease before 3 days post challenge and then a gradual increase compared to the LV and PBS groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion:rLV-HA-GCN4 can effectively induce cellular and humoral immune response in BALB/c mice against swine H1N1 influenza virus.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovalein treatment of migraine.Methods We studied 23 patients with migraine who were tested positive in Contrast Transcranial Doppler (TCDc) at the Department of Neurology in Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University between 2010 May and 2011 November.Procedures of transcatheterclosure of patent foramen ovale were performed at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery.At varied time points post-surgery,the patients were re-examined by TCDc and transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) and followed up by phone interviewed with Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) questionnaire to elevate improvement of migraine.The data was analyzed statistically.Results Percutaneous closure was successful in all patients without major long-term side-effects.At follow-ups at 48-542 days ((247 ± 145) days) post-surgery,the scores of HIT-6 were reduced to 38-70 (51 ± 9),compared to the pre-operative scores of 42-76 (61 ± 8).Disability by migraine had significantly improved (t =4.80,P ＜ 0.05).In 6 patients with migraine with aura,the scores of HIT-6 were reduced to 46-56 (51 ± 3),from preoperative scores of 63-76 (69 ± 4) and their disability affected by migraine had significantly improved (t =6.80,P ＜0.05).In 17 patients with migraine without aura,the scores of HIT-6 after surgery were reduced to 36-70 (52-10) from the preoperative scores of 42-69 (60 ± 8) and disability affected by migraine in this group had significantly improved (t =3.77,P ＜0.05).Among 18 patients having MRI or CT examination before the operation,8 patients had neurological events (such as cerebral infarction,cerebral ischemia) with average age of (44 ± 7) years old.In this group,disability affected by migraine had significantly improved (the HIT-6 scores:49 ± 7 vs 58 ± 10,t =2.49,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous closure of PFO showed significant improvement in migraine treatment and it is a safe procedure.