Objective To study the injury risk and fatigue status of firefighters with different training postures under load-bearing conditions to reduce the occurrence of physical injuries and occupational diseases.Methods First,a questionnaire was administered to investigate the training injury conditions of firefighters in a fire-rescue brigade.Considering the exercise fatigue factor,which accounts for the highest proportion of injury causes,lower back analysis,static strength analysis,fatigue analysis,comfort analysis,and other human factor analysis tools in Jack software were used to analyze four common firefighter water-shooting training postures.Training postures while climbing a five-storey building with loads and a hooked ladder were also simulated.Results Injury caused by exercise fatigue accounted for 69.8%of injuries and was the most important injury-causing factor.The risk of knee and ankle joint injuries increased in all four water-shooting postures.The comfort levels of the four water-shooting postures from high to low were shoulder,standing,kneeling,and lying postures.For the entire dynamic training process,while climbing the five-storey building with loads and climbing the hooked ladder,firefighters did not have an increased risk of lower back injury but had an increased risk of ankle and knee joint injuries.Conclusions Some training postures are uncomfortable for firefighters,and they experience body discomfort during firefighting training with loads,thereby increasing injury risk.These results provide scientific references for the prevention and reduction of firefighter training injuries,and the formulation of reasonable training plans and targeted protective measures.

Objective To evaluate the scientificity,transparency and applicability of Chinese guidelines and expert consensuses on nursing published in 2022,in order to improve the quality of guidelines and consensuses.Methods Databases including Medline,Embase,Web of Science,CBM,CNKI,WanFang database,Chinese Medical Journal,and related websites were electronically searched,as well as China Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan medical journals,to collect Chinese guidelines and expert consensuses on nursing from January to December 2022.STAR tool was used to evaluate the quality of each guidelines and consensuses by 3 assessors independently.Total score,scoring rate of each domain and item were adopted to analyze the outcomes.Results A total of 3 guidelines and 33 expert consensuses were included.The total guidelines and expert consensuses STAR score(33.5±14.3).The quality of guidelines and consensuses was low.The quality of guidelines was moderate with average score of 55.1,and the quality of consensuses was low with average score of 31.5.The included guidelines and consensuses had a highest score rate(52.4％)in the domain of recommendation.Among 39 items of STAR tool,the top 4 items including listing participants and institutions,explaining additional instructions for implementation,describing consensus method,and listing references for recommendations had a high score rate of 100％,83.3％,77.8％,75.0％respectively.However,the items of registration,providing registration information,protocols being searched on public platforms and explaining the role of funding had a low score rate,urgent need for attention and upgrading.Conclusion The overall quality of the Chinese guidelines and expert consensuses on nursing published in 2022 was low.As a medical and nursing practice guidance document,the quality of guidelines and expert consensuses should be improved by encouraging registration,strengthening management of interest conflict,enhancing the rigor of guideline developing process,and expanding the dissemination.

Standardized reporting is a crucial factor affecting the use of patient guidelines （PGs）， particularly in the reporting and presentation of recommendations. This paper introduced the current status of PG reporting， including the research on PG content and presentation formats， and provided comprehensive recommendations for PG reporting from aspects such as overall framework， recommendations， presentation format， and readability. First， the presentation of PG recommendations should include clearly defined clinical questions， recommendations and their rationale， and guidance on how patients should implement the interventions； for specific content in the PG， such as level of evidence， level of recommendation， it is recommended to explain in text the reasons for giving different levels of recommendation， i.e.， to present the logic behind giving the level of recommendation to the patient； additional information needed in the recommendation framework should be supplemented by tracing references or authoritative textbooks and literature that support the recommendations. Subsequently， the PG text should be written based on the Reporting Checklist for Public Versions of Guidelines （RIGHT-PVG） reporting framework. Finally， to enhance readability and comprehension， it is recommended to refer to the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool （PEMAT） for translating PG content. To enhance the readability of PGs， it is suggested to present the PG content in a persona-lized and layered manner.

Since the concept of patient versions of guidelines （PVGs） was introduced into China， several PVGs have been published in China， but we found that there is a big difference between the concept of PVG at home and abroad， and the reason for this difference has not been reasonably explained， which has led to ambiguity and even misapplication of the PVG concept by guideline developers. By analyzing the background and purpose of PVGs， and the understanding of the PVG concept by domestic scholars， we proposed the term patient guidelines （PGs）. This refers to guidelines developed under the principles of evidence-based medicine， centered on health issues that concern patients， and based on the best available evidence， intended for patient use. Except for the general attribute of providing information or education， which is typical of common health education materials， PGs also provide recommendations and assist in decision-making， so PGs include both the patient versions of guidelines （PVG） as defined by the Guidelines International Network （GIN） and "patient-directed guidelines"， i.e. clinical practice guidelines resulting from the adaptation or reformulation of recommendations through clinical practice guidelines.

At present， the process and methodology of patient guidelines （PGs） development varies greatly and lacks systematic and standardised guidance. In addition to the interviews with PG developers， we have sorted out the relevant methodology for the adaptation and development of existing clinical practice guideline recommendations and facilitated expert deliberations to achieve a consensus， so as to finally put forward a proposal for guidance on the process and methodology for the development of PGs. The development of PGs can be divided into the preparation stage， the construction stage， and the completion stage in general， but the specific steps vary according to the different modes of development of PGs. The development process of Model 1 is basically the same as the patient version of the guideline development process provided by the International Guidelines Network， i.e.， team formation， screening of recommendations， guideline drafing， user testing and feedback， approval and dissemination. The developer should also first determine the need for and scope of translating the clinical practice guideline into a patient version during the preparation phase. Model 2 adds user experience and feedback to the conventional clinical practice guideline development process （forming a team， determining the scope of the PG， searching， evaluating and integrating evidence， forming recommendations， writing the guideline， and expert review）. Based on the different models， we sort out the process and methods of PG development and introduce the specific methods of PG development， including how to identify the clinical problem and how to form recommendations based on the existing clinical practice guidelines， with a view to providing reference for guideline developers and related researchers.

Objective:To investigate the effect of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on uric acid (UA)-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells.Methods:(1) Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, treatment with 3-MA group, hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) group, and HN+3-MA group, with 6 rats in each group. According to the body weight of the rats, adenine (100 mg/kg) and potassium oxonate (1 500 mg/kg) were mixed with distilled water to make a suspension, and the rats were given intragastrically once daily for consecutive 21 days to establish HN rat model. The control group and the 3-MA treatment group were fed an equivalent amount of distilled water. At the same time, the 3-MA treatment group and the HN+3-MA group were intraperitoneally injected with 3-MA (15 mg/kg), and the control group and HN group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of saline once daily for 21 consecutive days. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) was used to observe renal cell apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression and localization of cleaved caspase-3 in renal tissue. (2) Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were stimulated with UA (800 μmol/L), and cells were administrated with different concentrations of 3-MA or Beclin-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.Results:Compared with the normal rats, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in the HN group was significantly increased ( P<0.01), and the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were significantly up-regulated (both P<0.05). Compared with the HN group, the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in the HN+3-MA group was significantly decreased ( P<0.01). In addition, high level of uric acid could significantly increase the levels of apoptosis associated proteins in HK-2 cells (all P<0.05), and using different concentrations of 3-MA or transfecting with Beclin-1 siRNA could significantly reduce the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Autophagy plays an important role in uric acid-induced apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Inhibiting the excessive activation of autophagy may be a new strategy to prevent the progression of HN.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of (histone deacetylase 6, HDAC6) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells and the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and rat renal interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups: control group, Tubastatin A (TA) group (treated with 10 μmol/L HDAC6 inhibitor TA for 36 h), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) group (10 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 36 h), and TGF-β1+TA group (treated with 10 ng/ml TGF-β1 and 10 μmol/L TA for 36 h). The expression levels of fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, E-cadherin, HDAC6, acetyl histone H3, histone H3, acetyl α-tubulin, α-tubulin, TGF-β receptor (TGF-βR) 1, p-Smad3, Smad3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p-EGFR in HK-2 and NRK-49F cell samples were detected by Western blotting, and quantitative analysis was performed according to gray level. Results:(1) In HK-2 cells stimulated by TGF-β1, TA decreased the expression of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen I, and increased the expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin. Meanwhile, TA decreased the expression of HDAC6 and increased the expression levels of acetyl histone H3 and acetyl α-tubulin (all P<0.05). (2) Compared with the TGF-β1 group, the expressions of TGF-βR1, p-Smad3, CTGF and p-EGFR in TGF-β1+TA group were decreased (all P<0.05), while the total protein levels of Smad3 and EGFR were not significantly different (both P>0.05). (3) In NRK-49F cells stimulated by TGF-β1, TA decreased the expressions of fibronectin, α-SMA, collagen I, TGF-βR1 and p-Smad3 (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Blockade of HDAC6 by TA may inhibit the EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells and the activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts via regulating multiple signaling pathways including TGF-β/Smad3, CTGF and EGFR.

Genome reannotation aims for complete and accurate characterization of gene models and thus is of critical significance for in-depth exploration of gene function. Although the availability of massive RNA-seq data provides great opportunities for gene model refinement, few efforts have been made to adopt these precious data in rice genome reannotation. Here we reannotate the rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) genome based on integration of large-scale RNA-seq data and release a new annotation system IC4R-2.0. In general, IC4R-2.0 significantly improves the completeness of gene structure, identifies a number of novel genes, and integrates a variety of functional annota-tions. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are system-atically characterized in the rice genome. Performance evaluation shows that compared to previous annotation systems, IC4R-2.0 achieves higher integrity and quality, primarily attributable to mas-sive RNA-seq data applied in genome annotation. Consequently, we incorporate the improvedannotations into the Information Commons for Rice (IC4R), a database integrating multiple omics data of rice, and accordingly update IC4R by providing more user-friendly web interfaces and implementing a series of practical online tools. Together, the updated IC4R, which is equipped with the improved annotations, bears great promise for comparative and functional genomic studies in rice and other monocotyledonous species. The IC4R-2.0 annotation system and related resources are freely accessible at http://ic4r.org/.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Centurion Vision System for subhixated cataract surgery.Methods Clinical data of 15 eyes with lens subluxation treated with Centurion Vision System were retrospectively reviewed.Ocular variables including visual acuity,intraocular pressure,corneal endothelial cell counts (CEC),central foveal retinal thickness (CFRT),intraocular lens (IOL) position,as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.Results The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.6 or better in 10 eyes (66.7％) 3 months after surgery,while the BCVA of the other 5 eyes was between 0.2 and 0.6 mainly due to pre-existing macular degeneration caused by high myopia or trauma.CEC and CFRT values demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the preoperative and all postoperative follow-ups (all P ＜ 0.05).Three months after surgery,no serious surgeryrelated complications,such as retinal detachment,IOL dislocation,suprachoroidal hemorrhage,macular edema,were observed.Conclusion Centurion Vision System can facilitate phacoemulsification in eyes with subluxated lenses,and this technique is safe and effective due to providing excellent outcomes and avoiding vitreoretinal complications.

Objective To develop training program of evidence implementation(EI) based on PARIHS model and to evaluate the effectiveness on clinical nurses for evidence-based nursing knowledge,attitudes and ability,and to understand the evaluation of participants about the methodological training.Methods A quasi-experiment design was conducted.A 6-month comprehensive evidence implementation training program was developed including methodological lecture,group discussion,EI case analysis,EI project development and implementation,and was carried out among 44 clinical nurses from 11 tertiary hospitals in Shanghai.The participants' EBN knowledge,attitudes and ability were measured by EBN knowledge,attitudes and ability questionnaire at 3 months and 6 months after training.Results Participants' EBN knowledge and ability were significantly improved at 3 months and 6 months after training(P＜0.05),and participants' EBN attitude had no significant difference before and after training (P＞0.05).The level of training satisfaction among participants was higher than 80.0％,and participants had finished 22 evidence implementation programs.Conclusion Evidence implementation training based on PARIHS can enhance clinical nurses' EBN knowledge and ability.Participants' EBN attitude hasn't been significantly improved.Participants have high satisfaction towards methodological training.