Objective:To explore the prognostic value of circulating tumor cell (CTC) for colorectal cancer.Method:We analyze the correlation between CTC and clinicopathological data, survival curve and overall survival.Results:The positive rates of preoperative and postoperative CTC in 181 colorectal cancer patients were 66.3% and 65.7% respectively ( χ2=0.012, P=0.912). The postoperative CTC positive rates for recurrence and non-recurrence of stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer were 29.2% and 8.0%, respectively ( χ2=4.303, P=0.038). The progress free survuval of CTC-positive and CTC-negative in postoperative stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer patients were 28.7 months and 34.0 months, respectively ( χ2=4.096, P=0.043). Conclusion:Postoperative CTC detection has predictive prognostic value for patients with stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of visceral adipose for early major complications after rectal cancer surgery by CT scan.Methods:A retrospective case-control study method was used to recruit a total of 135 patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to June 2018. There were 89 males and 46 females, aged from 30 to 88 years, with a median age of 63 years. The patients were divided into complication group ( n=16) and control group ( n=119) according to whether serious complications occurred within 30 days after operation. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed by using independent sample t-test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M ( Q1, Q3) and analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as constituent ratio, and analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of early severe complications after radical resection of rectal cancer. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to analyze the predictive ability of the model for early severe complications after radical resection of rectal cancer. Results:Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in intraoperative blood loss [100 (62, 187) mL vs 50 (40, 100) mL, Z=-2.038, P=0.042], operation time [(325 (212, 375) min vs 260 (180, 310) min, Z=-2.04, P=0.041)], preoperative blood glucose [4.67 (4.44, 5.09) mmol/L vs 5.20 (4.80, 5.72) mmol/L, Z=-3.33, P=0.001] and visceral fat area/subcutaneous fat area (V/S) (1.23±0.54 vs 0.96±0.40, t=-2.39, P=0.018) between the complication group and the control group. Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that V/S ratio ( OR=3.978, 95% CI: 1.160-13.636, P=0.028) and preoperative blood glucose level ( OR=0.168, 95% CI: 0.055-0.512, P=0.002) were independent risk factors for early major complications after radical resection of rectal cancer. Conclusions:Visceral fat and preoperative blood glucose level are independent risk factors for early major complications after radical resection of rectal cancer, V/S is expected to be a predictor of early major complications after radical resection of rectal cancer.

Objective:To explore whether there are gender differences in clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of young patients with rectal cancer (under 50 years old), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of young patients with rectal cancer.Methods:The medical records of 85 young rectal cancer patients admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. According to gender, they were divided into male group ( n=50) and female group ( n=35). The age was (43.67±5.50) years old, ranging from 26 to 50 years old. Primary outcome measures were sex, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Secondary outcomes were family history, body mass index (BMI), clinical stage, anemia, whether the female patient was menopausal, whether the female patient took oral estrogen, the location of the primary lesion, whether neoadjuvant therapy was performed, pathological stage, whether accompanied with vascular nerve invasion, and whether postoperative adjuvant therapy was performed. R4.0.2 software was used for statistical analysis. The measurement data with normal distribution in the collected data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and the comparison between groups was analyzed by t test. Count data were expressed as constituent ratio, and analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference in survival rate was tested by Log-rank test. Factors with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included in COX proportional regression model for multivariate analysis to screen independent risk factors affecting overall survival. Results:Compared with male patients, a higher proportion of young female patients with rectal cancer were diagnosed with anemia before surgery (42.9% vs 22.0%, P=0.040). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 94.3%, 80.0% and 68.6% in young female patients, and 98.0%, 90.0% and 90.0% in young male patients, respectively. The median disease-free surival was 31.6 months for women and 34.4 months for men. Multivariate analysis showed that female( HR=3.799, 95% CI: 1.312-11.002, P=0.014)and BMI( HR=0.846, 95% CI: 0.724-0.989, P=0.036)were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of young patients with rectal cancer. Conclusions:Young female patients have a worse prognosis than male patients. Female and BMI are independent risk factors for the prognosis of young rectal cancer patients, and gender should be the key research object of observation in young rectal cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of obstruction on the prognosis and possible mechanisms in colorectal cancer patients.Methods:Among 1574 cases of colorectal cancer who were treated in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2003 to December. 2014, 194 cases had preoperative intestinal obstruction. Firstly, described the clinical characteristics of 194 patients with obstruction, then COX multivariate regression analysis was performed on the 1574 colorectal cancer cohort to confirm whether the preoperative obstruction was independent predictor for the overall survival. Finally, propensity score matching method was used to match obstruction and non-obstruction cases, then compared overall survival difference.Results:In 194 cases of obstructive colorectal cancer, 60.3% and 37.1% of the tumors were located in the left and right respectively. The 55.7% of the patients had tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter, the median survival time was 39.7 months (95% CI: 28.3-60.4). Multivariate COX analysis, after adjusted for related confounding factors, found that preoperative obstruction is still an independent risk factor for poor prognosis ( HR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.97). After propensity score matching, 140 and 560 patients were included in the obstructive group and the non-obstructive group. The two groups were more balanced in most baseline characteristics. The median survival time of the two groups was 42.4 and 116.3 months ( P<0.001), the overall survival of obstructive patients was significantly worse than that of non-obstructive patients. Conclusions:Preoperative obstruction is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. This may be due to the difficulty of surgery and low radical cure rate for obstructive colorectal cancer.

Objective:To examine the prognosis factors for non-reversal of defunctioning ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery.Methods:The data of 234 patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical resection and defunctioning ileostomy in the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2013 to June 2020 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 166 males and 68 females, aging ( M(IQR)) 62(12) years (range: 33 to 89 years). Telephone following-up was conducted intensively in July 2021 to investigate whether stoma was reversed, causes of reversal failure, and tumor recurrence or metastasis after surgery. The non-reversal stoma was defined as stoma not being reversed during the follow-up period (more than 12 months). The χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact test was used to conduct a univariate analysis of clinical data related to reversal failure, and the factors with P<0.05 were selected into Logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 165 patients received stoma reversal postoperatively with an interval time of (6.5±2.4) months (range: 0.9 to 17.8 months), but 69 patients failed to closure of stoma. Univariate analysis showed that age, concomitant diseases, surgical methods, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, tumor maximum diameter, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, anastomotic-related complications, postoperative tumor local recurrence or distant metastasis were associated with non-reversal of diverting ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age ( OR=2.270, 95% CI: 1.150 to 4.479, P=0.018), open surgery ( OR=7.249, 95% CI: 1.977 to 26.587, P=0.003), preoperative hemoglobin<120 g/L ( OR=3.092, 95% CI: 1.566 to 6.105, P<0.01), anastomotic-related complications ( OR=4.375, 95% CI: 1.686 to 11.349, P=0.002), postoperative local recurrence or distant metastasis ( OR=7.065, 95% CI: 2.591 to 19.264, P<0.01) were independent prognosis factors for reversal failure of defunctioning stoma in rectal cancer surgery. Conclusions:There is a high risk of reversal failure of defunctioning ileostomy among rectal cancer patients with age>65 years, open surgery, preoperative hemoglobin<120 g/L, anastomotic-related complications, postoperative local recurrence or distant metastasis. Colorectal surgeons should fully evaluate the outcome and risk of reversal failure before making a decision of diverting ileostomy. Reducing anastomotic complications is helpful to the successful return of preventive ileostomy.

Objective:To examine the prognosis factors for non-reversal of defunctioning ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery.Methods:The data of 234 patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical resection and defunctioning ileostomy in the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2013 to June 2020 was analyzed retrospectively. There were 166 males and 68 females, aging ( M(IQR)) 62(12) years (range: 33 to 89 years). Telephone following-up was conducted intensively in July 2021 to investigate whether stoma was reversed, causes of reversal failure, and tumor recurrence or metastasis after surgery. The non-reversal stoma was defined as stoma not being reversed during the follow-up period (more than 12 months). The χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact test was used to conduct a univariate analysis of clinical data related to reversal failure, and the factors with P<0.05 were selected into Logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Results:A total of 165 patients received stoma reversal postoperatively with an interval time of (6.5±2.4) months (range: 0.9 to 17.8 months), but 69 patients failed to closure of stoma. Univariate analysis showed that age, concomitant diseases, surgical methods, preoperative hemoglobin, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, tumor maximum diameter, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, anastomotic-related complications, postoperative tumor local recurrence or distant metastasis were associated with non-reversal of diverting ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age ( OR=2.270, 95% CI: 1.150 to 4.479, P=0.018), open surgery ( OR=7.249, 95% CI: 1.977 to 26.587, P=0.003), preoperative hemoglobin<120 g/L ( OR=3.092, 95% CI: 1.566 to 6.105, P<0.01), anastomotic-related complications ( OR=4.375, 95% CI: 1.686 to 11.349, P=0.002), postoperative local recurrence or distant metastasis ( OR=7.065, 95% CI: 2.591 to 19.264, P<0.01) were independent prognosis factors for reversal failure of defunctioning stoma in rectal cancer surgery. Conclusions:There is a high risk of reversal failure of defunctioning ileostomy among rectal cancer patients with age>65 years, open surgery, preoperative hemoglobin<120 g/L, anastomotic-related complications, postoperative local recurrence or distant metastasis. Colorectal surgeons should fully evaluate the outcome and risk of reversal failure before making a decision of diverting ileostomy. Reducing anastomotic complications is helpful to the successful return of preventive ileostomy.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of continuous transversus abdominis plane (CTAP) block and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in abdominal surgery postoperatively.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and other English and Chinese databases were searched since their establishment to February 2021 with "continuous/modified, transversus/transverse abdominis plane block, TAP block, patient controlled analgesia, patient-controlled analgesia, patient controlled intravenous analgesia, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, PCA/PCIA/IV-PCA" as the search keywords. According to the analgesia treatment methods, patients were divided into continuous transversus abdominis plane block group (CTAP group) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia group (PCIA group). Review Manager 5.4 software was used to conduct a Meta-analysis on outcome indicators such as postoperative nausea and (or) vomiting (PONV), dizziness, pain score and recovery status after abdominal surgery. Risk ratio ( RR) was calculated for counting data, Mean ± SD was calculated for measurement data. Heterogeneity was measured by I2, and related data were analyzed by using either a fixed effects model or a random effects model. Results:(1) The results of literature search: A total of 6 randomized controlled trials, including 2 published in English and 4 published in Chinese were analyzed, involving 479 patients. The results of the Meta-analysis: Compared with PCIA, CTAP block had lower incidence of PONV ( RR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.62, P<0.01), lower incidence of dizziness ( RR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.79, P=0.02), lower pain scores on movement at 24 h ( MD=-0.75, 95% CI: -1.42--0.08, P=0.03) and 48 h ( MD=-0.68, 95% CI: -1.05--0.31, P<0.001) postoperatively, and earlier time of first mobilization ( MD=-0.49, 95% CI: -0.69--0.30, P<0.001) and first exhaust ( MD=-10.47, 95% CI: -13.53--7.41, P<0.001), with statistically significant differences. However, there were no statistically significant differences in pain scores at rest at 24 h ( MD=-0.25, 95% CI: -0.57-0.08, P=0.14) and 48 h ( MD=-0.15, 95% CI: -0.39-0.09, P=0.22) postoperatively and postoperative length of hospital stay ( MD=-1.01, 95% CI: -2.28-0.26, P=0.12). Conclusion:CTAP block is a relatively safe and effective analgesic method, and it′s more consistent with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and can be recommended as an alternative method of PCIA.

Objective:To analyze the negative effect of prolonged postoperative ileus on postoperative recovery in patients underwent open alimentary tract surgery.Methods:This study was a retrospective cohort study. The subjects of the study were patients who underwent open gastrointestinal surgery at the General Surgery Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from October 2016 to November 2018. According to the PPOI diagnostic criteria proposed by the University of Auckland, the included patients were classified as PPOI Group ( n=14) and non-PPOI group ( n=112). The postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay and medical expenses during hospitalization were selected as the study endpoint indicators. T-test or Fisher′s exact test were performed to compare the differences between the two groups, and linear regression analysis was used to explore the independent effects of PPOI on hospital stay and medical expenses. Results:The incidence of PPOI in this study cohort was 11.1%. The total postoperative complications occurred more frequent in PPOI group (64.29% vs 38.39%, P=0.08). The average postoperative hospital stay of patients in the PPOI group was longer than that in non-PPOI group [(21.21±14.83) d vs (13.98±14.21) d, P=0.070]. Adjusting for various possible confounding factors, the PPOI regression coefficient beta (95% CI) that affects the length of hospital stay was [-0.43 (-7.16, 6.3), P=0.90]. The average medical cost of patients in the PPOI group was more than that in non-PPOI group [(104 389.64±52 427.66)元比(79 111.41±50 832.29)元, P=0.070]. Adjusting for various possible confounding factors, the PPOI regression coefficient beta (95% CI) that affects medical expenditure was [-134.12 (-21656.85, 21388.62), P=0.99]. Conclusions:Prolonged postoperative ileus leads to delayed postoperative recovery, which is related to increased postoperative complications, hospital stay duration and medical cost. But it needs further confirmation from large sample data.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors of Krukenberg tumors derived from the gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, so as to guide comprehensive treatment; looking for objective and sensitive indicators of ovarian metastasis during the follow-up after the surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer, which provides a basis for early diagnosis.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 75 patients diagnosed with Krukenberg tumor admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2007 to February 2020. Log-rank method and COX regression analysis were used to find independent prognostic factors. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the dynamic changes of ovarian imaging and tumor markers and to find the more sensitive indicators in the follow-up of patients with metachronous metastasis.Results:In the 75 cases, the univariate analysis suggested that CA19-9≥123.5 U/mL ( P=0.001), CA12-5≥37.9 U/mL ( P=0.018), Krukenberg tumor of stomach origin ( P=0.037), extra-ovary metastasis ( P=0.014), and without cytoreductive surgery (CRS) ( P<0.001)were poor prognostic factors. Among them, cytoreductive surgery could significantly improve the prognosis, even if with visible residual lesions, the overall survival was still significantly longer than those who have not undergone cytoreductive surgery ( P=0.004). Multivariate analysis results showed that CA19-9 and cytoreductive surgery ( P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors for patients with Krukenberg tumor; during the postoperative follow-up, ultrasound and CT imaging changes were more sensitive to ovarian metastasis ( P=0.006). Conclusions:CRS can prolong significantly the overall survival (OS) of patients with krukenberg tumor. Patients with simultaneous metastases should not give up the opportunity for surgery, and patients with metachronous metastases should also receive ovary resection procedure, even if with visible residual lesions, the patients can still benefit from the procedure. In the follow-up for gastric and colorectal cancer, attention should be paid to the ovarian ultrasound and CT imaging changes to facilitate early detection of ovarian metastases.

Objective:To evaluate the value of 2D-3D registration method which combines improved mutual information and image pyramid.Methods:The continuous image representation of the cubic B-spline curve and Parzen histogram estimation were fused into the algorithm. The chest was used as the research object. The reconstruction of the orthogonal X-ray image generated by the radiographic image and the image after a certain transformation with itself were used for registration experiments to study the registration accuracy and time.Results:After 50 sets of controlled experiments, compared with the traditional registration method, the displacement accuracy of this method in the X and Y directions was improved by 53.39% and 21.33%, and the registration time was shortened by 91.93%. Compared with the modified algorithms in recent years, the displacement accuracy of the improved algorithm in the X and Y directions was increased by 17.65% and 13.79%. And the registration time was further increased by 19.64%.Conclusions:This method can effectively improve the registration accuracy and efficiency of 2D and 3D images, and both meet the requirements of image registration within 2 mm during surgery. The high efficiency and accuracy of this method provide beneficial information for clinical diagnosis and radiotherapy automation, which also lays the foundation for tumor position error correction and automatic positioning of medical robotic arms.