The tissue distribution of Qingfei Paidu Decoction was studied by HPLC-MS/MS in vivo. Hypersil GOLD C_(18) column(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.9 μm) was used for gradient elution with acetonitrile as the mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase B. High-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion scanning mode and multiple response monitoring(MRM) mode was employed to analyze the behaviors of the active components of Qingfei Paidu Decoction in diffe-rent tissues. The results showed that 19, 9, 17, 14, 22, 19, 24, and 2 compounds were detected in plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine, and brain, respectively. The compounds belonged to 8 groups, covering 14 herbs in the prescription. After administration with Qingfei Paidu Decoction, the compounds were rapidly distributed in various tissues, especially in the lung, liver, large intestine, and kidney. The majority of the compounds displayed secondary distribution. This study comprehensively analyzed the distribution rules of the main active components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction and provided a basis for the clinical application.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Distribution ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of systemic allergic reactions induced by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients undergoing SCIT injections in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Methods: This is a single center retrospective cohort study. Using the outpatient information system of PUMCH, the demographic information and injection-related reaction data of patients undergoing SCIT injection in Allergy Department of PUMCH from December 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to count the incidence and risk factors of systemic allergic reactions caused by SCIT. Mann-Whitney nonparametric test or chi-square test was used for single-factor analysis, and multiple logistic regression was used for multiple-factor analysis. Results: A total of 2 897 patients received 18 070 SCIT injections in Allergy Department during the four years, and 40 systemic allergic reactions occurred, with the overall incidence rate of 0.22%. The incidence of systemic allergic reaction was 0.37% when using imported dust mite preparation and 0.15% when using domestic multi-component allergen preparation. The risk factors significantly related with SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions in patients using imported dust mite preparation were age less than 18 years old (OR=3.186,95%CI: 1.255-8.085), highest injection concentration (OR value could not be calculated because all patients with systemic reactions were injected with highest concentration), and large local reaction in previous injection (OR=22.264,95%CI: 8.205-60.411). The risk factors for SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions in patients using domestic allergen preparation were 5 or more types of allergens (OR=3.455,95%CI: 1.147-10.402), highest injection concentration (OR=3.794,95%CI: 1.226-11.740) and large local reaction in previous injection (OR=63.577,95%CI: 22.248-181.683). However, SCIT injection in pollen allergic patients during the pollen season did not show a correlation with systemic allergic reaction. Conclusion: The incidence of SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions was low in the Chinese patient population of this study. Patients with one or more risk factors, such as multiple allergen injection, highest injection concentration, large local reaction in previous injection, should be given high attention and vigilance against systemic allergic reactions.
Humans ; Allergens ; Asian People ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Hypersensitivity/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of systemic allergic reactions induced by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients undergoing SCIT injections in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Methods: This is a single center retrospective cohort study. Using the outpatient information system of PUMCH, the demographic information and injection-related reaction data of patients undergoing SCIT injection in Allergy Department of PUMCH from December 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to count the incidence and risk factors of systemic allergic reactions caused by SCIT. Mann-Whitney nonparametric test or chi-square test was used for single-factor analysis, and multiple logistic regression was used for multiple-factor analysis. Results: A total of 2 897 patients received 18 070 SCIT injections in Allergy Department during the four years, and 40 systemic allergic reactions occurred, with the overall incidence rate of 0.22%. The incidence of systemic allergic reaction was 0.37% when using imported dust mite preparation and 0.15% when using domestic multi-component allergen preparation. The risk factors significantly related with SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions in patients using imported dust mite preparation were age less than 18 years old (OR=3.186,95%CI: 1.255-8.085), highest injection concentration (OR value could not be calculated because all patients with systemic reactions were injected with highest concentration), and large local reaction in previous injection (OR=22.264,95%CI: 8.205-60.411). The risk factors for SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions in patients using domestic allergen preparation were 5 or more types of allergens (OR=3.455,95%CI: 1.147-10.402), highest injection concentration (OR=3.794,95%CI: 1.226-11.740) and large local reaction in previous injection (OR=63.577,95%CI: 22.248-181.683). However, SCIT injection in pollen allergic patients during the pollen season did not show a correlation with systemic allergic reaction. Conclusion: The incidence of SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions was low in the Chinese patient population of this study. Patients with one or more risk factors, such as multiple allergen injection, highest injection concentration, large local reaction in previous injection, should be given high attention and vigilance against systemic allergic reactions.
Humans ; Allergens ; Asian People ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Hypersensitivity/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) is a congenital disease caused by single gene germline mutation related to the immune system. PID patients have immune dysregulation, and are susceptible to infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, and malignant tumors. The first symptom of some PID patients is atopic disease, therefore they go to the department of allergy, department of pediatrics and other relevant departments. How to identify and diagnose PID in allergic patients, to reduce diagnosis delay and prevent disease aggravation are the abilities that allergists, pediatricians, and doctors in other relevant departments need to master. This article summarizes the warning signs of PID in allergic patients and the mechanism of allergy combined with PID, and then summarizes the common types of PID in allergic patients, the evaluation, treatment and prevention in patients with PID and allergy.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Child ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/therapy* ; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases/therapy*

The present study established an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of two active components in Qingfei Paidu Granules and investigated the transfer rates of neohesperidin and naringin in the preparation process to provide references for improving the quality control standard and production of Qingfei Paidu Granules.RP-HPLC was performed on a YMC Triart C_(18) column(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm)with column temperature of 30 ℃, acetonitrile(A) and 0.2% phosphoric acid solution(B) as mobile phases for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1) and detection wavelength of 284 nm.Good linearity was observed for naringin at 0.10-1.0 μg(R~2=0.999 9) and neohesperidin at 0.12-1.2 μg(R~2=0.999 9).The average recovery of naringin was 99.52% with an RSD of 1.2%, and that of neohesperidin was 100.8% with an RSD of 1.2%.The transfer rates of naringin and neohesperidin between medicinal materials, extracts, concentrates, and granules were measured by this method.The average transfer rate of naringin from medicinal materials to granules was 54.89%±4.38%, and that of neohesperidin was 57.63%±5.88%.The process from medicinal materials to extracts was presumedly the key link affecting the whole preparation process.The established method is simple and sensitive and can be adopted for the quality control of Qingfei Paidu Granules.Meanwhile, it can be used to investigate the transfer rate of neohesperidin and naringin in the preparation of Qingfei Paidu Granules, and further improve the quality control standard of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in Qingfei Paidu Granules.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Flavanones ; Hesperidin/analogs & derivatives*

UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was developed for the identification of chemical constituents in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which will clarify its material basis. ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 chromatography column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) was used with 0.1% formic acid(B)-acetonitrile(A) as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The decoction was detected by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry equipped with an ESI ion source in positive and negative mode. Based on the accurate mass measurements, retention time, mass fragmentation patterns combined with comparison of reference and literature reports, a total of 87 major compounds including 43 flavonoids, 9 alkaloids, 4 triterpenoid saponins, 1 sesquiterpene, 2 coumarins, 10 phenolic acids and 18 other compounds were tentatively screened and characterized. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS was employed to comprehensively elucidate the chemical components in Qingfei Paidu Decoction, which basically covered 20 Chinese medicines except gypsum in Qingfei Paidu Decoction. These collective results provide a scientific basis for further research on the quality control standard of Qingfei Paidu Decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry

Platelets are one of essential components of mammalian blood and play an important role in physiological and pathological reactions such as hemostasis, inflammatory response, thrombosis and rejection of organ transplantation. Platelet activation signal is the main physiological transmission mechanism that activates and induces platelets to play a physiological role, which has been the research focus in the field of physiological research in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed the new mechanisms of adhesion receptor-mediated calcium elevation, the new ideas of platelet activation mediated by pattern recognition receptors, and the new concept in platelet cGMP signaling and some other new researches.

Objective To evaluate the application of 43-plex SNP typing system in forensic science. Methods The typing of 43 SNP loci in 123 unrelated Han individuals from East China was detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. The application value of 43-plex SNP typing system was assessed according to the foren-sic parameters of population genetics. Results All the 43 SNP loci of 123 individuals showed no signifi-cant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Excepted rs1355366, rs2270529, rs10776839 and rs938283, there were 39 SNP loci had minor allele frequencies (MAF), which were greater than 0.25. Among the 25 loci MAFs, 24 ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, while 3 were close to 0.4. The DP, CDP, PIC, Ho, PEtrio and PEduo of the 43 SNP loci were 0.2901-0.6544, 1-9.8×10-11, 0.1708-0.5000, 0.1557-0.5935, 0.0854-0.2500 and 0.0146-0.1250, respectively. The CPEtrio and CPEduo were 0.999986 and 0.9924361, respectively. Conclusion The 43-plex SNP typing system in present study shows a high polymorphism, which can be an effective supplement and verification for traditional STR genetic markers. It also can be used with other commercial kits for the forensic paternity testing and individual identification.

OBJECTIVES: To select a Y-STR marker system with strong haplotype identification ability, appropriate mutation rate and high compatibility and to assess its forensic application. METHODS: The 24 Y-STR loci were tested by self-built fluorescent multiplex system, and the forensic assessment was conducted by 139 pairs of father-son samples collected in Jinan, Shandong province. RESULTS: Totally 176 alleles were identified among the 24 Y-STR loci in the sample of 139 unrelated individuals labeled with father, and the gene diversity （GD） distributed between 0.083 7 （DYS645）-0.966 9 （DYS385a/b）. According to the 24 Y-STR loci, 139 different haplotypes were detected from 139 unrelated male individuals labeled with father in Han population of Shandong province and with no shared haplotype observed. The overall haplotype diversity （HD） was 1 and the discrimination capacity （DC） was 1. A total of 5 one-step mutations events were observed among the 24 Y-STR loci in 139 pairs of father-son. The average mutation rate was 0.001 5 [95% CI （0.000 5, 0.003 5）]. CONCLUSIONS The system of 24 Y-STR loci shows a strong individual recognition ability and low mutation rate in the population in Jinan, Shandong province, and it has good application value in forensic science.
Alleles ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Forensic Genetics ; Forensic Sciences ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation Rate ; Population Groups

BACKGROUNDNontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) bloodstream infection (BSI) is relatively rare. We aimed in this study to evaluate the clinical characteristics, laboratory evaluation, and outcomes of patients with NTM BSI.

METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of inpatients with NTM BSI at our institution between January 2008 and January 2015 and recorded clinical parameters including age, gender, underlying disease, clinical manifestation, organs involved with NTM disease, species of NTM, laboratory data, treatment and outcome of these patients. We also reviewed the reported cases and case series of NTM BSI by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Wanfang databases. Data of normal distribution were expressed by mean ± standard deviation (SD). Data of nonnormal distribution were expressed by median and interquartile range (IQR).

RESULTSAmong the ten patients with NTM BSI, the median age was 51 years (IQR 29-57 years) and three patients were males. Eight patients were immunocompromised, with underlying diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (one patient), rheumatic diseases (two patients), breast cancer (one patient), myelodysplastic syndrome (two patients), and aplastic anemia (two patients). Other organ(s) involved were lung (two patients), endocardium (two patients), brain, spinal cord, and soft tissue (one each patient). The median lymphocyte was 0.66 × 109/L (IQR 0.24-1.93 × 109/L). The median cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count was 179/mm3 (IQR 82-619/mm3). Five patients died (three with hematological diseases, one with breast cancer, and one with rheumatic disease), three recovered, and two were lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSWe reported all cases in our hospital diagnosed with bloodstream NTM infection that was rarely reported. In this group of patients, patients usually had a high fever and could have multiple organ involvements. All patients with poor prognosis had underlying diseases.

Adult ; Bacteremia ; diagnosis ; pathology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers