Aim To explore the effects of Lycium berry seed oil on Nrf2/ARE pathway and oxidative damage in testis of subacute aging rats. Methods Fifty out of 60 male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were subcutaneously injected with 125 mg • kg"D-galactosidase in the neck for 8 weeks to establish a subacute senescent rat model. The presence of senescent cells was observed using P-galactosidase ((3-gal), while testicular morphology was examined using HE staining. Serum levels of testosterone (testosterone, T), follicle-stimulating hormone ( follicle stimulating hormone, FSH ) , luteinizing hormone ( luteinizing hormone, LH ) , superoxide dis-mutase ( superoxide dismutase, SOD ) , glutathione ( glutathione, GSH) and malondialdehyde ( malondial-dehyde, MDA) were measured through ELISA, and the expressions of factors related to aging, oxidative damage, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway were assessed via immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting. Results After successfully identifying the model, the morphology of the testis was improved and the intervention of Lycium seed oil led to a down-regulation in the expression of [3-gal and -yH2AX. The serum levels of SOD, GSH, T, and FSH increased while MDA and LH decreased (P 0. 05) . Additionally, there was an up-regulated expression of Nrf2, GCLC, NQOl, and SOD2 proteins in testicular tissue ( P 0. 05 ) and nuclear expression of Nrf2 in sertoli cells. Conclusion Lycium barbarum seed oil may reduce oxidative damage in testes of subacute senescent rats by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.

Humans ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Hypertension/drug therapy* ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use*

Demyelination of the central nervous system often occurs in neurodegenerative diseases， such as multiple sclerosis （MS）. The myelin sheath， a layer of myelin membrane wrapping the axon， plays a role in the rapid conduction and metabolic coupling of impulses for neurons. The exposure of the axon will lead to axonal degeneratio， and further neuronal degeneration， which is the main cause of dysfunction and even disability in patients with demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to the demyelination of mature myelin sheath， remyelination disorder is also one of the major reasons leading to the development of the diseases. The myelin sheath is composed of oligodendrocytes （OLs） derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells （OPCs） which are differentiated from neural stem cells （NSCs）. The process of myelin regeneration， i.e.， remyelination， is the differentiation of NSCs into OLs. Recent studies have shown that this process is regulated by a variety of genes. MicroRNAs， as important regulators of neurodegenerative diseases， form a complex regulatory network in the process of myelin regeneration. This review summarizes the main molecular pathways of myelin regeneration and microRNAs involved in this process and classifies the mechanisms and targets. This review is expected to provide a theoretical reference for the future research on the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting the regulation of microRNAs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Jiaohong pills （JHP） and its prescription， Pericarpium Zanthoxyli （PZ） and Rehmanniae Radix （RR） cognitive dysfunction in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice and its mechanism through pharmacodynamic and metabolomics study. MethodThe animal model of AD induced by scopolamine was established and treated with PZ， RG and JHP， respectively. The effects of JHP and its formulations were investigated by open field test， water maze test， object recognition test， avoidance test， cholinergic system and oxidative stress related biochemical test. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of cerebral cortex was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole/Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）. ResultThe behavioral data showed that， compared with the model group， the discrimination indexes of the high dose of JHP， PZ and RR groups was significantly increased （P<0.05）. The staging rate of Morris water maze test in the PZ， RR， high and low dose groups of JHP was significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the crossing numbers in the PZ， JHP high and low dose groups were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）； the number of errors in the avoidance test were significantly reduced in the PZ and high-dose JHP groups （P<0.01）， and the error latencies were significantly increased in the JHP and its prescription drug groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the activities of acetylcholinesterase in the cerebral cortex of the two doses of JHP group and the PZ group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the activity of acetylcholinesterase in the high-dose JHP group was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and the level of acetylcholine was significantly increased （P<0.01）. At the same time， the contents of malondialdehyde in the serum of the two dose groups of JHP decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of metabolomics study of cerebral cortex showed that 149 differential metabolites were identified between the JHP group and the model group， which were involved in neurotransmitter metabolism， energy metabolism， oxidative stress and amino acid metabolism. ConclusionJHP and its prescription can antagonize scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction， regulate cholinergic system， and reduce oxidative stress damage. The mechanism of its therapeutic effect on AD is related to the regulation of neurotransmitter， energy， amino acid metabolism， and improvement of oxidative stress.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions of recombinant human growth hormone on dwarfism in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.Methods Children with dwarfism in primary nephrotic syndrome were divided into control group and treatment group.Patients in control group were orally administered prednisone acetate tablets,with an initial dose of 2 mg·kg-1·d-1,at once,no more than 60 mg in a single day,and after a duration of 6 weeks of full dosage,the dosage was reduced by 2.5 mg every 2 weeks until the maintenance dose of 5-10 mg·d-1 was administered for 12 months.Patients in treatment group were injected subcutaneously with recombinant human growth hormone 0.15 U·kg-1 at 0.5 h before bedtime every night on the basis of control group for a period of 12 months.The levels of height,bone age,standard deviation fraction of height(HtSDS),insulin-like serum growth factor 1(IGF-1),insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3(IGFBP-3),and the incidence of adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results There were 63 cases in control group and 63 cases in treatment group.The height of the children in treatment group and control group after treatment were(146.48±6.76)and(138.62±4.95)cm;the HtSDS values were-1.72±0.18 and-1.97±0.20;the IGF-1 values were(158.86±18.24)and(113.14±15.88)ng·mL-1;IGFBP-3 values were(5.21±0.83)and(3.13±0.71)μg·mL-1,the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse drug reaction in treatment group and control group were 9.52％(6 cases/63 cases)and 3.17％(2 cases/63 cases),with no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Recombinant human growth hormone has a definite clinical efficacy,high safety,and effective promotion of growth and development in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children with dwarfism.

Atopic dermatitis(AD)is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease.For decades,the treatment of AD has been limited to local corticosteroid or calcineurin inhibitors,and light therapy or systemic immunosuppressive drug for moderate to severe AD patients.With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of AD,many local and systemic targeted therapy drugs are being developed,which may change the treatment options of AD.This review combination with the latest clinical trials give a summarize on the type,mechanism,efficacy and safety of biological targeted therapy for AD,to provide a theoretical basis for the individualized treatment of AD.

Objective To analyze the literature on methotrexate(MTX)in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)from the perspective of bibliometric analysis,and to understand the research status and future research trend.Methods Literature related to MTX treatment of children with ALL was retrieved from CNKI,and CiteSpace 6.1.R6 Advanced software was applied to the literature for trend of number of publications,keyword co-occurrence,keyword clustering and keyword emergence.Results A total of 205 literatures were included,and the number of published papers fluctuated.The main research hotspots of using MTX to treat children with ALL were"high-dose administration"and"adverse drug reactions",and future research trends will focus on"gene detection"and"therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)".Conclusion MTX played an important role in the treatment of children with ALL,and research on MTX treatment for children with ALL focused on high-dose administration and adverse drug reactions of MTX in recent years.

Objective:To explore the impact of health self-focused attention on knowledge, attitude and practice of health management in patients with essential hypertension.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 190 patients with essential hypertension were randomly selected from Shanghai Dapuqiao Community Health Service Center to participate in a questionnaire survey from October to December, 2021. The contents of the questionnaire included the general information of the patients, the degree of influence of hypertension on individuals, and the patients′ knowledge and personal cognition of hypertension, self-management behaviors, health self-focused attention, and blood pressure control. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to develop a structural equation model for analysis.Results:The recovery rate of questionnaires was 100.0% (190/190). Of the 190 patients, there were 82 males and 108 females with a mean age of (71.2±8.5) years. According to blood pressure, 190 hypertensive patients were divided into blood pressure controlled group ( n=119) and blood pressure non-controlled group ( n=71). There were significant differences in the total scores of hypertension self-management behavior and health self-focused attention between the two groups ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the degree of influence of hypertension on individuals was negatively correlated with the disease knowledge and personal cognition, and the performance of hypertension self-management behavior ( r=-0.39 and -0.28, P<0.01), while the disease knowledge and personal cognition were positively correlated with the performance of hypertension self-management behavior and health self-focused attention ( r=0.29 and 0.27, P<0.01). Hypertension self-management behavior was positively correlated with health self-focused attention and blood pressure control ( r=0.28 and 0.48, P<0.01), and health self-focused attention was positively correlated with blood pressure control ( r=0.21, P<0.01). The equation model analysis showed that health self-focused attention had a driving effect on patients′ disease knowledge and cognition and self-management behavior. Health self-focused attention significantly affected patients′ mastery of disease knowledge and formation of correct cognition (path coefficient=0.28). In addition, hypertension patients′ disease knowledge storage and internal recognition of prevention and treatment strategies determined their self-management behavior (path coefficient=0.20). On the other hand, the impact of hypertension on patients life, work and economic burden played a negative role in their acceptance of disease management knowledge, formation of correct concepts, and adoption of self-management behaviors with adjustment coefficients of -0.48 and -0.22, respectively. Conclusion:Health self-focused attention may play an initial role in the process of changing the knowledge, attitude and behavior of hypertension patients.

Background::Findings on the association of genetic factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) survival are limited and inconsistent, and revealing the mechanism underlying their prognostic roles is of great importance. This study aimed to explore the relationship between functional genetic variations and the prognosis of CRC and further reveal the possible mechanism.Methods::We first systematically performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Then, the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to filter out the survival-related eQTL target genes of CRC patients in two public datasets (TCGA and GSE39582 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database). The seven most potentially functional eQTL single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with six survival-related eQTL target genes were genotyped in 907 Chinese CRC patients with clinical prognosis data. The regulatory mechanism of the survival-related SNP was further confirmed by functional experiments.Results::The rs71630754 regulating the expression of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 ( ERAP1) was significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC (additive model, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.88, P = 0.012). The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the A allele of the rs71630754 could increase the binding of transcription factor 3 (TCF3) and subsequently reduce the expression of ERAP1. The results of bioinformatic analysis showed that lower expression of ERAP1 could affect the tumor immune microenvironment and was significantly associated with severe survival outcomes. Conclusion::The rs71630754 could influence the prognosis of CRC patients by regulating the expression of the immune-related gene ERAP1. Trial Registration::No. NCT00454519 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/)

Objective:To understand the epidemiology of rubella and the genetic characteristics of the virus circulating during the period 2021-2022, providing basic scientific data for rubella prevention and control in China.Methods:National rubella incidence data for the period 2021-2022 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System module and the Surveillance Report Management module of the China′s Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Positive rubella virus(RuV)isolates were obtained from the National Measles/Rubella Laboratory Network. Two nucleotide (nt) fragments [F1-480 (8 633-9 112 nt) and F2-633 (8 945-9 577 nt)] located in the E1 gene were amplified and determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the target gene (E1-739) was obtained after collating and splicing. The sequences obtained in this study were used to construct a phylogenetic tree with the reported reference strains for genotype and lineage identification. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis was performed to assess their genetic relatedness of RuV strains prevalent in China during 2018-2020 from GenBank database.Results:In 2021-2022, the rubella incidence in China was 0.06/100, 000 (2021: 840 cases; 2022: 784 cases), with cases primarily concentrated in the western and southern provinces. Age distribution analysis showed that rubella cases in 2021-2022 was mainly in children under 5 years of age (2021: 34.17%, 287/840; 2022: 42.09%, 330/784), with the highest proportion in children aged 0-2 years. Further analysis of the immunization history of cases revealed that in the 8-23 months age group, a significant proportion of cases had received only one dose of rubella containing vaccine (RCV); cases in the 2-14 years age group were mainly among children who had received two or more doses of RCV; however, cases over 15 years of age were primarily found in individuals who had not received RCV or had unknown immunization history. National virological surveillance data showed that totally 22 RuV virus isolates were obtained, from 6 provinces in China during 2021-2022, which belonged to lineage 1E-L2 (11 strains) and 2B-L2c (11 strains). And these viruses displayed high genetic homology with RuV prevalent from 2018 to 2020.Conclusions:The incidence of rubella in China was maintained at a low level during 2021-2022, and the prevalent RuV strains were lineage 1E-L2 and 2B-L2c.