ObjectiveTo optimize the processing technology of honey bran-fried Rosae Laevigatae Fructus（h-RLF）， formulate relevant quality standards， and explore its improving effect and mechanism on mice with ulcerative colitis（UC） induced by dextran sodium sulfate（DSS）. MethodsTaking the content of polysaccharides and water-soluble extract as the indexes， L₉（3⁴） orthogonal test was used to optimize parameters of the amount of honey bran， frying time and frying temperature. The quality of 15 batches of h-RLF decoction pieces was evaluated according to the optimized process， and the inspection limit standard was preliminarily drawn up. Eighty SPF male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 8 groups， including the blank group， model group， mesalazine group（0.13 g·kg^-1）， RLF group（3.77 g·kg^-1）， bran-fried RLF group（3.77 g·kg^-1）， h-RLF low， medium and high dose groups（1.89， 3.77， 7.54 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The mice in the blank group were free to drink pure water， and the other groups were free to drink 3% DSS solution for 7 days to prepare UC mouse model. Each treatment group was given corresponding drugs by intragastric administration， and the blank and model groups were given equal volume of normal saline. The body weight of mice was recorded daily and the disease activity index（DAI） was calculated. After the administration， the colon tissues of mice were collected to observe the pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-6 and IL-10 in the colon of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of phosphorylation nuclear transcription factor-κB p65（p-NF-κB p65）， Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）， p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase（p-p38 MAPK）， p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase（p-ERK） and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase（p-JNK） proteins in colon tissues. ResultsThe optimum processing technology of h-RLF was 20 g honey bran per 100 g RLF， and stir-frying at 200 ℃ for 8 min. The limit standard under the examination of h-RLF was preliminarily formulated as follows：the polysaccharide content should not be less than 25% based on anhydrous glucose（C₆H₁₂O₆）， the content of water-soluble extract should not be less than 38%， the moisture content should not be more than 12.0%， the total ash content should not be more than 5.0%， and the acid-insoluble ash content should not be more than 1.0%. The cluster heat map analysis showed that the quality of RLF from Huanggang， Hubei province was better. Animal experiments showed that compared with the blank group， the DAI score of the model group was significantly increased， the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in the colon tissue were significantly increased， the IL-10 level was significantly decreased， the colonic mucosa was seriously damaged， accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration， tissue congestion and a significant reduction in glands， and the expression levels of p-NF-κB p65， TLR4， p-p38 MAPK， p-ERK and p-JNK proteins were significantly increased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， each administration group could alleviate the symptoms of colonic ulcer， the structure of colonic crypt was basically intact， and the glands were arranged in an orderly manner. Among them， the high-dose group of h-RLF had a better effect， which could significantly reduce the DAI score and the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β and IL-6 in colon tissue（P<0.01）， and significantly increase the level of IL-10（P<0.01）， alleviate the colonic mucosal injury， and effectively inhibit the expression levels of p-NF-κB p65， TLR4， p-p38 MAPK， p-ERK and p-JNK proteins（P<0.01）. ConclusionThe key parameters of the processing technology of h-RLF are determined， and the optimized technology is stable and feasible. The established quality standard is simple and reliable， and can be used for the quality control. h-RLF can effectively alleviate DSS-induced UC， and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB/TLR4/MAPK pathway.

α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)is widely expressed in the central nervous system and immune system,and plays a neuro-immunoregulatory role.On the one hand,α7nAChR is involved in the transmission of neurotransmitters,the conduction of excitatory signals and the maintenance of synaptic plasticity,which is of great significance for maintaining the normal and stable neurocognitive function.On the other hand,as an important part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway,α7nAChR is involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes such as inflammatory response,oxidative stress,apoptosis and autophagy in the central system,and plays an immunomodulatory and neuroprotective role,thus being potential target for improving perioperative neurocognitive function.This article reviews the biological characteristics of α7nAChR and its effect on perioperative neurocognitive function,in order to provide ideas and methods for clinical improvement of perioperative neurocognitive function in surgical patients.

Fermentum Rubrum（FR） is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with dual-use functions of medicine and food， which has been used for more than 1 000 years. By referring to the ancient herbal classics and modern laws and regulations， the author sorted out the origin of FR， sorted out the development of processing， and analyzed the problems existing in the quality standard， aiming to provide a basis for further research and development of FR. There are many theories about the origin of FR. After summarizing and sorting out the relevant literature， three viewpoints are mainly drawn， including Han dynasty origin theory， Wei and Jin origin theory and Tang dynasty origin theory. After synthesizing the views of various schools， it is believed that the origin of FR should be no later than the Eastern Han dynasty. FR is made from rice by fermentation， which has the effect of strengthening the spleen， eliminating food， promoting blood circulation and removing stasis after fermentation. Although the natural fermentation in ancient times has been able to pay attention to the influence of temperature， humidity and strain on the quality of FR， due to the low level of science and technology， there are still problems such as complicated and cumbersome process， large workload and high labor cost. To the pure fermentation in modern times， the fermentation processing method of FR has been evolved， gradually improved and perfected. However， due to the lack of standardized research， there is no unified standard for the fermentation process of FR in various regions， and the quality standard lags behind seriously， which leads to the unstable product quality on the market. Among the 15 specifications for the preparation of FR， only 6 have been published in the past 5 years， and most of them have not been revised in a timely manner， and some of them have not been included in the updated version. Based on this， it is recommended to carry out a systematic study on processing technology of FR， and the best process is selected to accelerate the revision and improvement of its standardization， so as to improve the quality of FR sold in the market and promote its stable and sustainable development.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HEMO-FISS-QoL(HF-QoL) questionnaire (HF-QoL-C) in the Chinese population with hemorrhoids.Methods:From November 2021 to November 2022, a self-constructed general information questionnaire, HF-QoL-C, and the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Goligher classification, and Giordano severity of hemorrhoid symptom questionnaire (GSQ) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 760 hemorrhoid patients in the anorectal department of six hospitals. The data was analyzed for reliability and validity using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 26.0 software.Results:The Cronbach's α coefficient of HF-QoL-C and its dimension ranged from 0.831 to 0.960, and the split coefficient was 0.832-0.915. Four common factors were extracted through principal component exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable structural validity( χ2/ df=8.152, RSMEA=0.097, CFI=0.881, IFI=0.881, NFI=0.867). HF-QoL-C was correlated with SF36 and GSQ( r=-0.694, 0.501, both P<0.01). There were differences in the total score and dimensional scores of HF-QoL-C between surgical and drug treated patients, different grades of Goligher classification for hemorrhoidal disease, and different ranges of hemorrhoid prolapse (all P<0.001). No ceiling effect was found in the total score and the scores of each dimension(0.3%-2.0%). There was a floor effect in both psychological function and sexual activity dimensions (16.7%, 35.1%). Conclusion:HF-QoL-C has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the quality of life of Chinese hemorrhoid patients.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of admission serum homocysteine levels and quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) indicators for adverse outcomes in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 89 patients, who were collected as the study objects with hemorrhagic stroke treated in the neurology intensive care unit at Kailuan General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge: a good prognosis group (mRS≤2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS 3-6). Clinical data and qEEG monitoring of various brain regions were collected. The impact factors of hemorrhagic prognosis were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression. ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of qEEG and admission homocysteine levels for adverse outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke patients.Results:(1) The age of the poor prognosis group was higher than that of the good prognosis group((66.51+13.64) to (60.53+11.69), t=2.15, P=0.034) and admission serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group (17.28(15.52,24.72)mmol/L to 14.50(10.28,16.00)mmol/L, Z=4.14, P<0.001). (2) In the poor prognosis group, power values of δ brain waves in leads Fp1-2, F4, C4, P4, F8, and T4 were higher than those in the good prognosis group (87.99(41.57,196.69) to 50.67(26.64,54.75), Z=2.76, P=0.006); (79.17(40.71,200.00) to 45.06(20.22,61.00), Z=2.10, P=0.036); (72.64(34.97,219.78) to 34.42(19.81,63.4), Z=2.03, P=0.043); (65.06(33.36,177.45) to 28.12(15.88,63.36), Z=2.08, P=0.038); (52.92(25.64,187.91) to 23.61(11.67,43.26), Z=2.21, P=0.027); (66.67(32.56,180.76) to 36.31(17.2,53.78), Z=2.46, P=0.014); (57.30(25.24,127.04) to 29.57(11.91,41.89), Z=2.26, P=0.024). Power values of θ brain waves in leads Fp1-2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3-4, O1, F7-8, and T3-4 were higher in the poor prognosis group(77.45(47.63,138.72)比35.88(20.92,44.81), Z=3.50, P<0.001); (77.05(35.16,120.22) to 38.74(19.86,58.09), Z=2.27, P=0.023); (85.24(52.53,147.90) to 35.42(14.7,52.59), Z=2.61, P=0.009); (75.81(37.90,124.97) to 36.85(17.92,55.43), Z=2.30, P=0.021); (72.00(43.92,123.54) to 28.37(14.02,51.9), Z=2.22, P=0.027); (67.08(32.01,104.05) to 31.32(17.98,45.28), Z=2.10, P=0.035); (55.33(32.29,94.30) to 25.64(11.87,34.01), Z=2.24, P=0.025); (48.84(20.64,96.28) to 19.85(9.83,28.58), Z=2.30, P=0.022);(48.46(25.06,81.78) to 23.95(8.80,29.16), Z=2.51, P=0.012); (64.46(39.38,112.44) to 26.85(15.74,39.58), Z=2.80, P=0.005); (65.68(31.78,102.00) to 31.09(15.98,46.96), Z=2.38, P=0.017); (45.26(28.34,73.14) to 21.45(10.57,36.59), Z=2.04, P=0.042); (43.50(22.58,78.67) to 25.45(11.91,32.26), Z=2.22, P=0.027). Power values of slow-wave index in leads Fp1-2, F3-4, C3-4, P4, F7-8, and T4, as well as the overall brain average, were higher in the poor prognosis group (6.64(2.98,10.42) to 3.65(2.31,4.30), Z=2.65, P=0.01); (6.53(3.96,11.65) to 3.53(2.56,4.51), Z=2.30, P=0.022); (7.38(4.62,13.12) to 3.83(1.70,4.71), Z=2.38, P=0.017); (5.88(4.02,12.15) to 3.18(2.21,4.46), Z=2.29, P=0.022); (6.13(3.83,11.22) to 2.97(1.53,4.58), Z=2.01, P=0.044); (6.07(3.53,9.39) to 2.74(2.00,3.81), Z=2.40, P=0.016);(4.11(2.51,9.23) to 2.18(1.37,2.82), Z=2.25, P=0.024); (5.71(3.81,10.44) to 3.22(1.86,4.04), Z=2.28, P=0.023); (6.00(3.65,10.37) to 3.04(2.00,4.00), Z=2.39, P=0.017); (4.08(2.56,8.33) to 2.08(1.60,3.14), Z=2.50, P=0.013), with significant statistical differences noted (5.45(3.31,10.08) to 3.17(2.02,4.88), Z=3.62, P=0.005). (3) Logistic regression results showed that admission homocysteine levels ( OR 1.311,95% CI 1.008-1.705, P=0.044), admission NIHSS scores ( OR 1.588,95% CI 1.074-2.349, P=0.020), and overall brain average slow-wave index were influencing factors for poor prognosis in cerebral hemorrhage ( OR 8.596,95% CI 1.088-67.889, P=0.041). (4) ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC for predicting adverse outcomes in cerebral hemorrhage was 0.768 (95% CI (0.665, 0.872)) for admission homocysteine levels, 0.743 (95% CI (0.634, 0.852)) for the overall brain average slow-wave index, and 0.896 (95% CI (0.827, 0.965)) for admission NIHSS. The cutoff values were 15.67, 3.62, and 8.5, respectively. Sensitivity was 77.8%, 71.1%, and 68.9%, and specificity was 59.4%, 68.7%, and 100%, respectively. The Youden indices were 0.372, 0.398, and 0.689. Conclusion:In the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage, electroencephalographic physiological changes manifest shows an increase in the δ, θ, and slow-wave index throughout the entire brain. Higher admission homocysteine levels suggest a worse prognosis in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Admission homocysteine levels and overall brain average slow-wave index have certain predictive value for adverse outcomes in acute cerebral hemorrhage.

Using China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and PubMed database, literature search was conducted with the keywords ^“pregnancy^” and ^“monkeypox^”, and 27 related research articles were selected for analysis. Through a comprehensive review of the related literature, we aim to improve our knowledge of this viral disease, better our prevention, treatment and responses to future monkeypox outbreaks in China, so as to better protect the safety of mothers and infants. Maternal monkeypox can be prevented and controlled, if active and effective measures are taken in time. Drawing on the experience and lessons from monkeypox outbreaks at home and abroad, it is suggested that hospitals and public health agencies at all levels should raise awareness, and establish an effective emergency preparedness system for the prevention and control of potential future outbreaks.

Objective To explore the effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of linezolid in mice and provide pharmacokinetic evidence for the formulation of safe drugs for clinical use of pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Fifty male KM mice were randomly divided into 2 groups:Control group,rifampicin group;the control group was given 15 mg·kg-1 linezolid;the rifampicin group was given 100 mg·mL-1 rifampicin,continuous administration for 7 days,followed by gavage,administration of 15 mg·kg-1 linezolid;blood and lung tissue were collected from mouse at different time points after administration.High performance liquid mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)was used to determine plasma concentration of linezolid and compared the pharmacokinetics between groups.Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 2.0 software.Results Main pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma linezolid in control group,rifampicin group were as follows:AUC0_t were(23.88±1.16)and(19.06±2.56)pg·mL-1·h,respectively;t1/2 were((1.15±0.11)and(1.11±0.10)h,respectively;Cmax were(9.93±0.46)and(7.74±1.17)μg·mL-1,respectively.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the lungs in the control group and the rifampicin group were as follows:AUC0_t were(18.76±4.29)and(14.90±1.52)μg·mL-1·h,respectively;t1/2 were(1.94±0.50)and(1.44±0.07)h,respectively;Cmax were(8.28±2.67)and(6.82±1.57)μg·mL-1,respectively.AUC0_t and Cmax in plasma and AUC0_t in lung tissue of control group were significantly different from those of rifampicin group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion After the combination of rifampicin,linezolid plasma and lung tissue exposure decreased significantly,and attention should be paid to monitoring linezolid trough concentration when the two drugs were combined to avoid treatment failure caused by low effective concentration.

Background::Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death from prostate cancer (PCa) in recent decades, bringing a great disease burden worldwide. Men with preexisting CVD have an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events when treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk evaluation of CVD among people with newly diagnosed PCa in China.Methods::Clinical data of newly diagnosed PCa patients were retrospectively collected from 34 centers in China from 2010 to 2022 through convenience sampling. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and others. CVD risk was estimated by calculating Framingham risk scores (FRS). Patients were accordingly divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. χ2 or Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables. Results::A total of 4253 patients were enrolled in the present study. A total of 27.0% (1147/4253) of patients had comorbid PCa and CVD, and 7.2% (307/4253) had two or more CVDs. The enrolled population was distributed in six regions of China, and approximately 71.0% (3019/4253) of patients lived in urban areas. With imaging and pathological evaluation, most PCa patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, with 20.5% (871/4253) locally progressing and 20.5% (871/4253) showing metastasis. Most of them initiated prostatectomy (46.6%, 1983/4253) or regimens involving ADT therapy (45.7%, 1944/4253) for prostate cancer. In the present PCa cohort, 43.1% (1832/4253) of patients had hypertension, and half of them had poorly controlled blood pressure. With FRS stratification, as expected, a higher risk of CVD was related to aging and metabolic disturbance. However, we also found that patients with treatment involving ADT presented an originally higher risk of CVD than those without ADT. This was in accordance with clinical practice, i.e., aged patients or patients at advanced oncological stages were inclined to accept systematic integrative therapy instead of surgery. Among patients who underwent medical castration, only 4.0% (45/1118) received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, in stark contrast to the grim situation of CVD prevalence and risk.Conclusions::PCa patients in China are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A heavy CVD burden was present at the initiation of treatment. Patients who accepted ADT-related therapy showed an original higher risk of CVD, but the awareness of cardiovascular protection was far from sufficient.

Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of biological organisms,with inherent differences in composition and interactions with exogenous substances,known as cellular heterogeneity.Single cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(SC-ICP-MS)allows for the high-throughput introduction of individual cells,enabling the highly sensitive detection and quantification of elements within a single cell,thus effectively providing information on cellular heterogeneity.This review outlined the SC-ICP-MS sample preparation process for different types of cells(single-cell systems,aggregation-prone and adherent cell systems,animal tissues,and plant tissues),including steps such as separation,washing,and fixation,as well as the advantages and existing issues of the current sample introduction systems and quantification methods.The recent applications of SC-ICP-MS in detecting endogenous substances(endogenous elements and proteins),exogenous substances(heavy metals,metal-based drugs and nanoparticles),and the simultaneous detection of both endogenous and exogenous substances were summarized.Finally,the perspectives on the future development of SC-ICP-MS in analytical methods and application fields were presented,including the optimization of single-cell sample preparation,transport efficiency,evaluation standards of ionization efficiency,and the establishment of multiparametric cell analysis platforms.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum lipid levels of total cholesterol(TC)and triglyceride(TG)and the survival prognosis in postoperative patients with early lung cancer,and to observe the effect of Fuzheng Quxie Prescription on serum lipid levels in postoperative patients with early lung cancer,so as to explore the mechanism of Fuzheng Quxie Prescription in improving the survival prognosis of postoperative patients with early lung cancer.Methods The correlation of serum TC and TG levels with survival prognosis of 257 postoperative patients with early lung cancer admitted in Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2010 to December 2015 was retrospectively analyzed.The changes of serum TC and TG levels in postoperative patients with early lung cancer before and after treatment with Fuzheng Quxie Prescription were statistically analyzed.From January 2017 to April 2021,a prospective analysis of the one-year,two-year,three-year and four-year disease-free survival rates and serum TC and TG levels was carried out in 281 postoperative patients with early lung cancer treated with Fuzheng Quxie Prescription orally in Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(treatment group)and in 287 postoperative patients with early lung cancer who were followed up in clinic while had no medciation in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital(control group).Results(1)The retrospective study showed that pre-treatment TC level was correlated with progression-free survival(PFS)in postoperative patients with early lung cancer,and the patients with high TC level had longer PFS.There was no significant correlation between pre-treatment TG level and PFS in postoperative patients with early lung cancer.The patients with high TG level had higher short-term survival rate while the patients with low TG level had higher long-term survival rate.(2)The prospective study showed that there were nine cases of recurrence in the treatment group and 24 cases of recurrence in the control group till the last follow-up time on April 1,2021.The one-year,two-year,three-year and four-year disease-free survival rates in the treatment group were 99.3％,96.8％,95.7％and 95.7％,respectively,which were superior to 97.6％,92.3％,89.2％and 87.1％in the control group(P＜0.05),indicating that the recurrence and metastasis in the postoperative patients with early lung cancer treated by Fuzheng Quxie Prescription were significantly reduced when compared with the control group,and the disease-free survival rate was significantly improved.After treatment,the serum levels of TC and TG in the treatment group were increased when compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05)while the control group showed no obvious changes(P＞0.05).The intergroup comparison showed that the increase of serum TC and TG levels in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05),indicating that Fuzheng Quxie Prescription had regulatory effect on the blood lipid level of patients to a certain extent.Conclusion The analysis of the correlation between pre-treatment blood lipids and PFS prognosis in postoperative patients with early lung cancer indicated that lung cancer patients with high TC level had longer PFS;Fuzheng Quxie Prescription can regulate the blood lipid level of postoperative patients with early lung adenocarcinoma.It is speculated that Fuzheng Quxie Prescription may improve the survival prognosis of postoperative patients with early lung cancer probably by regulating the blood lipid level of the patients.