Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

Purpose: Cancer has become a significant major public health concern, making the discovery of new cancer markers or therapeutic targets exceptionally important. Elevated expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression has been observed in certain types of cancer. This project aims to investigate the function of TNFRSF12A in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Various websites were utilized for conducting the bioinformatics analysis. Tumor cell lines with stable knockdown or overexpression of TNFRSF12A were established for cell phenotyping experiments and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice. RNA-seq was employed to investigate the mechanism of TNFRSF12A. Results: TNFRSF12A was upregulated in the majority of cancers and associated with a poor prognosis. Knockdown TNFRSF12A hindered the colorectal cancer progression, while overexpression facilitated malignancy both in vitro and in vivo. TNFRSF12A overexpression led to increased nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signaling and significant upregulation of baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3), a transcription target of the NF-κB member RELA, and it was experimentally confirmed to be a critical downstream factor of TNFRSF12A. Therefore, we speculated the existence of a TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis in colorectal cancer. Conclusion TNFRSF12A is upregulated in various cancer types and associated with a poor prognosis. In colorectal cancer, elevated TNFRSF12A expression promotes tumor growth, potentially through the TNFRSF12A/RELA/BIRC3 regulatory axis.

To promote the development of extracellular vesicles of herbal medicine especially the establishment of standardization, led by the National Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, research experts in the field of herbal medicine and extracellular vesicles were invited nationwide with the support of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, Professional Committee on Extracellular Vesicle Research and Application, Chinese Society of Research Hospitals and the Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. Based on the collation of relevant literature, we have adopted the Delphi method, the consensus meeting method combined with the nominal group method to form a discussion draft of "Consensus statement on research and application of Chinese herbal medicine derived extracellular vesicles-like particles (2023)". The first draft was discussed in online and offline meetings on October 12, 14, November 2, 2022 and April and May 2023 on the current status of research, nomenclature, isolation methods, quality standards and research applications of extracellular vesicles of Chinese herbal medicines, and 13 consensus opinions were finally formed. At the Third Academic Conference on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles, held on May 26, 2023, Kewei Zhao, convenor of the consensus, presented and read the consensus to the experts of the Expert Committee on Research and Application of Chinese Herbal Vesicles. The consensus highlights the characteristics and advantages of Chinese medicine, inherits the essence, and keeps the righteousness and innovation, aiming to provide a reference for colleagues engaged in research and application of Chinese herbal vesicles at home and abroad, decode the mystery behind Chinese herbal vesicles together, establish a safe, effective and controllable accurate Chinese herbal vesicle prevention and treatment system, and build a bridge for Chinese medicine to the world.

Objective To explore the improvement value of Peiyuan Tongnao capsule on nerve function in patients.Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of patients with ischemic stroke was performed.Control group was treated for 12 weeks by oral aspirin enteric-coated tablets(100 mg,qd each time),intravenous infusion of low molecular dextran 500 mL(qd),oral atorvastatin calcium 20 mg(qd);the treatment group was treated with Peiyuan Tongnao capsule 1.8 g(tid)for 12 weeks on the basis of the control group.After 12 weeks of treatment,clinical efficacy,neurological function[National Institutes of Health Neurological impairment(NIHSS)score],traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,laboratory indexes[calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP),plasma D-dimer(D-D),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR)],and hemorheological indexes[whole blood viscosity,platelets aggregation rate,fibrinogen(FIB),blood sedimentation rate(ESR)]were compared between the two groups,and incidence of adverse drug reactions during treatment.Results After 12 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of treatment group and control group was 77.50％(31 cases/40 cases)and 55.00％(22 cases/40 cases),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment,the NIHSS scores of treatment group and control group were(6.09±1.03)and(10.23±2.03)points;the TCM syndrome scores were(12.57±2.82)and(15.78±3.12)points;CGRP levels were(35.47±6.24)and(30.12±6.11)pg·mL-1;D-D levels were(0.31±0.09)and(0.56±0.11)mg·mL-1;NLR levels were 4.76±1.23 and 3.06±0.91;whole blood viscosity were(3.11±0.62)and(3.74±0.84)mPa·s-1;platelet aggregation rate were(48.21±5.11)％and(54.69±6.31)％;FIB level were(2.41±0.32)and(3.11±0.49)g·L-1;ESR were(18.11±2.06)and(23.45±2.15)mm·h-1,respectively.The above indexes in treatment group were significantly different from those in control group(all P＜0.05).There were 6 cases of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group,and the incidence of adverse drug reactions was 15.00％,while 8 cases in the control group,and the total incidence of adverse drug reactions was 20.00％,the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Conventional treatment combined with Peiyuan Tongnao capsule has better efficacy than conventional treatment for ischemic stroke,which can improve nerve function and hemorheology and improve clinical efficacy.

The current situation of artificial intelligence(AI)was introduced when applied in the key links of cardiovascular health management such as risk prediction,early screening,clinical decision support and health consultation and education.The deficiencies of AI during the application were analyzed,and the prospects and development directions of AI in cardiovascular health management were pointed out.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(2):92-96]

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

This study was aimed at investigating the pathogenic and molecular characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)in fecal samples of diarrhea cases in a district of Beijing.Fecal samples from diarrhea cases in an outpatient department in a district of Beijing from 2018 to 2021 were collected,and used for isolation and culture of KP.The KP strains isolated strains were subjected to drug resistance phenotype testing and whole-genome sequencing.Multilocus sequence typing and whole-genome phyletic evolution analysis were performed on the sequencing results.The cases'epidemiological and clinical characteristics were analyzed.From 2018 to 2021,1 103 fecal samples were collected and detected.The total detection rate of KP was 10.43％(115/1 103),and the infection rate of KP mixed with other diarrhea-causing pathogens was 42.61％(49/115).The positivity rate was slightly high(12.47％,61/489)a-mong females and was highest in young adults 16-45 years of age.Small peaks were observed in January,April to May,and August to September.The gastrointestinal symptoms in cases were mainly nausea and watery stool,and the suspicious food was unknown.Ampicillin,tetracycline,and sulfafurazole were the top three antibiotics to which these 115 KP strains showed resistance,and 29 strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics.The strains were divided into 72 sequence types,among which ST23 was dominant.According to the phylogenetic tree,the strains were divided into four main branches,among which 14 ST23 strains had a very close genetic relationship with the highly virulent NTUH-K2044 reference strain.KP infection persisted in fecal samples from diarrhea cases in the district of Beijing.Women and young adults were particularly susceptible.The drug resistance of KP strains in this region was very serious,and the ST types were diverse.Moreover,the ST23 pathogenic strains were closely related to high virulence strains.

Objectives:To explore the causal relationship between body mass index,uric acid and congestive heart failure(CHF),and provide genetic evidence to support the association between uric acid-mediated body mass index and the risk of CHF. Methods:Using the published data set of genome-wide association studies(GWAS)in East Asia,inverse variance weighting(IVW)method was used as the main analysis method,and MR-Egger method,weighted median model(WME),simple model and weighted model were used to analyze the causal relationship between body mass index,uric acid and CHF.MR-Egger regression was used to detect pleiotropy,Cochran Q test was used to detect heterogeneity,leave-one-out sensitivity was used to detect bias,funnel plot was drawn to detect bias,and MR-PRESSO package was used to remove outlier single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP).After Mendelian analysis,the mediating effect ratio was calculated,and the reverse Mendelian randomization study results between body mass index,uric acid and CHF were analyzed. Results:IVW method showed that body mass index(OR=1.685,95%CI:1.417-2.003,P<0.001)and uric acid(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.087-1.380,P<0.001)were risk factors of CHF in two-sample Mendelian analysis.Body mass index(OR=1.204,95%CI:1.139-1.273,P<0.001)was a risk factor for uric acid.The mediating effect of uric acid was 7.23%.The P values of MR-Egger regression intercept terms were all>0.05,that is,there was no pleiotropy of the selected SNP,and the causal inference method was valid.The Cochran Q test P values of body mass index and uric acid,and body mass index and CHF were<0.01,indicating heterogeneity.IVW analysis of CHF and body mass index in reverse Mendelian analysis was OR=0.977,95%CI:0.947-1.008,P>0.05 and CHF and uric acid was OR=1.000,95%CI:0.963-1.038,P>0.05,so the reverse causal inference was not valid.However,the analysis of uric acid and body mass index showed pleiotropy,so the causal inference method was invalid. Conclusions:There is a causal and positive correlation between body mass index and CHF.There is a causal relationship and positive correlation between uric acid and CHF.However,uric acid is an incomplete mediator between body mass index and CHF.

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs.Extracel-lular vesicles(EVs),including exosomes,microparticles and apoptotic bodies,are released by most types of cells and carry nucleic acids,proteins and lipids,which play a crucial role in communication among cells.In SLE,extracellular vesicles can act as autoadju-vants to enhance the formation of immune complexes and maintain inflammatory states.In this review,the biological origin and mes-senger role of EVs in cell communication are reviewed,and the research progress of EVs in immune regulation and pathogenesis in SLE is highlighted.