ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Shaoyaotang in the prevention and treatment of colitis-associated carcinogenesis （CAC） based on myeloid-derived suppressor cells （MDSCs）-related immunosuppressive microenvironment. MethodsA total of 140 six-week-old SPF FVB male mice were randomly divided into seven groups： Blank group， Shaoyaotang without model group （7.12 g·kg^-1）， model group， sulfasalazine group （0.52 g·kg^-1）， Shaoyaotang low-dose group （3.56 g·kg^-1）， Shaoyaotang medium-dose group （7.12 g·kg^-1） and Shaoyaotang high-dose group （14.24 g·kg^-1）， with 20 mice in each group. The blank control group and the Shaoyaotang without model group received a single intraperitoneal injection of physiological saline （10 mg·kg^-1）， while the other five groups were given a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane （AOM） （10 mg·kg^-1）. After 1 week， the mice were given drinking water containing 2% dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） for 1 week， followed by normal drinking water for 2 weeks. This cycle was repeated three times over a total period of 14 weeks to establish the CAC mouse model. Each group was administered gavage once daily for 2 weeks starting on the 14^th day of the experiment， followed by three times a week until the end of the experiment. The body weight of the mice was recorded weekly. Mice were sacrificed on the 28^th and 98^th days of the experiment. After dissection， the colon length， colon weight， spleen weight， tumor size， and tumor number were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining was used to assess the pathological morphology of colon tumor tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect MDSCs， regulatory T cells （Tregs）， CD4⁺ T cells， CD8⁺ T cells， and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio in the spleen. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of programmed cell death protein-1 （PD-1）， programmed cell death ligand 1 （PD-L1）， phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase （p-AMPK）， phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB （p-NF-κB）， and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α） in the colon tissue. ResultsOn day 14， compared with the blank group， the body weight of the model group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， reaching its lowest point on day 28 （23.39 ± 0.95 ） g. On days 28 and 98， compared with the blank group， the colon length in the model group was significantly shortened （P<0.01）， the colon index significantly increased （P<0.01）， the spleen index significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the tumor load significantly increased （P<0.01）. HE staining showed that in the model group， tumor cells， a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrates， goblet cell disappearance， and crypt loss were observed. In each dose group of Shaoyaotang， the damage to the colonic mucosa， inflammatory cell infiltration， and crypt structure destruction were alleviated. Compared with the model group， the body weight of mice in each dose group of Shaoyaotang increased. On day 98， the colon length was significantly increased （P<0.01）， the colon index significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the spleen index significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the tumor burden significantly decreased （P<0.01） in each Shaoyaotang dose group. On days 28 and 98， MDSCs and Tregs in the spleen of the medium- and high-dose Shaoyaotang groups were significantly reduced （P<0.01）， while CD4⁺ T cells and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratio were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The proportion of CD8⁺ T cells in the spleen and the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the colon tissues of mice in each Shaoyaotang dose group were significantly increased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. On days 28 and 98， the expression of p-AMPK-positive cells in the colon tissue of the medium- and high-dose Shaoyaotang groups was significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the expression of p-NF-κB and HIF-1α was significantly reduced （P<0.01）. ConclusionShaoyaotang can regulate MDSC recruitment and modulate the immune function of T lymphocyte subsets to inhibit the occurrence and development of AOM/DSS-induced CAC in mice. The mechanism may be related to the activation of the AMPK/NF-κB/HIF-1α pathway.

ObjectiveTo explore the target of Erzhiwan in reducing myocardial injury in ovariectomized mice through non-targeted myocardial metabolomics combined with experimental verification. MethodsOvariectomized mouse model was selected， 40 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， estrogen group（estradiol valerate， 1.3×10^-4 g·kg^-1）， Erzhiwan low and high dose groups（3.12， 9.36 g·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. Each administration group was given the corresponding dose of Erzhiwan by gavage， and the sham operation group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage for 12 weeks. Echocardiography was used to detect cardiac function， hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe myocardial morphological changes， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of estrogen， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）， hypersensitive troponin T（hs-TnT）， total cholesterol（TC）， triglyceride（TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）. The non-targeted metabolomics of mouse myocardium were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）， and the differential metabolites and corresponding metabolic pathways were obtained. The mRNA expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K） and protein kinase B（Akt） in mouse myocardial tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of PI3K， Akt， phosphorylated（p）-Akt were detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group showed abnormal cardiac function， increased myocardial fiber space， cardiomyocyte atrophy， sarcoplasmic aggregation， and occasional dissolution or rupture of muscle fiber， the level of estrogen in the serum was decreased， the levels of NT-proBNP， hs-TnT， IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α， TG， TC and LDL-C were increased， and the level of HDL-C was decreased（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Erzhiwan could increase the level of estrogen， improve the abnormal cardiac function， reduce the pathological injury of myocardial tissue， decrease the levels of myocardial injury markers（NT-proBNP， hs-TnT） and inflammatory factors（IL-1β， IL-18， TNF-α）， decrease the levels of TG， TC， LDL-C， and increased the level of HDL-C（P<0.01）. The results of non-targeted myocardial metabolomics showed that 31 of the 162 differential metabolites between the model group and sham operation group were significantly adjusted after administration of Erzhiwan， which were mainly glycerol phospholipid metabolites. Pathway enrichment results showed that Erzhiwan mainly affected glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway， PI3K-Akt pathway， cyclic guanosine monophosphate（cGMP）-protein kinase G（PKG） pathway and other metabolic pathways. Compared with the sham operation group， the levels of phosphatidylcholine（PC， 11 types） and phosphatidylethanolamine（PE， 5 types） in mouse myocardial tissue of the model group were increased（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt were decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the levels of PC（11 types） and PE（5 types） were decreased（P<0.05， P<0.01） in myocardial tissue of Erzhiwan group， the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and p-Akt were elevated（P<0.01）. ConclusionErzhiwan can alleviate the pathological injury of myocardium in ovariectomized mice， improve the abnormal cardiac function， improve lipid metabolism disorder， and reduce the levels of myocardial injury markers and inflammatory factors， which involves a number of signaling and metabolic pathways in the heart， among which glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and PI3K/Akt pathway may have key roles.

ObjectiveTo establish a model that can quickly identify the aroma components in different parts of Nardostachys jatamansi， so as to provide a quality control basis for the market circulation and clinical use of N. jatamansi. MethodsHeadspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS） combined with Smart aroma database and National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST） database were used to characterize the aroma components in different parts of N. jatamansi， and the aroma components were quantified according to relative response factor（RRF） and three internal standards， and the markers of aroma differences in different parts of N. jatamansi were identified by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） and cluster thermal analysis based on variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1 and P<0.01. The odor data of different parts of N. jatamansi were collected by Heracles Ⅱ Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose， and the correlation between compound types of aroma components collected by the ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose and the detection results of HS-SPME-GC-MS was investigated by drawing odor fingerprints and odor response radargrams. Chromatographic peak information with distinguishing ability≥0.700 and peak area≥200 was selected as sensor data， and the rapid identification model of different parts of N. jatamansi was established by principal component analysis（PCA）， discriminant factor alysis（DFA）， soft independent modeling of class analogies（SIMCA） and statistical quality control analysis（SQCA）. ResultsThe HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that there were 28 common components in the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi， of which 22 could be quantified and 12 significantly different components were screened out. Among these 12 components， the contents of five components（ethyl isovalerate， 2-pentylfuran， benzyl alcohol， nonanal and glacial acetic acid，） in the aboveground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the underground part（P<0.01）， the contents of β-ionone， patchouli alcohol， α-caryophyllene， linalyl butyrate， valencene， 1，8-cineole and p-cymene in the underground part of N. jatamansi were significantly higher than those in the aboveground part（P<0.01）. Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose results showed that the PCA discrimination index of the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi was 82， and the contribution rates of the principal component factors were 99.94% and 99.89% when 2 and 3 principal components were extracted， respectively. The contribution rate of the discriminant factor 1 of the DFA model constructed on the basis of PCA was 100%， the validation score of the SIMCA model for discrimination of the two parts was 99， and SQCA could clearly distinguish different parts of N. jatamansi. ConclusionHS-SPME-GC-MS can clarify the differential markers of underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi. The four analytical models provided by Heracles Ⅱ Neo electronic nose（PCA， DFA， SIMCA and SQCA） can realize the rapid identification of different parts of N. jatamansi. Combining the two results， it is speculated that terpenes and carboxylic acids may be the main factors contributing to the difference in aroma between the underground and aboveground parts of N. jatamansi.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of reduced tear secretion in depression-related dry eye rats based on 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5.METHODS:Healthy SD male rats were established with chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)method to establish a depression-induced dry eye model(n=8), and the control group was blank rats(n=8). The ELISA method was used to compare the 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)in serum and hippocampal tissue of the two groups, and the HE sections of lacrimal gland and AQP5 immunohistochemistry were observed. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland tissue of the two groups of rats.RESULTS:The tear secretion in the depression-induced group was significantly reduced(P=0.001), the serum and hippocampal 5-HT levels were significantly reduced(all P<0.05), the expression of AQP5 antibody in the lacrimal gland immunohistochemistry was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.001), the expression of 5-HT3R, TRPV4 and AQP5 in the lacrimal gland was significantly reduced(all P<0.05), and no obvious inflammatory cells were found in the lacrimal gland tissue sections.CONCLUSION:Depression-related dry eye may occur through a non-inflammatory 5-HT/TRPV4/AQP5 mechanism.

ObjectiveTo develop a systematic case management model based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Vocational Rehabilitation Core Set (VR-CS) and explore its application pathways and efficacy in vocational rehabilitation. The 13 core categories of VR-CS are applied in vocational rehabilitation case management practices, utilizing comprehensive functional assessments to design and implement structured and individualized case management plans. This, in turn, seeks to enhance individuals' vocational independence, social participation and overall quality of life. MethodsThis study adopted a combined approach of theoretical research and empirical case analysis. Based on the 13 core categories of VR-CS, a comprehensive vocational assessment was conducted across three dimensions: body function and structure, activities and participation, and environmental factors. The study theoretically analyzed how to develop and implement holistic and individualized vocational rehabilitation plans, along with dynamic monitoring processes. Three types of typical vocational rehabilitation cases were examined, including individuals with major depressive disorder, high-functioning autism and mild cognitive impairment, to illustrate the evidence and effectiveness of VR-CS-based case management. ResultsThe VR-CS-based case management method, grounded in the ICF bio-psycho-social model, constructed an integrated and individualized case management system. This system combined the assessment and analysis of vocational rehabilitation needs, goal setting and planning, multidisciplinary team intervention, individualized interventions, process monitoring and dynamic adjustments, return-to-work activities, and long-term follow-up services.The case management model developed through VR-CS demonstrated significant and systematic efficacy in promoting vocational independence and social participation. This study provided a detailed analysis of the primary methods and steps involved in designing and implementing case management and elaborates on the practical applications of this model from the three representative cases. At the body function and structure level, case management included the evaluation of energy and drive functions (b130), high-level cognitive training (b164), and the enhancement of exercise tolerance (b455). Case management focused on accurately setting short- and long-term goals around functional limitations and needs. Dynamic monitoring during interventions ensured timely adjustments to intervention measures. This process improved physical endurance and cognitive function, enhanced sustained work capacity in complex vocational environments. At the activities and participation level, the focus was on skill acquisition (d155), stress management and psychological adjustment (d240), and the cultivation of complex interpersonal communication abilities (d720). Individuals engaged in regular professional skills training, role-playing and simulated work scenarios to progressively enhance vocational adaptability and social interaction skills. Through this process, individuals acquired practical skills, gradually boosting self-efficacy and vocational confidence, thereby facilitating the reshaping of their social roles. At the environmental and personal factors level, case management pathways involved active participation from immediate family (e310), positive shifts in societal attitudes (e460), and the effective utilization of health and employment policy resources (e580, e590). By integrating social and community resources comprehensively, the program created a more inclusive and supportive rehabilitation environment. By designing and implementing systematic case management programs, individuals showed significant improvements in psychological well-being, vocational adaptability and social interaction skills. The majority of cases achieved stable employment or continued participation in social activities following the intervention. ConclusionVR-CS provides a systematic, multidimensional and person-centered case management framework. This framework applies the bio-psycho-social model, analyzing individuals' primary functional impairments and vocational rehabilitation needs from the perspectives of body functions, psychological states and environmental factors. On this basis, a comprehensive, targeted and holistic case management plan is developed and implemented. The VR-CS-based case management approach not only enhances vocational capabilities but also improves overall quality of life and social adaptability.

Anti-tumor drug research and development in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rapidly developing, and the clinical application of high-throughput sequencing technology is also becoming widespread. Accordingly, researchers are focusing on human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) gene as a rare target of NSCLC, and a series of exploratory studies has been performed. Traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy are unsatisfactory in the HER-2 mutant population, whereas the survival improvement of anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibodies and pan-HER inhibitors is limited. The development of antibody drug conjugate (ADC) ushers in a turning point for HER-2-mutated NSCLC, and new ADC drugs represented by trastuzumab deruxtecan are making a breakthrough. It opens up a new era of precision therapy for advanced HER-2-mutated NSCLC. Additionally, novel HER-2 inhibitors show very encouraging initial efficacy and safety, and clinical trials are ongoing. This review focuses on the latest progress of research on HER-2-mutated NSCLC.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Jiegengtang is a basic formula for treating sore throat and cough. By means of bibliometrics， this study conducted a textual research and analysis on the key information such as formula origin， decocting methods， and clinical application of Jiegengtang. After the research， it can be seen that Jiegengtang is firstly contained in Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease， which is also known as Ganjietang， and it has been inherited and innovated by medical practitioners of various dynasties in later times. The origins of Chinese medicines in this formula is basically clear， Jiegeng is the dried roots of Platycodon grandiflorum， Gancao is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， the two medicines are selected raw products. The dosage is 27.60 g of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and 13.80 g of Platycodonis Radix， decocted with 600 mL of water to 200 mL， taken warmly after meals， twice a day， 100 mL for each time. In ancient times， Jiegengtang was mainly used for treating Shaoyin-heat invasion syndrome， with cough and sore throat as its core symptoms. In modern clinical practice， Jiegengtang is mainly used for respiratory diseases such as pharyngitis， esophagitis， tonsillitis and lung abscess， especially for pharyngitis and lung abscess with remarkable efficacy. This paper can provide literature reference basis for the modern clinical application and new drug development of Jiegengtang.

Yttrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT) is a treatment technique that delivers radioactive microspheres precisely to the arterial vascular bed of neoplasms, utilizing beta radiation to administer a high local dose of radiation to the neoplasm tissues. This technology has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with unresectable pirmary liver cancers and liver metastases. This article systematically reviews the development history and clinical application status of ⁹⁰Y-SIRT in the treatment of liver cancer, and looks forward to future development directions.