BACKGROUND:Calcium phosphate(CaP)coatings are widely used to improve the integration of titanium implants into bone but these coatings are associated with risks of infection.It is thus desirable to confer antibacterial properties to CaP coatings. OBJECTIVE:To prepare CaP-MgO composite coatings by impregnating magnesium oxide(MgO)sol into CaP coatings and assess the in vitro antibacterial activities and cytocompatibility. METHODS:An electrolyte was determined by titration and used for CaP coating electrodeposition on titanium(referred to as Ti-CaP).MgO was impregnated into the coating by immersing in an MgO sol with different mass fractions(15%,30%,50%)and subsequently calcined to form MgO-CaP composite coatings,which were recorded as Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg,respectively.Microstructure,tensile properties,critical load,and Mg2+ release of coatings in vitro were characterized.Antibacterial activity was assayed using spread plate method by culturing S.aureus on the pure titanium sheet surface and Ti-CaP,Ti-Cap-15mg,Ti-Cap-30mg and Ti-Cap-50mg surfaces for 24 and 48 hours.Mouse osteoblast suspension was inoculated on pure titanium sheets and Ti-CaP,Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg coated titanium sheets,respectively.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay,and cell survival rate was calculated.The morphology of composite coating soaked in DMEM was also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Homogeneous,microporous CaP coatings consisting of octacaclium phosphate crystal flakes were prepared on titanium by electrodeposition.After sol impregnation-calcination,MgO aggregates were filled into the inter-flake voids.The extent of MgO filling and Mg concentration in the coating increased with the number of sol impregnation procedures.When immersed in phosphate buffered saline,all composite coatings actively released Mg2+ within 1 day;subsequently,the Mg2+ release slowed down on day 3.A small amount of Mg2+ release was still detected on day 7.The yield strength,tensile strength and fracture growth rate of Ti-CaP-30Mg coated titanium were not significantly different from those of pure titanium(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the critical load of Ti-CaP,Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg groups(P>0.05).(2)Except that pure titanium sheet and Ti-CaP had no antibacterial properties,the other samples had good antibacterial properties,and the antibacterial rate increased with the increase of MgO content in the coating.(3)After 1 and 3 days of co-culture,the cell survival rate of Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg groups was lower than that of pure titanium group and Ti-CaP group(P<0.05).After 5 and 7 days of culture,there was no significant difference in cell survival rate among five groups(P>0.05).The content of MgO in the coating decreased gradually with the time of immersion in the medium.(4)The MgO sol impregnation added antibacterial properties to the CaP coatings while retained their biocompatibility.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo of the neonate with hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN), and explore its clinical valua in evaluating the severity of HDN. METHODS: 300 neonates with HDN, 50 neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemiain and 50 healthy neonates were selected as research object and Microtubes Gel Test was used to detect the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo. Their clinical data and their mothers' prenatal examination data were retrospectively analyzed. Three hemolysis tests (direct antiglobulin test, free antibody test and release test), irregular antibody screening, and the titer of IgG anti-A/B blood group antibody was determined by serological method. Red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(Hb), reticulocytes(Ret) and nucleated red cells were detected by hematology analyzer. Indirect bilirubin and albumin(Alb) were detected by biochemical analyzer. The relationship between the titer of IgG anti-A/B erythrocyte antibody in vivo and the severity of HDN was analyzed. RESULTS: There were six serological diagnosis modes in the HDN group,the difference between modes was statistically significant (P<0.05). The antibody titer relationship between HDN neonates and pregnant women was positive correlation(r=0.8302). The highest antibody titer of release test and free antibody test were 1∶32 and 1∶2, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. RBC, Hb and Alb in HDN patients were lower than those in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia patients and healthy neonates (P<0.05), and were negatively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=-0.8016). Bilirubin content in HDN patients were higher than those in neonatal hyperbiliru binemia patients and healthy neonates group(P<0.05), and was positively relevant with antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8731). The hospital day in HDN patients was significantly relevant with the antibody titer in vivo (r=0.8547), but not with the age, sex, weight and ABO blood types (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The detection of antibody titer in HDN patients can be used to evaluate the antibody concentration in vivo, predict the ability of antibody to induce erythrocyte hemolysis, and help to judge the serenrity and prognosis of HDN.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Bilirubin ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of Tojapride, a Chinese herbal formula extract, on strengthening the barrier function of esophageal epithelium in rats with reflux esophagitis (RE). METHODS: Ten out of 85 SD rats were randomly selected as the sham group (n10), and 75 rats were developed a reflux esophagitis model (RE) by the esophageal and duodenal side-to-side anastomosis. Fifty successful modeling rats were divided into different medicated groups through a random number table including the model, low-, medium-, and high-dose of Tojapride as well as omeprazole groups (n10). Three doses of Tojapride [5.73, 11.46, 22.92 g/(kg•d)] and omeprazole [4.17 mg/(kg•d)] were administrated intragastrically twice daily for 3 weeks. And the rats in the sham and model groups were administered 10 mL/kg distilled water. Gastric fluid was collected and the supernatant was kept to measure for volume, pH value and acidity. Esophageal tissues were isolated to monitor the morphological changes through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and esophageal epithelial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 (NF-KBp65), κB kinase beta (IKKß), occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the esophageal tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: The gastric pH value in the model group was significantly lower than the sham group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, gastric pH value in the omeprazole and medium-dose of Tojapride groups were significantly higher (P<0.05). A large area of ulceration was found on the esophageal mucosa from the model rats, while varying degrees of congestion and partially visible erosion was observed in the remaining groups. Remarkable increase in cell gap width and decrease in desmosome count was seen in RE rats and the effect was reversed by Tojapride treatment. Compared with the sham group, the IKKß levels were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.05). However, the IKKß levels were down-regulated after treatment by all doses of Tojapride (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The occluding and ZO-1 levels decreased in the model group compared with the sham group (Ps0.01 or Ps0.05), while both indices were significantly up-regulated in the Tojapride-treated groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tojapride could improve the pathological conditions of esophageal epithelium in RE rats. The underlying mechanisms may involve in down-regulating the IKKß expression and elevating ZO-1 and occludin expression, thereby alleviating the inflammation of the esophagus and strengthening the barrier function of the esophageal epithelium.

Background::Aberrant activation of the complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The relationship between serum complement and the clinical-histopathological features and outcomes of IgAN is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to examine the relationship between the complement 3/4 (C3/C4) ratio and the clinicopathologic changes and prognosis of patients with IgAN.Methods::A total of 397 patients with primary IgAN from January 2007 to December 2012 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital were included in this study. The correlation test and Chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance test were performed to evaluate the relationship between the C3/C4 ratio and other clinical-pathological factors. Propensity score matching and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to calculate the risk factors of renal outcome.Results::The median follow-up period was 75 months. During the follow-up period, 62 patients (15.6%) developed into the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The C3/C4 ratio at baseline was associated with the level of serum creatinine (SCr), 24 h urinary protein excretion (24 h Upre), global glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial lesion. The level of SCr and 24 h Upre and the degree of chronic kidney injury were statistically different among groups defined by different C3/C4 ratio levels. The survival rates of patients among groups with different C3/C4 ratio levels were different. After propensity score matching, eighty-eight pairs of patients were successfully matched, and the C3/C4 ratio was an influencing factor for the patients’ outcome (hazard ratio 0.587, 95% confidence interval 0.329-0.880). Patients with a C3/C4 ratio <3.6 had a poorer outcome compared with the others ( P = 0.002). Conclusions::IgAN patients with decreased C3/C4 ratio displayed significantly more severe clinical symptoms and chronic renal injury than patients with higher ratios. A low C3/C4 ratio could be a risk factor for patients developing to ESRD.

OBJECTIVETo research the effects of Qingyang Toujie Mixture (QTM) in combination with prednisone tablet on the balance of Th1 and Th2 (Th1/Th2) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of yin deficiency syndrome (YDS).

METHODSTotally 42 patients with SLE were recruited from clinics of internal medicine and hospitalization department of First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2009 to March 2011. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group (22 cases) and the control group (20 cases) according to the random digit table. Another 12 healthy subjects were recruited as the healthy control group from employees of First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and healthy students in physical examinations. All patients took prednisone tablet. The dosage was adjusted according to the severity of SLE activity index and the condition: 40 -60 mg per day for severe active stage; 20-40 mg per day for moderate active stage; 15 -20 mg per day for light active stage; and less than 15 mg per day for those in the stable stage, respectively. When patients' condition had been stabilized for 1 to 2 weeks, the dosage was gradually reduced according to the method of hormone reduction. In case of the recurrence of symptoms or when complicated with lupus nephritis or lupus encephalitis uncontrollable, standard shock therapy with Cyclophosphamide Injection (0.5-1 g/m2 body surface area, intravenous dripping, once every 4 weeks) was performed. Patients in the treatment group took QTM additionally, one dose daily, taken in two portions, once in the morning and once in the evening. Those in the control group took placebos additionally, one dose daily, taken in two portions, once in the morning and once in the evening. The therapeutic course was 6 months for all. No measure was taken for those in the healthy control group. Venous blood was withdrawal before and after treatment. Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-4) were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSCompared with the healthy control group, the serum Th1 cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-gamma, Th2 cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-4 increased, the Th1/Th2 ratios such as IFN-gamma/IL-4 and IL-12/IL-10 decreased in the treatment group and the control group before treatment (P < 0.01). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the serum Th1 cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-gamma decreased, the serum Th2 cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-4 decreased, the ratios of Th1/Th2 cytokines such as IFN-gamma/IL-4 and IL-12/IL-10 increased in the treatment group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, IL-4 decreased, and the ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-4 increased in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Fewer patients suffered from adverse reactions in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONQTM in combination with prednisone tablet was effective to improve the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines, and alleviate the toxic and adverse reactions of hormone or immune inhibitors.

Adult ; Cytokines ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Male ; Prednisone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Th1-Th2 Balance ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the orthodontic retention and adjustment of the occlusion after orthognathic surgery.

METHODS18 patients were divided into three groups. Group I: Cases with skeletal Class I bimaxillary protrusion treated by subapical osteotomy; Group II: Cases with skeletal Class II mandibular retrusion treated by sagittal split mandibular advancement surgery; Group III: Cases with skeletal Class III treated by Le Fort I osteotomy on maxilla and sagittal split osteotomy on mandible. There were 6 patients in each group. Three kinds of orthodontic elastic tractions were used based on different categories of malocclusion and different types of operation.

RESULTS18 patients attained functional occlusion after the orthodontic occlusion adjustment. There was no relapse and malocclusion by surgery.

CONCLUSIONIntermaxillary elastics based on different categories of occlusion and different kinds of surgery can improve the occlusion after orthognathic surgery and attatin the functional occlusion.

Adult ; Cephalometry ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Le Fort

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of 3-(4-~(18)F-fluorobenzyl)-8,9-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochromeno [3,4-c]pyridin-5-one ( is F-FDTP) as a potential dopamine D4 receptor PET imaging agent.Methods ~(18)F-FDTP solution in ethanol-physiological saline was incubated with calf serum to test its in vitro stability through the determination of radiochemical purity.Normal rats were injected intravenously with ~(18)F-FDTP and then sacrificed at 2,5,10,15,30,60 and 120 min after anesthesia.Blood,organs and brain tissue samples were collected.All samples were weighed and measured for radioactivity.The uptake of samples was expressed as percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue ( % ID/g).Results The stability of ~(18)F-FDTP was satisfactory and its radiochemical purity was above 95% after incubation 120 min at 37℃ in calf serum.The biodistribution showed that ~(18)F-FDTP could penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and selectively accumulate in striatum,hypothalamus,frontal certex,hippocampus,cerebellum,where the D_4 receptor was reportedly located.The radioactivities in hippocampus,hypothalamus,striatum,frontal cortex,cerebellum,pons were (0.42±0.03),(0.46±0.05),(0.54±0.04),(0.39±0.04),(0.45±0.06),(0.35±0.04) %ID/g,respectively,2 min post injection.And there was difference between the normal biodistribution results and the blocking experimental results:(0.36 ±0.05),( 0.33±0.05 ),(0.55±0.05 ),(0.30±0.07 ),(0.34±0.07 ) and (0.32±0.04) % ID/g in hippocampus,hypothalamus,striatum,frontal cortex,cerebellum and pons,respectively.Conclusions ~(18)F-FDTP can penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and selectively accumulate in striatum,hypothalamus,frontal cortex,hippocampus,cerebellum,where the D_4 receptor was known to concentrate.These preliminary results suggest that ~(18)F-FDTP is a potential dopamine D_4 receptor imaging agent and further studies are needed.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of facemask protractiong on skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients. Methods Totally 15 skeletal Class Ⅲ patients (male 7, female 8, aged 18-24 years)were included in the study. Removable and fixed appliances were used in the upper or lower arches.Facemask protraction was used at night for about 7 months and Class Ⅲ elastics were worn during the day.The total treatment time was 24 mouths on average. Cephalometric analysis was carried out before and after treatment. Results The profile was greatly improved and Class Ⅰ molar relationship was achieved. SNA angle was increased from (79.6 ±3.7)° to (81.1 ±3. 8)°. SNB angle was decreased from (83. 5 ±3. 3)°to (82. 6 ± 3.6 ) °. ANB angle was increased from ( - 4. 1 ± 2. 0 ) ° to ( - 1.5 ± 1.8 ) °. Conclusions Protraction was effective in the treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ adult patients.

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Tooth Ankylosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Tooth Extraction ; methods ; Tooth Root ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effects about inclinations of the second and the third molars in patients treated with or without premolar extractions.

METHODSFifty-six adolescents were chosen and divided into the first premolar extraction and non-extraction groups, 30 and 26 patients respectively. The pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs were made. Angles between long axis of the third molar and the occlusal plane (the second molar alike), and long axis of the second and the third molar were measured and evaluated.

RESULTSThe maxillary and mandibular third molar angulations were all improved after treatment in two groups. Compared with non-extraction group, the average changes of angle between long axis of the third molar and the occlusal plane increased significantly in maxilla and mandible (P < 0.05). Average changes of angles between long axis of the second and the third molar decreased and had statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The change of angle between long axis of mandibular second molar and the occlusal plane had statistically significant difference (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in maxillary second molar (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe first premolar extraction in orthodontic treatment could improve the third molar angulations and it would promote the eruption of the third molar.

Adolescent ; Bicuspid ; Dental Occlusion ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tooth Eruption ; Tooth Extraction