In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

Objective To investigate the effects of TFF3 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of colorectal cancer HT29 cells and the mechanisms involved in cancer metastasis. Methods HT29 cells were transfected with pIRES2-TFF3, and the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins related to TFF3 gene, TWIST1/TRIB3 signaling pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of HT29 cells were detected by the CCK-8, cell scratch, and Transwell assays. Changes in cell morphology after TFF3 overexpression were observed through transmission electron microscopy. Results After the HT29 cells were transfected with pIRES2-TFF3, the expression levels of TFF3 mRNA and protein significantly increased (P<0.01); cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly enhanced (P<0.01); and the expression of related genes, such as TWIST1, TRIB3, Vimentin, and Snail were significantly upregulated. By contrast, the expression of E-cadherin significantly decreased (P<0.05). Various changes in cell morphology were observed after TFF3 overexpression, such as decrease in cell junctions, loss of cilia, formation of pseudopodia, and increase in fusiform cells. Conclusion TFF3 overexpression may promote EMT in colorectal cancer cells through the Twist1/TRIB3 signaling pathway, increase their metastatic potential, and accelerate the malignant progression of colorectal cancer.

Aim To investigate the relation between the effect of geniposide (GE) in improving angiogenesis in arthralgia spasm syndrome collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats and the modulation of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) release. Methods A CIA model was constructed by multiple intradermal injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and an equal volume mixture of chicken type II collagen (CCII) into the dorsal and caudal root regions of rats, on the basis of which a rheumatic fever stimulus was given to build up a moist heat arthralgia spasm syndrome in CIA rats. After successful modeling, the groups were randomly grouped, and the administered groups were gavaged with GE (60, 120 mg · kg

In order to promote the innovative application of Sanjiao theory and Yingwei theory， this paper tries to apply the ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation theory to the treatment of tumor diseases， integrating it with T cell exhaustion mechanism to elaborate on its scientific connotation and using network pharmacology and bioinformatics to elucidate the correlation between the anti-tumor mechanism of ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation and T cell exhaustion. The ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation function is closely related to the immunometabolic ability of the human body， and the ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation system constitutes the immunometabolic exchange system within and outside the cellular environment. Cancer toxicity is generated by the fuzzy Sanjiao Qi， and the long-term fuzzy Sanjiao Qi is the primary factor leading to T cell exhaustion， which is related to the long-term activation of T cell receptors by the high tumor antigen load in the tumor microenvironment. Qi transformation malfunction of the Sanjiao produces phlegm and collects stasis， which contributes to T cell exhaustion and is correlated with nutrient deprivation， lipid accumulation， and high lactate levels in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment， as well as with the release of transforming growth factor-β and upregulated expression of programmed death receptor-1 by tumor-associated fibroblasts and platelets in the tumor microenvironment. Ying and Wei damage due to Sanjiao Qi transformation malfunction is similar to the abnormal manifestations such as progressive loss of exhausted T cell effector function and disturbance of cellular energy metabolism. Guizhi decoction， Shengming decoction， and Wendan decoction can correct T cell exhaustion and exert anti-tumor effects through multi-target and multi-pathways by regulating ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation， and hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） may be one of the main pathways to correct T cell exhaustion. It was found that HIF-1α may be one of the important prognostic indicators in common tumors by bioinformatics. The use of the ''Sanjiao-Yingwei'' Qi transformation method may play an important part in improving the prognosis of tumor patients in clinical practice.

Objective:To evaluate the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) coupling in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats.Methods:Forty clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 240-260 g, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), remifentanil group (group R), nNOS-NOS1AP inhibitor ZLc002 group (group C+ Z) and remifentanil + ZLc002 group (group R+ Z). Normal saline was intravenously infused at a rate of 0.1 ml·kg -1·min -1 for 60 min in C group. Remifentanil was intravenously infused at a rate of 1.0 μg·kg -1·min -1 for 60 min in R group. ZLc002 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 3 consecutive days, and then normal saline 0.1 ml·kg -1·min -1 and remifentanil 1.0 μg·kg -1·min -1 were intravenously infused for 60 min in C+ Z group and R+ Z group. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 24 h before intravenous infusion and 6, 24 and 48 h after intravenous infusion (T 0-3). All the rats were sacrificed after the last measurement of pain thresholds, and the L 4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of nNOS, NOS1AP and Dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 (Dexras1) protein and mRNA using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Nitrosylated proteins were extracted by biotin conversion for determination of the expression of nNOS, NOS1AP and total and nitrosylated Dexras1 (by Western blot) and co-expression of nNOS-NOS1AP (by co-immunoprecipitation). The content of NO in the spinal cord was measured. Results:Compared with group C, the MWT was significantly decreased, and the TWL was shortened at T 1-3, the expression of nNOS and NOS1AP protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the co-expression of nNOS-NOS1AP and NO production were increased, and the expression of nitrosylated Dexras1 was up-regulated in group R ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in each aforementioned parameter in group C+ Z ( P>0.05). Compared with group R, the MWT was significantly increased, and the TWL was prolonged at T 1-3, the co-expression of nNOS-NOS1AP and NO production were decreased, the expression of nitrosylated Dexras1 was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of nNOS and NOS1AP protein and mRNA in group R+ Z ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in total Dexras1 protein and mRNA expression among the four groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which remifentanil induces hyperalgesia may be related to up-regulating the expression of nNOS and NOS1AP in the spinal cord, promoting interaction between nNOS and NOS1AP and mediating NO generation and Dexras1 nitrosylation modification in rats.

Objective:To evaluate the role of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) in hydrogen-induced alleviation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-caused damage to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell(PMVEC) barrier function in mice.Methods:PMVECs were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin until 4-6 passage. These cells were divided into 6 groups ( n=36 each) using a random number table method: control group (group A), hydrogen-rich medium group (group B), LPS group (group C), LPS + hydrogen-rich medium group (group D), LPS + RhoA inhibitor C3 enzyme group (group E) and LPS + hydrogen-rich medium + RhoA agonist U-46619 group (group F). Cells were cultured within normal medium in group A, group C and group E and within hydrogen-rich medium in group B, group D and group F. LPS at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml was simultaneously added in group C, group D, group E and group F. C3 enzyme at a final concentration of 3 μg/ml was added at 2 h before addition of LPS in group E. U-46619 at a final concentration of 10 mg/ml was added at 3 h before addition of LPS in group F. The expression of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and occludin was determined by Western blot at 6, 12 and 24 h after incubation with LPS. At 24 h after incubation with LPS, the release rate of LDH was measured by LDH method, cell viability was measured by MTT method, and the activity of RhoA was determined by GST pull-down method. Results:Compared with group A, the expression of VE-cadherin and occludin was significantly down-regulated at 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation, the cell viability was decreased at 24 h of incubation, and the release rate of LDH and activity of RhoA were increased in group C ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the expression of VE-cadherin and occludin was significantly up-regulated at 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation, the cell viability was increased at 24 h of incubation, and the release rate of LDH and activity of RhoA were decreased in group D ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, the expression of VE-cadherin and occludin was significantly up-regulated at 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation, the cell viability was increased at 24 h of incubation, and the release rate of LDH and activity of RhoA were decreased in group E ( P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of VE-cadherin and occludin was significantly down-regulated at 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation, the cell viability was decreased at 24 h of incubation, and the release rate of LDH and activity of RhoA were increased in group F ( P<0.05). Conclusions:RhoA is involved in hydrogen-induced alleviation of LPS-caused damage to PMVEC barrier function in mice.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) combined with lower cervical fracture is often categorized into unstable fracture, with a high incidence of neurological injury and a high rate of disability and morbidity. As factors such as shoulder occlusion may affect the accuracy of X-ray imaging diagnosis, it is often easily misdiagnosed at the primary diagnosis. Non-operative treatment has complications such as bone nonunion and the possibility of secondary neurological damage, while the timing, access and choice of surgical treatment are still controversial. Currently, there are no clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture with or without dislocation. To this end, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts to formulate Clinical guidelines for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis combined with lower cervical fracture in adults ( version 2024) in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine, scientificity and practicality, in which 11 recommendations were put forward in terms of the diagnosis, imaging evaluation, typing and treatment, etc, to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of AS combined with lower cervical fracture.

As a microbial therapy method, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. As one of the most direct and effective methods to improve gut microbiota, FMT achieves therapeutic benefits by transplanting functional gut microbiota from healthy human feces into the intestines of patients to reconstruct new gut microbiota. FMT has been proven to be an effective treatment for gastrointestinal diseases such as Clostridium difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, the clinical and basic research of FMT outside the gastrointestinal system is also emerging. It is worth noting that there is bidirectional communication between the gut microbial community and the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut-brain axis. Some gut bacteria can synthesize and release neurotransmitters such as glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine. Imbalanced gut microbiota may interfere with the normal levels of these neurotransmitters, thereby affecting brain function. Gut microbiota can also produce metabolites that may cross the blood-brain barrier and affect CNS function. FMT may affect the occurrence and development of CNS and its related diseases by reshaping the gut microbiota of patients through a variety of pathways such as nerves, immunity, and metabolites. This article introduces the development of FMT and the research status of FMT in China, and reviews the basic and clinical research of FMT in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease), neurotraumatic diseases (spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury) and stroke from the characteristics of three types of nervous system diseases, the characteristics of intestinal flora, and the therapeutic effect and mechanism of fecal microbiota transplantation, summarize the common mechanism of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of CNS diseases and the therapeutic targets. We found that the common mechanisms of FMT in the treatment of nervous system diseases may include the following 3 categories through summary and analysis. (1) Gut microbiota metabolites, such as SCFAs, TMAO and LPS. (2) Inflammatory factors and immune inflammatory pathways such as TLR-MyD88 and NF-κB. (3) Neurotransmitter 5-HT. In the process of reviewing the studies, we found the following problems. (1) In basic researches on the relationship between FMT and CNS diseases, there are relatively few studies involving the autonomic nervous system pathway. (2) Clinical trial studies have shown that FMT improves the severity of patients’ symptoms and may be a promising treatment for a variety of neurological diseases. (3) The improvement of clinical efficacy is closely related to the choice of donor, especially emphasizing that FMT from healthy and young donors may be the key to the improvement of neurological diseases. However, there are common challenges in current research on FMT, such as the scientific and rigorous design of FMT clinical trials, including whether antibiotics are used before transplantation or different antibiotics are used, as well as different FMT processes, different donors, different functional analysis methods of gut microbiota, and the duration of FMT effect. Besides, the safety of FMT should be better elucidated, especially weighing the relationship between the therapeutic benefits and potential risks of FMT carefully. It is worth mentioning that the clinical development of FMT even exceeds its basic research. Science and TIME rated FMT as one of the top 10 breakthroughs in the field of biomedicine in 2013. FMT therapy has great potential in the treatment of nervous system diseases, is expected to open up a new situation in the medical field, and may become an innovative weapon in the medical field.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the causal correlation between depression and stress urinary incontinence(SUI)using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:We searched the FinnGen Consortium database for genome-wide association studies(GWAS)on depression and obtained 23 424 case samples and 192 220 control samples,with the GWAS data on SUI provided by the UK Biobank,including 4 340 case samples and 458 670 control samples.We investigated the correlation between depression and SUI based on the depression data collected from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC).We employed inverse-variance weighting as the main method for the MR study,and performed sensitivity analysis to verify the accuracy and stability of the findings.Results:Analysis of the data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen Consortium showed that depression was significantly correlated with an increased risk of SUI(P=0.005),but not SUI with the risk of depression(P=0.927).And analysis of the PGC data verified the correlation of depression with the increased risk of SUI(P=0.043).Conclusion:Depression is associated with an increased risk of SUI,while SUI does not increase the risk of depression.