Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are considered to be one of the biggest health problems in the workplace, seriously affecting the productivity and quality of life of the working population. Long working hours may associate with WMSDs, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial for WMSDs. However, the independent and combined effects of these two factors on WMSDs remain poorly understood. Objective To explore the independent and joint relationships between long working hours, leisure time physical activity (LTPA), and WMSDs, and to provide a basis for prevention and intervention of WMSDs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1227 frontline workers from multiple secondary industry companies in Nanchong City in 2023 using cluster random sampling. Demographic characteristics information, weekly working hours, LTPA, personal health behaviors, and occupational factors were collected through questionnaires. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to assess WMSDs. χ² test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationships between long working hours and/or LTPA and WMSDs. Results A total of 1227 workers were surveyed with a mean age of (41.3±9.3) years and 855 (69.7%) were male and 372 (30.3%) were female. Among then, 855 (69.7%) workers reported working >40 h per week, and 254 (20.7%) reported working ≥ 55 h per week; 561 (45.7%) reported no LTPA and 192 (15.6%) reported high LTPA. The overall positive rate of WMSDs was 57.4%. The positive rate of WMSDs was 71.3% in those working ≥55 h per week, which was significantly higher than those in the other groups (51.3%-58.2%, P<0.05). Comparison among the positive rate of WMSDs in the weekly working 41-48 h group (54.4%), the 49-54 h group (58.2%), and the ≤40 h group (51.3%) showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The positive rate of WMSDs was higher in workers with no LTPA (59.0%)/low LTPA (58.9%) than in those with high LTPA (49.0%) (P<0.05). The logistic regression models showed that after adjusting gender, age, work experience, income per month, night shift, industry, prolonged fixed posture, prolonged repetition, smoking and alcohol drinking, compared with weekly working ≤40 h, the risk of WMSDs was higher in those with extra-long working hours (≥55 h·week⁻¹ ) (OR=2.155, 95%CI: 1.504, 3.088), whereas those with high LTPA had a lower risk of WMSDs (OR=0.614, 95% CI: 0.432, 0.874 ). The combination of no LTPA and extra-long working hours (≥55 h·week⁻¹) and low LTPA and extra-long working hours (≥55 h·week⁻¹) showed associations with WMSDs, with 2.360 and 2.049 times higher risk of WMSDs than that of the combination of no LTPA and standard working hours (≤40 h ·week⁻¹) respectively (P<0.05), whereas the combination of high LTPA and long working hours was not observed statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Extra-long working hours and/or LTPA show different associations with the risk of WMSDs. Extra-long working hours are significantly positively associated with the risk of WMSDs, whereas high LTPA is significantly negatively associated with the risk of WMSDs. The combination of extra-long working hours with no or low LTPA is associated with elevated risk of reporting WMSDs, whereas no statistical significance is observed for the high LTPA-long work hours combination.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the biggest infectious killers worldwide. Vaccine is the most satisfactory tool for prevention of TB; however, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the widely used vaccine in clinical for the prevention of TB, has limitations in protective effects. Development of novel TB vaccines is therefore of urgent need. Currently, there are 15 novel TB vaccine candidates in clinical trials, including live-attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines and viral-vectored vaccines, which open the door for the ultimate target of the End TB Strategy. This review summarizes the latest advances in the development of TB vaccines in global clinical trials, so as to provide insights into TB control.

Attracting the return of overseas medical consumption is not only a driving force for promoting supply side structural reform and improving industrial development quality and efficiency under the current"dual circulation"new development pattern,but also a powerful lever and new engine for promoting high-quality economic development.The main reasons for attracting the outflow of domestic medical consumption include the pursuit of advanced medical technology from abroad,the attraction of high-quality medical services from overseas,the huge price difference between domestic and foreign medical consumption,and domestic policies,laws,and institutional restrictions.Measures need to be taken to improve the level of medical technology,increase the supply of medical consumption,improve the quality of medical services,optimize the medical consumption environment,and reduce medical service costs to attract the return of overseas medical consumption.

Attracting overseas medical consumption is the driving force behind the development of the medical industry in China's current"dual circulation"new development pattern.The progress of domestic medical technology and the improvement of service quality,the development of the economy and society,the enhancement of residents'health awareness,the increase of government investment in the health field,the advantages of the medical market and price competition,the guidance and support of government policies,international medical exchanges and cooperation,and the improvement of the medical insurance system are the main driving factors for attracting overseas medical consumption.Improving the level of medical technology,stimulating the vitality of attracting medical consumption,increasing the supply of medical consumption,unleashing the potential of attracting medical consumption,improving the quality of medical services,building support for attracting medical consumption to return,optimizing the medical consumption environment,creating an atmosphere for attracting medical consumption,and regulating overseas medical consumption,injecting the momentum of attracting medical consumption to return are the main implementation ways to attract overseas medical consumption to return.

Attracting the return of overseas medical consumption is not only a driving force for promoting supply side structural reform and improving industrial development quality and efficiency under the current"dual circulation"new development pattern,but also a powerful lever and new engine for promoting high-quality economic development.The main reasons for attracting the outflow of domestic medical consumption include the pursuit of advanced medical technology from abroad,the attraction of high-quality medical services from overseas,the huge price difference between domestic and foreign medical consumption,and domestic policies,laws,and institutional restrictions.Measures need to be taken to improve the level of medical technology,increase the supply of medical consumption,improve the quality of medical services,optimize the medical consumption environment,and reduce medical service costs to attract the return of overseas medical consumption.

Attracting overseas medical consumption is the driving force behind the development of the medical industry in China's current"dual circulation"new development pattern.The progress of domestic medical technology and the improvement of service quality,the development of the economy and society,the enhancement of residents'health awareness,the increase of government investment in the health field,the advantages of the medical market and price competition,the guidance and support of government policies,international medical exchanges and cooperation,and the improvement of the medical insurance system are the main driving factors for attracting overseas medical consumption.Improving the level of medical technology,stimulating the vitality of attracting medical consumption,increasing the supply of medical consumption,unleashing the potential of attracting medical consumption,improving the quality of medical services,building support for attracting medical consumption to return,optimizing the medical consumption environment,creating an atmosphere for attracting medical consumption,and regulating overseas medical consumption,injecting the momentum of attracting medical consumption to return are the main implementation ways to attract overseas medical consumption to return.

Attracting the return of overseas medical consumption is not only a driving force for promoting supply side structural reform and improving industrial development quality and efficiency under the current"dual circulation"new development pattern,but also a powerful lever and new engine for promoting high-quality economic development.The main reasons for attracting the outflow of domestic medical consumption include the pursuit of advanced medical technology from abroad,the attraction of high-quality medical services from overseas,the huge price difference between domestic and foreign medical consumption,and domestic policies,laws,and institutional restrictions.Measures need to be taken to improve the level of medical technology,increase the supply of medical consumption,improve the quality of medical services,optimize the medical consumption environment,and reduce medical service costs to attract the return of overseas medical consumption.

Attracting overseas medical consumption is the driving force behind the development of the medical industry in China's current"dual circulation"new development pattern.The progress of domestic medical technology and the improvement of service quality,the development of the economy and society,the enhancement of residents'health awareness,the increase of government investment in the health field,the advantages of the medical market and price competition,the guidance and support of government policies,international medical exchanges and cooperation,and the improvement of the medical insurance system are the main driving factors for attracting overseas medical consumption.Improving the level of medical technology,stimulating the vitality of attracting medical consumption,increasing the supply of medical consumption,unleashing the potential of attracting medical consumption,improving the quality of medical services,building support for attracting medical consumption to return,optimizing the medical consumption environment,creating an atmosphere for attracting medical consumption,and regulating overseas medical consumption,injecting the momentum of attracting medical consumption to return are the main implementation ways to attract overseas medical consumption to return.

Attracting the return of overseas medical consumption is not only a driving force for promoting supply side structural reform and improving industrial development quality and efficiency under the current"dual circulation"new development pattern,but also a powerful lever and new engine for promoting high-quality economic development.The main reasons for attracting the outflow of domestic medical consumption include the pursuit of advanced medical technology from abroad,the attraction of high-quality medical services from overseas,the huge price difference between domestic and foreign medical consumption,and domestic policies,laws,and institutional restrictions.Measures need to be taken to improve the level of medical technology,increase the supply of medical consumption,improve the quality of medical services,optimize the medical consumption environment,and reduce medical service costs to attract the return of overseas medical consumption.