Objective To investigate the role of H9c2-derived exosomes in regulating angiogenesis in rat cardiomyocytes under hypoxia.Methods The hypoxia model of H9c2 cells was prepared by mixed gas method(the hypoxia model group),and the normal cultured cells were used as the control group.The exosomes secreted by the two groups of cells were extracted respectively.The concentration and particle size of exosomes were detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis.The morphology and size of exosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy.Western blot assay was used to verify the exosome marker proteins.The hypoxia model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)was established.HUVECs were incubated with H9c2 exosomes and divided into the normoxia group,the hypoxia group,the hypoxia+normal H9c2 exosomes(EXO-C)group and the hypoxia+hypoxia H9c2 exosomes(EXO-M)group.The proliferation,migration and tube formation of HUVECs were detected by CCK-8 method,cell scratch test and Matrigel in vitro three-dimensional forming test.Results The results of exosome identification showed that the particle concentration of H9c2 exosome samples was 1×107-1×1012 particles/mL and the particle size was 40-160 nm in the normoxia group and the hypoxia group.The morphological characteristics were spherical or saucer-like structure,uniform in size and complete in shape.Exosome marker proteins TSG101,CD63 and CD9 were expressed,and there was no expression of negative protein Calnexin.Compared with the normoxic group,the proliferation ability,migration area and migration rate of HUVEC were significantly decreased in the hypoxic group,and the length of tube,the number of branches and the number of nodes were decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with the hypoxia group,the proliferation ability of HUVEC cells was decreased,the migration area was decreased,the migration rate was decreased and the length and number of branches involved in tube formation were further decreased in the EXO-M group(P＜0.05).Compared with the EXO-C group,the proliferation ability of the EXO-M group decreased,the cell migration area decreased and the migration rate decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion Exosomes derived from hypoxic H9c2 can inhibit the proliferation,migration and tube formation of HUVEC.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of trehalose on oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) injury in H9C2 cells and the role of solute carrier family 7 member 11- (SLC7A11)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling pathway.Methods:Well-grown H9C2 cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=24 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C), OGD/R group (group O), OGD/R+ trehalose group (group OT) and OGD/R+ trehalose+ erastin group (group OTE). The cells were normally cultured in group C. In O, OT and OTE groups, the DMEM medium was replaced with EBSS medium, the cells were exposed to 5% CO 2-95% N 2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 6 h, and then the medium was replaced with DMEM medium supplemented with 6% fetal bovine serum to restore oxygen and glucose supply for 24 h. In group OT, trehalose at a final concentration of 50 mmol/L was added during restoration of oxygen and glucose supply. In group OTE, the SLC7A11 inhibitor erastin at a final concentration of 10 μmol/L was added at 8 h before oxygen-glucose deprivation, and trehalose at a final concentration of 50 mmol/L was added during restoration of oxygen and glucose supply. The cell viability, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured at 24 h of restoration of oxygen and glucose supply. The expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase 4 (ACSL4), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was detected by Western blot. The structure of the mitochondrial morphology was observed with a transmission electron microscope. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly decreased, the LDH activity, contents of MDA and iron, and ROS level were increased, the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 was down-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated in group O ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly increased, the LDH activity, contents of MDA and iron, and ROS level were decreased, the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 was up-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was down-regulated in group OT ( P<0.05). Compared with group OT, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly decreased, the LDH activity, contents of MDA and iron, and ROS levels were increased, the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 was down-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated in group OTE ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Trehalose can inhibit ferroptosis by activating the SLC7A11-GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating OGD/R injury in H9C2 cells.

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the diagnosis and treatment of liposome-induced hand-food syndrome （HFS），and to provide reference for rational use of liposome preparation in clinic. METHODS ：One case of elderly female patient with breast cancer ，admitted to our hospital suffered from HFS （grade 2）after treated with Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome ；after successful therapy ，the patient had skin symptoms （grade 3）again due to Paclitaxel liposome ，and clinical pharmacist judged the recurrence of HFS. For symptomatic treatment ，stopping the treatment and external use of hormone was suggested ，and whole-process pharmaceutical care was provided. The pathogenesis ，differential diagnosis ，risk factors and therapeutic drugs of HFS were summarized based on literature review and 2 case reports in the database. RESULTS ：The physicians adopted the suggestion of clinical pharmacists ；the patient ’s symptoms improved significantly on the third day and disappeared after 1 week. Combined with literature analysis and 2 case reports ，doxorubicin liposome metabolized more slowly than non liposomes in palms and soles of feet ，resulting in accumulation of doxorubicin in sweat duct and stratum corneum ，aggravating skin damage and leading to HFS. Sequential paclitaxel in liposome form may also lead to the accumulation in eccrine duct ，further caused skin damage and induced HFS. CONCLUSIONS ：Clinical pharmacists actively participate in the diagnosis and treatment of ADR ， which is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients. At same time ，combination or sequential of Paclitaxel liposome with PLD should be avoided ，as it can lead to ADR as HFS.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Moxibustion treatment for RA has significant efficacy, with high security and without dependency. It can alleviate the symptoms and make the body gradually return to normal level of immunity at the same time. This article reviewed the study on mechanism of moxibustion for the treatment of RA in recent years from the aspects of innate immunity, humeral immunity, cellular immunity, cytokines and immune organs, discussed the existing problems in relevant study, and provided a basis for clinic and future research.

Objective To explore the correlation between thyroid nodules and uric acid levels and to find their gender differences.Methods A total of 68 056 subjects in a regional medical physical examination center of Shanxi Province from January 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study.All the participants′ general information and parameters were recorded.Thyroid nodules were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography.Results The total prevalence of thyroid nodule was 35.5%, 30.7% in males and 40.0% in females.The prevalence of single nodule was 50.1%, and multiple 49.9%.Compared with no nodule group, thyroid nodule group tended to be older, with higher BMI, and with a worse metabolic status(all P<0.01).The uric acid levels were lower[(352.37±78.14 vs 357.70±77.51) μmol/L, P<0.01] in thyroid nodule group in male and higher[(260.22±61.91 vs 253.91±59.18) μmol/L, P<0.01] in female.Conclusion Thyroid nodules may be associated with metabolism and inflammation.In males, hyperuricemia group had lower, while in females, hyperuricemia ones were with a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Objective To observe the effects of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule on the expressions of the main roles, Rock1 and Rock2, in RhoA/Rock signal transduction pathway in rats with myocardial infarction (MI);To explore the possible mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule to improve ventricular remodeling in myocardial fibrosis. Methods The MI model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. Rats with MI were randomly divided into the model group, Fuzheng Huayu group and Fasudil hydrochloride group. A sham-operation group threading without ligation was setting as a control group, with eight rats in each group. The rats were treated with corresponding medicine for 4 weeks from the second day after modeling. The expression of Rock1, Rock2 and its mRNA were detected by immunohistochemical and real-time PCR method. Results The protein expression of Rock1 and Rock2 in model group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operation group (P<0.05). The protein expression of Rock1 and Rock2 in the Fuzheng Huayu group and Fasudil hydrochloride group were lower than those in the model group. The mRNA expression of Rock2 was significantly higher in the model group than that in the sham-operation group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Rock1 in the Fasudil hydrochloride group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Rock2 in the Fuzheng Huayu group and Fasudil hydrochloride group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). Conclusion Fuzheng Huayu Capsule can decrease the expression of Rock1, Rock2 and Rock2 in the marginal zone of myocardial infarction in rats with MI. The anti ventricular remodeling mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu Capsule maybe related with this.

Xingnaojing injection has been widely used in the treatment of cerebral vascular diseases, through the following mechanisms: improving the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, anti-oxidant free radical damage, inhibition of excitatory amino acids (EAA) toxicity and calcium overload, inhibition of apoptosis, reducing cerebral edema and inhibition of autophagy. Thus, the paper summarized its progress.

Objective:To provide reference for clinical pharmacists through pharmaceutical care for patients with hyponatremia en-cephalopathy caused by pituitrin. Methods: Clinical pharmacists provided pharmaceutical care for one patient with hyponatremia en-cephalopathy caused by pituitrin. It was suggested by clinical pharmacists that 3% hypertonic saline and 20% mannitol be used in the patient with sodium ions and renal function monitoring. The patient was also told to increase salt in diets and limit water uptake. Re-sults:The ion levels of the patient returned to normal after the pharmaceutical care. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists play an impor-tant role in the prevention and treatment of hyponatremia encephalopathy caused by pituitrin.

This study investigated the effect of prolonged walking with load carriage on body posture, muscle fatigue, heart rate and blood pressure of the tested subjects. Ten healthy volunteers performed 30 min walking trials on treadmill (speed = 1.1 m/s) with different backpack loads [0% body weight (BW), 10% BW, 15% BW and 20% BW]. The change of body posture, muscle fatigue, heart rate and blood pressure before and after walking and the recovery of muscle fatigue during the rest time (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) were collected using the Bortec AMT-8 and the NDI Optotrak Certus. Results showed that the forward trunk and head angle, muscle fatigue, heart rate and blood pressure increased with the increasing backpack loads and bearing time. With the 20% BW load, the forward angle, muscle fatigue and systolic pressure were significantly higher than with lighter weights. No significantly increased heart rate and diastolic pressure were found. Decreased muscle fatigue was found after removing the backpack in each load trial. But the recovery of the person with 20% BW load was slower than that of 0% BW, 10% BW and 15% BW. These findings indicated that the upper limit of backpack loads for college-aged students should be between 15% BW and 20% BW according to muscle fatigue and forward angle. It is suggested that backpack loads should be restricted to no more than 15% BW for walks of up to 30 min duration to avoid irreversible muscle fatigue.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Exercise Test ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Muscle Fatigue ; Posture ; Walking ; physiology ; Weight-Bearing

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of plasma presepsin levels in patients with sepsis. Methods 92 patients who were admitted to the ICU of the affiliated hospital of Jiangsu University from October 2011 to March 2013 and 30 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into three groups: sepsis, SIRS, and control. Plasma presepsin and serum procalcitonin (PCT) were measured, APACHEⅡscore were calculated at enrollment, and ROC curve was used to analyze the performance index for the diagnosis of sepsis. Results Serum levels of presepsin, PCT and APACHEⅡscore were significantly higher in the death group than in the SIRS group and the control group (P<0.01). Serum levels of presepsin and PCT were higher in the sepsis group than in the SIRS group and the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant statistical difference between the SIRS group and the sepsis group in the APACHEⅡ score (detailed in table 1). Level of plasma presepsin was significantly correlated with serum PCT (r = 0.82); plasma presepsin level was related with the APACHEⅡ score (r = 0.69). The area under the curve (AUC) of presepsin was 0.908 (95%CI 0.848~0.967), greater than the AUC of PCT 0.862 (95%CI 0.787~0.937). The cutoff value of presepsin for discrimination of bacterial and nonbacterial infectious diseases was determined to be 629 pg/mL, of which the clinical sensitivity and specificity were 68.6% and 90%, respectively; when the cutoff value of PCT was 1.98 ng/mL, the clinical sensitivity and specificity were 92%and 65%. Conclusions Level of presepsin increases in patients with sepsis, and an elevated presepsin may suggest the severity of sepsis.