Objective : To investigate the current status of hearing loss in a fastener manufacturing enterprise, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into occupational disease prevention and control. Methods: The occupational health examination data of noise exposed workers and the workplace occupational disease hazard factors detection data in a fastener manufacturing enterprise in Jiaxing City in 2022 were collected through the Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Hazard Factors Detection System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and factors affecting the development of high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss (HFNIHL) and speech-frequency noise-induced hearing loss (SFNIHL) were analyzed. Results: Totally 625 workers were investigated, with a median age of 44.00 (interquartile range, 13.00) years and a median length of service of 8.00 (interquartile range, 9.00) years, and including 519 men (83.04%) and 106 women (16.96%). There were 309 workers with single noise exposure (49.44%) and 316 workers with joint noise exposure (50.56%), and 518 workers exposed to noise with the normalized continuous A-weighted sound pressure level equivalent to a 40 h working week (LEX,40 h) that exceeded the national standard (82.88%). The detection rates of HFNIHL and SFNIHL were 49.12% and 35.04%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that males (OR=10.528, 95%CI: 5.271-21.025), length of service of 10 years and longer (OR=2.451, 95%CI: 1.599-3.759), LEX,40 h of >85 dB (A) (OR=2.227, 95%CI: 1.318-3.764) and joint noise exposure (OR=3.002, 95%CI: 2.080-4.334) were associated with an increased risk of HFNIHL, and male (OR=9.400, 95%CI: 4.211-20.985), LEX,40 h of >85 dB (A) (OR=2.305, 95%CI: 1.345-3.951), and joint noise exposure (OR=3.880, 95%CI: 2.677-5.623) were associated with an increased risk of SFNIHL. Conclusion Gender, length of service, noise intensity and exposure mode are factors affecting the risk of HFNIHL, while gender, noise intensity and exposure mode are factors affecting the risk of SFNIHL.

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical comprehensive value of 15 Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B， in order to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS According to the Management Guidelines for Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals （2021 Version for Trial Implementation）， systematic literature review， meta-analysis and other related data analysis methods were used to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis for the safety， efficacy， economy， suitability， accessibility and innovation of 15 Chinese patent medicines. RESULTS In terms of safety， most of the adverse drug reactions of chronic hepatitis B Chinese patent medicines before the market were unobserved or unclear； post-marketing safety took nucleoside analogs as the intermediate bridge for meta-analysis， there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions among the combined regimens of Chinese patent medicines （P＞0.05）， except that the combination regimen of Fuzheng huayu capsule， Compound yiganling capsules versus combination regimen of Jiuwei gantai capsules showed statistically significant differences （P＜0.05）. In terms of effectiveness， the results of network meta-analysis showed that most Chinese patent medicines， such as Fuzheng huayu capsules combined regimens， had no significant differences in effective rate， HBeAg negative conversion rate and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate （P＞0.05）； however， in reducing the liver elastic hardness value， the combined regimen of Dangfei liganning tablet （capsule） was better than the other combined regimens （P＜0.05）. In terms of economy， the highest cost was the Shuganning injection， and the lowest was Hepatitis B qingre jiedu granules. In terms of suitability， most of the medicines were capsules， tablets and granules， which only needed to be sealed to store and taken orally or taken with boiling water. Compared with injections and some similar products that required strict control of storage temperature， its suitability was better. In terms of accessibility， from the perspective of drug price and affordability， Shuganning injection had the highest average daily cost， the number of days that needed to be borne by the average daily wage was the highest； the average daily cost of Compound yiganling tablets was the lowest， and the number of days required to be borne by the average daily wage was the lowest. From the perspective of availability， Compound biejia ruangan tablets， Dangfei liganning capsules and Wuzhi granules were easier to obtain. In terms of innovation， the 15 Chinese patent medicines included in the study were all domestically produced medicines with a relatively long-term theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine and experience in human medicine， and had good industrial innovation. Among them， Compound huayu tablets （capsules） and Anluo huaxian pills were protected varieties of traditional Chinese medicine； Fuzheng huayu tablets （capsules） with more patents had 6 valid patents， all of which were patents for invention. CONCLUSIONS Wuzhi capsule， Sedum sarmentosum granules， Compound yiganling tablets， Rhubarb buchong pills and Dangfei liganning capsules have high clinical comprehensive value.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of exposure to atmospheric particulate matters on the outpatient visits of respiratory disorders in Jiaxing City，Zhejiang Province. MethodsDaily air pollutant monitoring data，meteorological data and outpatient visits of respiratory disorders in Jiaxing City from 2019 to 2021 were collected．A generalized additive model was applied to evaluate the effect and laggeel effect of the concentrations of atmospheric particulates for outpatient visits of respiratory disorders after adjusting for secular trend， day-of-the-week effect， holiday effect， and meteorological variables. ResultsThe daily average concentrations of PM_2.5， PM₁₀， O₃ and NO₂ exceeded the standard， and the proportion of days exceeding the standard was 3.4%， 1.3%， 11.0% and 0.8%， respectively. Every 10 μg·m^-3 increase in PM_2.5 concentration showed the strongest effects on the daily outpatient visits of respiratory disorders， adult and childhood respiratory disorders all on lag07 with ER（95%CI） being 2.29%（1.35%‒3.24%）， 2.31% （1.39%‒3.23%） and 2.65 % （1.36%‒3.96%）， respectively. The maximum ER of outpatient visits for respiratory disorders in children was higher than that in adults. Every 10 μg·m^-3 increase in PM₁₀ concentration showed the strongest effects on the daily outpatient visits of respiratory disorders on lag07， adult respiratory disorders on lag06 and childhood respiratory disorders on lag07 with ER（95%CI） being 1.42% （0.87%‒1.96%）， 1.49%（0.99%‒1.99%） and 1.61% （0.87%‒2.36%）， respectively. The results of double-pollutant model showed that the effect of atmospheric particulate reduced after O₃ was introduced into the model. ConclusionThere are a short-term effect and a laggeel effect of atmospheric particulate on the outpatient visits of respiratory disorders. It is necessary to strengthen the health protection of the respiratory system of the population， especially the children.

To explore the different chloroplast genome characteristics of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, five chloroplast genome sequences of S. hexandrum were compared. Its genome map, repeat sequence, codon preference, inverted repeat (IR)/single-copy (SC) boundary, alignment of chloroplast genome sequences and phylogenetic were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The results showed that: the total length of five chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum, with a typical tetrad structure, were 157 203-157 940 bp, and a total of 133-137 genes were annotated, reflecting the diversity of chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum. Different chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum has different simple sequence repeat (SSR), where simple repeat of single nucleotide of A/T were the majority among the SSR detected. The interspersed repetitive sequences included direct, palindromic and inverted repeats. The value of effective number of codon (ENc) which was analyzed by using codon bias was 51.14~51.17, the proportion of GC and GC3s was less than 50%, the codon usage pattern tended towards frequently use of A/U-ending bases. Genome sequences and the IR/SC boundaries of five chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum were relatively conservative. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. hexandrum and Podophyllum pettatum had the closest genetic relationship. In summary, the chloroplast genome characteristics and evolutionary relationship of different chloroplast genomes of S. hexandrum were obtained, which may facilitate the utilization, protection, variety identification and genetic evolution of S. hexandrum resources.
Phylogeny ; Genome, Chloroplast ; Chloroplasts/genetics* ; Genomics ; Evolution, Molecular

Objective: To investigate the relationship between working duration and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Internet enterprise employees. Methods: Employees were randomly sampled from five Internet enterprises in Jiaxing City of Zhejiang Province using the cluster sampling method. Participants' demographics and working duration were collected using questionnaire surveys, and the fatigue accumulation and WMSDs were assessed using the Self-diagnosis Questionnaire for Fatigue Accumulation and the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. The working duration per week was classified into 40 h and less, 40 to 48 h, 48 to 56 h and 56 h and longer, and more than 40 h working duration per week was defined as long working duration. The association between working duration and WMSDs was examined with a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Among 334 questionnaires recovered, 280 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 83.83%. The participants included 211 men (75.36%) and 69 women (24.64%), and there were 204 participants at ages of less than 36 years (72.86%) and 234 participants with long working duration (83.57%). The detection of fatigue accumulation and WMSDs was 33.21% and 65.36% among the participants, with the highest prevalence of WMSDs detected in the neck (52.50%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that weekly working duration correlated with WMSDs (>40 to 48 h, OR=2.199, 95%CI: 1.083-4.468; >56 h, OR=6.688, 95%CI: 1.902-23.520) after adjustment for gender, marital status and sleep disorders. If fatigue accumulation was included in the model, there was no statistical correlation between weekly working duration and WMSDs (P>0.05). Conclusion Long working duration may increase the risk of WMSDs among Internet enterprise employees, and fatigue accumulation may play a mediating role.