Objective To investigate the expression of PIK3CA,phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT)and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN)in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma(SNSCC).Methods The expressions of PIK3CA and PTEN in head and neck squamous cell carci-noma(HNSCC)were analyzed through the data set of HNSCC in the cancer genome map of UCSC Xena data-base.The immunohistochemical SP method was used to measure the expression of PIK3CA,p-AKT and PTEN in 43 cases of SNSCC tissues,20 cases of normal inferior concha tissues.The relationship between the expressions of PIK3CA,p-AKT and PTEN protein with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients with SNSCC was analyzed.Results The results of bioinformatic analysis showed that PIK3CA mR-NA expression in HNSCC tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues(P＜0.01),while the PTEN mRNA expression was lower than that in paracancerous tissues(P＜0.05).The immunohistochemical detec-tion results showed that the positive expressions rates of PIK3CA and p-AKT proteins in normal nasal mucosa tissues were significantly lower than those in SNSCC tissues,while the positive expression rate of PTEN pro-tein in SNSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal inferior nasal concha mucosa tissues,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.01).The expressions of PIK3CA and p-AKT protein were related to the clinical stage,differentiation degree and primary site(P＜0.05),but were not related to age,gender,smoking and drinking(P＞0.05);the PTEN protein expression was not related with the clinical stage,differentiation degree,primary site,age,smoking and drinking(P＞0.05).The Spearman analysis showed that the expression of PIK3CA in SNSCC tissues was positively correlated with p-AKT protein ex-pression(r=0.664,P＜0.01),and PIK3CA was negatively correlated with PTEN protein(r=-0.414,P＜0.01).The expression of p-AKT was negatively correlated with PTEN protein(r=-0.453,P＜0.01).The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median survival time of the patients with PIK3CA and p-AKT protein positive expression was shorter than that of the patients with negative expression(P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in median survival between the patients with PTEN protein positive expres-sion and those with negative expression.Conclusion The overexpressions of PIK3CA and p-AKT accompa-nied by the loss of PTEN expression participate in the development and progression of SNSCC,moreover the PIK3CA and p-AKT expressions are related to the poor prognosis of the patients.

Objective To investigate the expression of HOXB4 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syn-dromes(MDS)and its clinical significance in disease progression.Methods mRNA expression of HOXB4 gene in bone marrow mononuclear cells was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),and the difference in HOXB4 expression was compared between 49 patients with MDS(MDS group)and 35 patients without MDS(group C).The relationship of mRNA expression of HOXB4 with disease characteristics and clinical prognosis was explored in MDS patients.Results mRNA expression level of HOXB4 gene was higher in MDS group than that in group C(P＜0.05).The patients were divided into a high-and a low-expression group according to the median expression level of HOXB4.Leukocyte count was lower in the high-expression group in the low-expression group at the time of initial diagnosis.The proportion of patients with subtypes of primitive cellular hyperplasia,poor prognostic staging and leukemic transformation was higher in the high-expression group than in the low-expression group.Conclusions mRNA expression level of HOXB4 gene has certain relation with AML transformation in MDS patients.

Objective To investigate the role of Kelch-like-epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor-2-related factor 2(Keap1-Nrf2)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways in sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods Male C57BL/6J mice of SPF were randomly divided into four groups(n=10):the control group and LPS 6 h,24 h and 48 h groups.The behavioral changes of the mice were assessed based on their general conditions and open field test(OFT).ELISA was used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum,and the antioxidant capacity assay kit to examine antioxidant activity in brain tissues of mice.Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)was adopted to detect the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor4(Tlr4),NF-κB,Keap1 and Nrf2 in the hippocampus,and to determine protein expressions of NF-κB a Nrf2、Keap1 and Tlr4 with Western blotting.Results Compared to the control group,the serum concentrations of interleukin 6(IL-6)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)groups increased at 6 h,and reached the peak at 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.01).The levels of serum interleukin 18(IL-18)in the LPS groups increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h(P＜0.01)but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the 48h group.The results indicated the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in brain tissues in LPS groups increased(P＜0.01).OFT results showed the time spent in the center of the open field,the distance covered around the center,and total distance covered by mice in LPS groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),except for the time spent in the center of the open field in the LPS 24 h group.The mRNA expressions of Tlr4 and(LPS 6 h,48 h)NF-κB in the hippocampus tissue of mice in LPS groups were elevated(P＜0.05),so were the mRNA expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in LPS 6 h group.Additionally,the protein expressions of NF-κB,Keap1 and Tlr4 increased in LPS groups,so did the protein expression of Nrf2 in LPS 24 h and 48 h groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Keap1-Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways may play a certain role in SAE.

Objective:To understand the current status of the level of chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy and health anxiety among chronic disease residents, as well as the urban-rural differences, in order to provide a basis for improving the level of chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy among chronic disease residents.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From July to August 2022, a multi-stage random sampling method was adopted to select 201 rural residents with chronic diseases in one rural health center and 242 urban residents with chronic diseases in two community health service centers. General demographic characteristics questionnaire, Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Literacy Questionnaire and Short version of Health Anxiety Scale were used for questionnaire survey.Results:There were 93 males and 108 females with chronic diseases in 201 rural chronic disease residents, and the age range was 19-69 years. There were 116 males and 126 females with chronic diseases in 242 urban chronic disease residents, and the age range was 18-69 years old. The score of chronic disease prevention and control literacy of rural chronic disease residents (7.86 ± 2.25) was lower than that of urban chronic disease residents (8.55 ± 2.03). The score of health anxiety of rural chronic disease residents (13.69 ± 5.26) was higher than that of urban chronic disease residents (11.67 ± 5.95). Both differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.43, 3.79, both P<0.05). After controlling the general demographic data, the layered linear regression analysis of rural chronic disease residents and urban chronic disease residents showed that health anxiety can negatively affect rural chronic disease residents and urban chronic disease residents of chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy level ( β=-0.185, -0.129, both P<0.05). Conclusions:There are urban-rural differences in chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy and health anxiety of chronic disease residents in community. It is necessary to strengthen psychological construction among rural chronic disease residents in order to improve their chronic disease prevention and treatment literacy.

Objective To advance China's foreign medical work to a new level by comparing medical teams from Japan,the United States,and India,focusing on transforming and upgrading to international development cooperation.Methods Liter-ature and data on the foreign medical teams of the three countries were retrieved and compared in five aspects:institutional mech-anisms,forms of assistance,foreign medical training,traditional medicine assistance,and evaluation of assistance effectiveness.Results Among the three countries,Japan and the United States showed minor differences in their approaches to foreign medical assistance,while India exhibited a distinct pattern.Conclusion China can enhance the international profile of its medical teams,consider both domestic and international interests,and continuously refine the overall strategy for foreign medical aid.Specifically,the country needs to optimize China's contribution to global health by way of strengthening international health ex-changes and cooperation and establishing a 5G smart medical technology platform for remote assistance.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of Yunnan Baiyao in middle aged and elderly lung cancer patients undergoing the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic.Methods A total of 90 patients with non-small cell lung cancer meeting the criterias were screened and divided into two groups according to random number table method,which respectively received conventional treatment(control group)and Yunnan Baiyao treatment(experimental group).The perioperative period related indexes,coagulation function related indexes,and the occurrence rate of complications were observed and compared between the two groups.Results The intraoperative bleeding volume and thoracic drainage volume for the first day of experimental group were significantly lower than control group(P＜0.05).However,there were no significant difference in the coagulation function related indexes between two groups before and after surgery(P＞0.05).Additionally,there were also no significant difference in the occurrence rate of complication between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Yunnan Baiyao can reduce intraoperative bleeding volume and chest tube drainage volume for the first day,promots the recovery of patients,and has a good clinical application value.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations result in a variety of genetic diseases. As an emerging therapeutic method, mtDNA editing technology recognizes targets more based on the protein and less on the nucleic acid. Although the protein recognition type mtDNA editing technology represented by zinc finger nuclease technology, transcription activator like effector nuclease technology and base editing technology has made some progress, the disadvantages of complex recognition sequence design hinder further popularization. Gene editing based on nucleic acid recognition by the CRISPR system shows superiority due to the simple structure, easy design and modification. However, the lack of effective means to deliver nucleic acids into mitochondria limits application in the field of mtDNA editing. With the advances in the study of endogenous and exogenous import pathways and the deepening understanding of DNA repair mechanisms, growing evidence shows the feasibility of nucleic acid delivery and the broad application prospects of nucleic acid recognition type mtDNA editing technology. Based on the classification of recognition elements, this article summarizes the current principles and development of mitochondrial gene editing technology, and discusses its application prospects.
Genes, Mitochondrial ; Gene Editing ; Mitochondria/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics* ; Nucleic Acids ; Technology

Objective To study the short-term variation patterns of graft viscosity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. Methods Six male New Zealand rabbits were selected. The ACLR animal model of unilateral knee was made with Achilles tendon as the graft. The experimental rabbits were euthanized 15 days after ACLR surgery, with removal of the graft, healthy anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Achilles tendon. The cross-sectional area and viscosity coefficient of the graft were measured, and the creep experiments were carried out under equilibrium conditions of 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa, respectively. The viscosity coefficent was calculated. Variation patterns of graft viscosity were summarize. The grafts were compared with healthy ACL. Results The cross-sectional area of the graft increased slowly within 15 days after ACLR surgery. The viscosity of ACL and graft changed nonlinearly. The viscosity coefficient was quite different under different stresses. The viscosity coefficient of the graft decreased with the time after ACLR surgery, which was more obviously under the condition of low stress. Conclusions The results are helpful to guide the implementation of early postoperative rehabilitation plan after ACLR surgery .

Objective    To compare and analyze the effect of myocardial protection between HTK and del Nido cardioplegia solutions in neonates with surgeries for transposition of the great arteries. Methods    The clinical data of 208 neonates with complete transposition of the great arteries in our institution from 2014 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the cardioplegia solutions utilized in the operations, the patients were divided into two groups: a HTK group and a del Nido group. Propensity score matching was conducted to eliminate the biases. The cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time, total amount of cardioplegia solutions, transfusion frequency of cardioplegia, ICU stay time, mechanical support time, inotropic score, hospital stay, left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal proBNP and troponin I were compared and analyzed between the two groups after matching. Results    After 1:1 propensity score matching, a total of 54 patients were analyzed with 27 patients in each group. In the HTK group, there were 22 males and 5 females with a median age of 7.0 (2.0, 11.0) d. In the del Nido group, there were 23 males and 4 females with a median age of 8.0 (3.0, 11.0) d. A total of 3 children died after the surgery: 2 (7.4%) patients in the HTK group and 1 (3.7%) patient in the del Nido group. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the two groups (P=1.000). The total amount of cardioplegia solutions in the HTK group was significantly higher than that of del Nido group (P<0.001). Transfusion frequency of cardioplegia in del Nido group was significantly higher than that of the HTK group (P=0.043). There was no significant difference in the postoperative ICU time, mechanical support time, length of hospital stay, inotropic score, left ventricular ejection fraction, N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor or troponin I between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion    For neonates with surgeries for complete transposition of the great arteries, HTK cardioplegia solutions can provide effective and safe myocardial protection, which is similar to del Nido cardioplegia solutions.

Humans ; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism* ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism* ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein/metabolism* ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism*