ObjectiveTo investigate the acute effects of compound air pollution on children’s respiratory function. MethodsUsing panel group study design， 223 students in five classes of grade 4 from two primary schools （a， b） in Xuhui and Hongkou districts of Shanghai were randomly selected to measure pulmonary function and exhaled nitric oxide （FeNO）. The first three tests were carried out from May to June in 2020， and the fourth test was carried out from September to December in 2021. At the same time， the daily and hourly mean values of PM_2.5， PM₁₀， SO₂， NO₂， O₃ and CO was collected from the nearby air quality monitoring points of the two schools during the same period ， as well as meteorological monitoring data （temperature， humidity， wind speed and atmospheric pressure）. The linear mixed effect model was used to analyze the effects of air pollution on pulmonary function and respiratory inflammation in the summer. ResultsThe results of single pollutant model showed that PM_2.5， PM_10， SO₂ and NO₂ were positively correlated with FeNO， and the effect was reflected in lag0， lag1 and lag3 （P<0.05）. PM_2.5， PM₁₀ and NO₂ were negatively correlated with the changes of lung function FEF_25%， FEF_50%， FEF_75%， FeF_25%-75%， PEF， FVC， FEV1 and FEV1/FVC， and the effect was reflected in lag0 to lag3 days （P<0.05）. The results of the dual pollutant model showed that the concentration changes of SO₂ and NO₂ were significantly correlated with the decrease of FEV1 when combined with O₃ or PM_2.5 （P<0.01）， and the concentration changes of PM_2.5 was significantly correlated with the increase of FeNO when O₃， SO₂ and NO₂ were combined respectively （P<0.01）. The effects of the dual pollutant model were greater than the effect of PM_2.5 single pollutant model. ConclusionThe health effects of different air pollutants on children’s respiratory tract function indexes in summer are different. The combined effects of two pollutants on the lung function of children increased to different degrees. Although air pollution is light in summer， it still has an impact on children’s respiratory tract function index and inflammation index， and the combined effect of dual pollutants is more significant than that of single pollutant.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of poloxamer hydrogel loaded with exosomes derived from human dental pulp stem cells genetically modified with human hepatocyte growth factor against radiation skin injuries.Methods Human dental pulp stem cells derived exosomes(DPSC-Exo)and hepatocyte growth factor modified DPSC-Exo(HGF-DPSC-Exo)were extracted via ultracentrifugation separation,identified in terms of particle size and morphology,and analyzed separately by means of nanoparticle tracking analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),while exosome marker proteins were determined by Western blot.Then,the effect of exosomes on radiation-damaged skin cells was assessed.The poloxamer hydrogel was prepared and its safety was evaluated with CCK-8.A mouse model of injury combined with radiation injury was established,and the therapeutic effect of hydrogel loaded with exosomes was determined based on wound size,HE and Masson staining.Furthermore,the underlining therapeutic mechanism was explored with Tunnel assay,malondialdehyde content and peroxidase activity.Results The diameter exosomes ranged from 30 to 150 nm and their morphology was a disc-shaped vesicle under SEM.Moreover,CD9,CD63 and TSG101 were expressed.The results of cellular experiments showed that exosomes significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of radiation-damaged skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts,and reduced their apoptosis.HGF modification enhanced the healing effect of exosomes.Poloxamer hydrogel showed good temperature-sensitive properties and biocompatibility.The results of animal experiments showed that exosomes significantly accelerated the healing of radiation-combined injuries in mice,inhibited inflammatory infiltration and mitigated collagen deposition in the wound.Interestingly,the healing effect in the group treated with hydrogel loaded with exosomes was the best.The underlining mechanism was possibly related to promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis and oxidative stress.Conclusion A novel poloxamer hydrogel loaded HGF-DPSC-Exo has been prepared and its therapeutic effect against radiation combined injury has been proved,thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of radiation skin injury in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the application value and safety of donor renal biopsy during laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 45 pairs of living donor and recipients who underwent living kidney transplantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2023 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Remuzzi score was used to evaluate the renal biopsy pathology of the donor kidney. Recipients and donors were divided in different groups by donor age and Remuzzi score of the donor kidney biopsy. The clinical data, pathological data and renal function of the donors in different groups were compared. Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the data satisfied the normal distribution. The measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s). The measurement data with non-normal distribution were expressed as median (interquartile range) [ M( Q1, Q3)], and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as the number of cases and percentage, and the Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method was used for comparison between groups. Results:One recipient suffered from postoperative arteriovenous fistula, and the other living kidney transplant donors and recipients had no serious complications related to biopsy. Among the 45 cases of donor renal biopsy pathology, glomerular number was ≥20 in 36 cases (80.0%). There were 20 cases (44.4%, 20/45) in the high Remuzzi score group (≥4 points) and 25 cases (55.6%, 25/45) in the low Remuzzi score group (≤3 points). There were 17 cases (37.8%, 17/45) with IgA deposition and 1 case (2.2%, 1/45) with IgA nephropathy. There was no significant difference between the high Remuzzi score group and the low Remuzzi score group in terms of estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) half year after surgery ( P> 0.05). 6 cases (13.3%, 6/45) in the elderly group (age ≥60 years) and 39 cases (86.7%, 39/45) in the young group (age< 60 years) had no significant difference in Remuzzi score, IgA deposition, IgA nephropathy, donor′s eGFR at discharge and recipient′s eGFR half a year after operation ( P> 0.05). Conclusions:Donor renal biopsy during laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is a safe and effective way to evaluate donor kidney. The relationship between the results of abnormal donor kidney biopsy and the prognosis of donors and recipients is not clear, but the donors and recipients with abnormal donor kidney biopsy need to be followed up closely after operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-22-3p on pyroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)induced by homocysteine(Hcy).Methods Human VSMCs were cultured in vitro and divided into a Control group(0 μmol/L Hey)and a Hey group(100 μmol/L Hey).After intervention,expression levels of pro Caspase-1,gasdermin D(GSDMD),N-GSDMD,and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)were detected by Western blot.MiR-22-3p expression was determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.Interleukin(IL)-1 β and IL-18 levels in the supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cells were also transfected with control miR-22-3p(miR-22-3p-NC),miR-22-3p-mimic,and miR-22-3p-inhibitor,to observe the effects on VSMC pyroptosis induced by Hcy.Results Expression levels of pro Caspase-1,GSDMD,N-GSDMD,and NLRP3 in VSMCs were increased(P＜0.05),IL-1 β and IL-18 levels were increased(P＜0.01),and the relative expression level of miR-22-3p was reduced(P＜0.01)in the Hcy group compared with the Control group.Transfection with miR-22-3p-mimic significantly decreased the expression levels of pro Caspase-1,GSDMD,N-GSDMD,and NLRP3 in VSMCs(P＜0.01),and significantly decreased levels of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.01),while transfection with miR-22-3p-inhibitor significantly increased the expression levels of pro Caspase-1,GSDMD,N-GSDMD,and NLRP3 in VSMCs(P＜0.01)and significantly increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-18(P＜0.05).Conclusions MiR-22-3p may delay Hcy-induced VSMC pyroptosis.

{L-End}Objective To analyze the correlation between occupational burnout and sleep quality among steelworkers. {L-End}Methods A total of 11 491 steelworkers from a large steel enterprise in Gansu Province were selected as the research subjects using convenient sampling method. The Burnout Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale were used to investigate their occupational burnout and sleep quality. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of occupational burnout on the sleep quality. {L-End}Results The detection rate of occupational burnout and sleep disorder were 50.4% and 39.0%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the level of occupational burnout and the total score of sleep quality (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.454, P<0.05). The results of hierarchical regression analysis, adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, marital status, education level, alcohol consumption, exercise, weekly working hours, seniority, work shift, noise exposure, dust exposure, and high-temperature work, showed that the score of occupational burnout was positively related to the score of sleep quality(P<0.01), explaining 16.0% of the variance in the score of sleep quality among these steelworkers. {L-End}Conclusion The detection rate of occupational burnout and sleep disorders are relatively high among the steelworkers in this enterprise. Higher levels of occupational burnout are associated with poorer sleep quality. Alleviating occupational burnout among steelworkers may contribute to improving their sleep quality.

Objective:To investigate the effects and advantages of parachute technique in arterial anastomosis of living-donor renal transplantation with anatomical variations of renal artery.Methods:A total of 79 pairs of donors and recipients who received living-donor renal transplantation at the Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively collected. 11 pairs with completeness data and multiple donor renal arteries were selected. According to the different techniques, the cases using parachute technique were classified as experimental group and other cases as control group using traditional two-three-point fixation technique. There were 5 pairs in the experimental group and 6 pairs in the control group. The medical records of the two groups were collected, containing general data, the state of donated kidney, the arterial reonstruction method, the condition of perioperation and recovery of recipients. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). Student- t test was used for inter-group comparison. The Chi-square test or Fisher exact probability method were used to compare the count data of groups. Results:The donations of experimental group and control group were left-sided kidney. There were no statistical difference in age, gender, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate of donors and recipients. The average number of renal arteries in the experimental group was 2.2, and that in the control group was 2.0. There were no statistical difference between the two groups in the mean time of transplantation surgery[(152.0±23.9) min vs (148.3±24.0) min], estimated blood loss [(90.0±41.8) mL vs (91.7±58.5) mL] and mean arterial anastomosis time [(21.0±5.4) min vs (20.8 ± 4.7) min]. At the end of arterial anastomosis, no case in the experimental group need acupuncture or secondary anastomosis, while the control group had 3 cases, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.002). There was no statistical difference in the recovery of renal function and complications related to renal arteries between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Parachute suture technique can more accurately achieve the purpose of layer-to-layer eversion suture of vascular wall under the condition of narrow arterial lumen, and will not significantly prolong the operation time. It may have a good application value in living kidney transplantation with renal artery variation.

Objective:To conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of various drug injections for treating keloids.Methods:The search terms of "triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, verapamil, botulinum toxin, platelet rich plasma, keloid, scar, drug injection" were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database to obtain the publicly published randomized controlled trials comparing single or combined drug injection for treating keloid from January 2010 to February 2023. The outcome index was the effective proportion of treatment, incidence proportion of adverse reactions, and recurrence proportion. NoteExpress, RevMan 5.4, and Stata 16.0 statistical software were utilized to perform a network meta-analysis of eligible studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 1 679 patients were enrolled in 21 studies that evaluated nine treatment modalities: triamcinolone (TAC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), botulinum toxin type A (BTA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Verapamil, BTA+ 5-FU, TAC+ 5-FU, TAC+ BTA, and TAC+ PRP. The network diagram revealed that there were 36 pairwise comparisons among the 9 treatment measures, with direct comparisons in 13 of them. The funnel plot demonstrated a symmetrical distribution of effect size points, and both Beggs test and Eggers test yielded P values greater than 0.05, indicating a low likelihood of publication bias. Nine treatment measures formed five closed loops with good consistency. The result of the network meta-analysis indicated that BTA+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ BTA was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, BTA, or PRP alone; Verapamil was more effective than 5-FU and BTA was more effective than 5-FU. All result were found to be statistically significant ( P<0.05). A surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) map was generated, displaying the efficacy ranking and corresponding SUCRA values for each treatment: BTA+ 5-FU (85.6%)>TAC+ 5-FU (84.8%)>BTA+ TAC (76.7%)>Verapamil (48.9%)>BTA (45.0%)>TAC+ PRP (43.8%)>PRP (32.1%)>TAC (24.7%)>5-FU(8.3%). In terms of recurrence rate, the incidence of recurrence was higher with 5-FU compared to BTA or TAC+ 5-FU, and the incidence of recurrence was higher with TAC compared to TAC+ 5-FU; these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). A SUCRA map was generated with the ranking and SUCRA value for each treatment as follows: 5-FU (80.4%)>TAC (73.5%)>Verapamil (65.7%)>TAC+ BTA (52.5%)>PRP (34.8%)>BTA+ 5-FU (33.7%)>TAC+ 5-FU (30.2%)>BTA (29.3%). The qualitative analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of systemic and local adverse reactions following combined drug injection compared to single drug injection. Conclusion:In the treatment of keloids using drug injection, combination therapy utilizing multiple drugs has demonstrated superior efficacy, lower recurrence rates, and fewer adverse reactions in comparison to single-drug therapy. Notably, the utilization of BAT, 5-FU, and TAC in combination may yield the most favorable outcomes.

Objective:To conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of various drug injections for treating keloids.Methods:The search terms of "triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil, verapamil, botulinum toxin, platelet rich plasma, keloid, scar, drug injection" were retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database to obtain the publicly published randomized controlled trials comparing single or combined drug injection for treating keloid from January 2010 to February 2023. The outcome index was the effective proportion of treatment, incidence proportion of adverse reactions, and recurrence proportion. NoteExpress, RevMan 5.4, and Stata 16.0 statistical software were utilized to perform a network meta-analysis of eligible studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 1 679 patients were enrolled in 21 studies that evaluated nine treatment modalities: triamcinolone (TAC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), botulinum toxin type A (BTA), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), Verapamil, BTA+ 5-FU, TAC+ 5-FU, TAC+ BTA, and TAC+ PRP. The network diagram revealed that there were 36 pairwise comparisons among the 9 treatment measures, with direct comparisons in 13 of them. The funnel plot demonstrated a symmetrical distribution of effect size points, and both Beggs test and Eggers test yielded P values greater than 0.05, indicating a low likelihood of publication bias. Nine treatment measures formed five closed loops with good consistency. The result of the network meta-analysis indicated that BTA+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ 5-FU was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, or PRP alone; TAC+ BTA was more effective than TAC, 5-FU, BTA, or PRP alone; Verapamil was more effective than 5-FU and BTA was more effective than 5-FU. All result were found to be statistically significant ( P<0.05). A surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) map was generated, displaying the efficacy ranking and corresponding SUCRA values for each treatment: BTA+ 5-FU (85.6%)>TAC+ 5-FU (84.8%)>BTA+ TAC (76.7%)>Verapamil (48.9%)>BTA (45.0%)>TAC+ PRP (43.8%)>PRP (32.1%)>TAC (24.7%)>5-FU(8.3%). In terms of recurrence rate, the incidence of recurrence was higher with 5-FU compared to BTA or TAC+ 5-FU, and the incidence of recurrence was higher with TAC compared to TAC+ 5-FU; these differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). A SUCRA map was generated with the ranking and SUCRA value for each treatment as follows: 5-FU (80.4%)>TAC (73.5%)>Verapamil (65.7%)>TAC+ BTA (52.5%)>PRP (34.8%)>BTA+ 5-FU (33.7%)>TAC+ 5-FU (30.2%)>BTA (29.3%). The qualitative analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of systemic and local adverse reactions following combined drug injection compared to single drug injection. Conclusion:In the treatment of keloids using drug injection, combination therapy utilizing multiple drugs has demonstrated superior efficacy, lower recurrence rates, and fewer adverse reactions in comparison to single-drug therapy. Notably, the utilization of BAT, 5-FU, and TAC in combination may yield the most favorable outcomes.

As novel coronavirus infection has become a major public health problem affecting human health, vaccination is the most effective means of preventing novel coronavirus infection.Therefore, besides implementing regular epidemic prevention and control, it has become the consensus of international community for effective prevention and control of novel coronavirus infection through accelerating the speed of novel coronavirus vaccination, expanding the scope of vaccination and improving public vaccination rate.Kidney transplant recipients are at an elevated risk of novel coronavirus infection.This population has been in a low immune state for a long time.Thus there are problems such as reduced immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccine, selection and use of vaccine and breakthrough of infection.Based upon the published international and domestic data, this paper serves as a practical reference for clinicians and healthcare workers to provide consultations to kidney transplant recipients about the administration of novel coronavirus vaccine.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the primary factor affecting the long-term prognosis of kidney transplant recipients and kidney allograft. Currently, there is no universally recognized or approved drug for the treatment of AMR. Therefore, more novel drug studies and clinical trials are urgently needed in order to change the long-term prognosis of kidney transplant recipients. Based on the core principles of prevention and treatment of AMR, this paper discusses the mechanism and efficacy of several new types of drugs of most concern in the treatment of AMR from three aspects: removing donor specific antibody, blocking antibody-mediated and complement-mediated tissue damage, and inhibiting the proliferation and activation of antibody-producing cells. These emerging drugs have shown potential in preventing and treating AMR and improving the prognosis of recipients, which is expected to change the dilemma of AMR treatment in the future and provide more effective treatment options for improving the long-term prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.