Objective To explore MRI findings of gouty arthritis(GA)of knee joint.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 14 patients with GA of knee joint diagnosed with dual-energy CT,and their MRI findings were analyzed.Results In 14 patients with GA of knee joint,dual-energy CT showed that uric acid crystals were mainly deposited in tendons,ligaments,synovium and articular cartilage,including 6 cases in quadriceps tendon,4 cases in patellar ligament,2 cases in anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments,and the remaining 2 cases mainly involved the synovium around the knee joint.MRI showed that the signals of the tophi were similar to those of muscles on T1WI,while the signals on PDWI was diversified,mainly ranging from heterogeneous isointensity to heterogeneous hyperintensity.Conclusion The location and MRI signal characteristics of knee GA patients are specific,and MRI is conducive to display gout crystallization and early manifestations.

Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Gastrectomy ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasm Staging

The secondary damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) involves a variety of pathological processes, and the inflammatory response in the nervous system is an important factor which affects nerve repair and regeneration. As the innate immune cell in the nervous system, microglia (MG) plays an important role in the entire neuroinflammatory environment by regulating the activation state of MG and changing the inflammatory response in the direction of promoting nerve repair and regeneration, which has great potential in treatment of TBI. This article reviews the inflammatory response of the nervous system after TBI and the reactivity of MG, as well as their significance in nerve repair and regeneration.

Objective:To compare the short-term clinical effect between laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP).Methods:We performed a retrospective study on 161 patients who underwent pancreatectomy between September 2017 to December 2018 in the Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. According to the mode of operation, the patients were divided into the LDP group ( n=43) and the ODP group ( n=118). To compare the short-term clinical effect and safety between the LDP group and the ODP group, the preoperative clinical data, intraoperative related index, postoperative complication, postoperative recovery index, preoperative and postoperative inflammatory index were analyzed. Results:The preoperative clinical characteristics between the LDP group and the ODP group were not statistically different ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in LDP group was (194.19±241.83) ml, significantly less than (315.17±295.94) ml in ODP group ( P<0.05), and the postoperative exhaust time in LDP group was (3.00±0.72) days, significantly shorter than (4.05±0.97) days in OPD group ( P<0.001). The time to get out of bed in LDP group was (3.14±1.01) days, significantly shorter than (3.55±1.05) days in OPD group ( P<0.05). The postoperative eating time in LDP group was (3.88±1.61) days, significantly shorter than (5.11±1.56) days in ODP group ( P<0.001). The time of the drainage tube removal in LDP group was (8.44±1.93) days, significantly shorter than (9.82±3.70) days in ODP group ( P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay in LDP group was (9.65±3.57) days, significantly shorter than (11.99±6.57) days in ODP group ( P<0.05). The mean operation time in LDP group was (168.65±55.45) min, shorter than (171.23±65.61) min in ODP group, but without significant difference ( P>0.05). The incidences of non-pancreatic fistula-related complications in LDP group and ODP group were 16.3% and 11.0%, respectively, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). The incidences of pancreatic fistula in LDP group and ODP group were 16.3% and 19.5%, respectively, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). The total incidences of complications in LDP group and ODP group were 32.6% and 30.5%, respectively, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). The preoperative and postoperative inflammatory indexes between these two groups were not statistically different ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with ODP, LDP has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, faster postoperative recovery, shorter postoperative hospital stays, without increased postoperative complications and prolonged operation time. LDP is a safe and feasible operation method, and its short-term clinical effect is better than that of ODP.

Objective:To compare the short-term clinical effect between laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP).Methods:We performed a retrospective study on 161 patients who underwent pancreatectomy between September 2017 to December 2018 in the Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. According to the mode of operation, the patients were divided into the LDP group ( n=43) and the ODP group ( n=118). To compare the short-term clinical effect and safety between the LDP group and the ODP group, the preoperative clinical data, intraoperative related index, postoperative complication, postoperative recovery index, preoperative and postoperative inflammatory index were analyzed. Results:The preoperative clinical characteristics between the LDP group and the ODP group were not statistically different ( P>0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in LDP group was (194.19±241.83) ml, significantly less than (315.17±295.94) ml in ODP group ( P<0.05), and the postoperative exhaust time in LDP group was (3.00±0.72) days, significantly shorter than (4.05±0.97) days in OPD group ( P<0.001). The time to get out of bed in LDP group was (3.14±1.01) days, significantly shorter than (3.55±1.05) days in OPD group ( P<0.05). The postoperative eating time in LDP group was (3.88±1.61) days, significantly shorter than (5.11±1.56) days in ODP group ( P<0.001). The time of the drainage tube removal in LDP group was (8.44±1.93) days, significantly shorter than (9.82±3.70) days in ODP group ( P<0.05). The postoperative hospital stay in LDP group was (9.65±3.57) days, significantly shorter than (11.99±6.57) days in ODP group ( P<0.05). The mean operation time in LDP group was (168.65±55.45) min, shorter than (171.23±65.61) min in ODP group, but without significant difference ( P>0.05). The incidences of non-pancreatic fistula-related complications in LDP group and ODP group were 16.3% and 11.0%, respectively, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). The incidences of pancreatic fistula in LDP group and ODP group were 16.3% and 19.5%, respectively, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). The total incidences of complications in LDP group and ODP group were 32.6% and 30.5%, respectively, without statistical significance ( P>0.05). The preoperative and postoperative inflammatory indexes between these two groups were not statistically different ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with ODP, LDP has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, faster postoperative recovery, shorter postoperative hospital stays, without increased postoperative complications and prolonged operation time. LDP is a safe and feasible operation method, and its short-term clinical effect is better than that of ODP.

Objective TostudythevalueofquantitativeparametersofDCE-MRIandthreedimensionalarterialspinlabeling(3D-ASL) inpreoperativegliomagrading.Methods 70patientsdiagnosedpathologicallywithinitialgliomawereassessedretrospectively,including 32caseswithlow-gradeglioma(LGG)and38caseswithhigh-gradeglioma(HGG).Allpatientsunderwentconventional,enhanced, DCEand3D-ASL MRIat3.0Tbeforesurgery.TheparametricvaluesofDCEsuchasvolumetransferconstant(Ktrans),extravascular extracellularspacevolumefraction(Ve),therateconstant(Kep),fractionalplasmavolume(Vp),cerebralbloodflow (CBF)andcerebral bloodvolume(CBV)wereobtainedbycorrespondingpost-processingsoftware.ThecerebralbloodflowofASL (ASL-CBF)wasalso obtained.Ttestoftwoindependentsampleswasusedtoanalyzewhetherthemaximumandaveragevaluesofeachparameterwere statisticallydifferentbetweenLGGand HGG.Thediagnosticaccuracyofdifferenttechniqueforgliomagradingwasdeterminedby ROCcurveanalysis.Results ThemaximumvaluesofDCE-Ktrans,Ve,rCBVandmaximumvalueofASL-rCBFwerestatisticallydifferent betweentheHGGandLGG (P＜0.05).AlltheparametricaveragevalueswerestatisticallydifferentbetweentheHGGandLGG (P＜0.05).ThemaximumandaveragevaluesofKtranshadarelativelyhighestdiagnosticefficiencyinallparameters,withtheAUCwere0.986 and0.971,theoptimumthresholdwere0.264and0.068,thesensitivitywere93.3%and94.1%,andthespecificitywere100%and 100%,respectively.ThemaximumvaluesofVe,rCBV,ASL-rCBFandtheaveragevaluesofallparametershadarelativelyhigher diagnosticefficiency.Conclusion ThemaximumvaluesofKtrans,VeandrCBFofDCE,themaximumvalueofASL-rCBFandtheaverage valueofeachparameterwereusefultodistinguishbetweenLGGand HGG.ThemaximumandaveragevaluesofKtransarethebest parametersforidentifyingHGGandLGG.

Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility and short-term outcome of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG). Methods: Seventy-five patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science between August 2015 and April 2018 were enrolled in this study. A total of 46 laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) cases and 29 TLDG cases were included. The Short-term outcomes and safeties of the two groups were compared. Results: The operation time of TLDG group was significantly longer than that of LADG group (207±41 vs. 156±34 min, P<0.001), while the length of wound was shorter in the TLDG group (3.6±0.6 vs. 5.8±0.8 cm, P<0.001). The time to first flatus in TLDG group was (3.3±0.6) days, significantly shorter than (3.7±0.8) days in LADG group (P=0.034). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the estimated blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, extraction of gastric tube, drainage tube removal, interval of the first time to eat semi-liquid food, postoperative hospital stays, surgical complications, number of retrieved lymph nodes, proximal and distal resection margin lengths (all P>0.05). The white blood cell count at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group was (10.96±1.96) ×10⁹/L, significantly lower than (12.49±3.46)×10⁹/L of the LADG group (P=0.017). While the CRP level at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group were lower than that of LADG group, no statistical difference was observed (P=0.072). Conclusions Our study shows that TLDG is safe and feasible. TLDG has better cosmesis, less blood loss, and faster recovery compared to LADG.

Objective To assess the safety, feasibility and short?term outcome of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG). Methods Seventy?five patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science between August 2015 and April 2018 were enrolled in this study. A total of 46 laparoscopy?assisted distal gastrectomy ( LADG) cases and 29 TLDG cases were included. The Short?term outcomes and safeties of the two groups were compared. Results The operation time of TLDG group was significantly longer than that of LADG group (207±41 vs. 156± 34 min, P＜0.001), while the length of wound was shorter in the TLDG group (3.6±0.6 vs. 5.8±0.8 cm, P＜0.001). The time to first flatus in TLDG group was (3.3±0.6) days, significantly shorter than (3.7±0.8) days in LADG group ( P＝0.034). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the estimated blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, extraction of gastric tube, drainage tube removal, interval of the first time to eat semi?liquid food, postoperative hospital stays, surgical complications, number of retrieved lymph nodes, proximal and distal resection margin lengths ( all P＞0.05). The white blood cell count at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group was (10.96±1.96)×109／L, significantly lower than (12.49± 3.46)×109／L of the LADG group ( P＝0.017).While the CRP level at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group were lower than that of LADG group, no statistical difference was observed (P＝0.072). Conclusions Our study shows that TLDG is safe and feasible. TLDG has better cosmesis, less blood loss, and faster recovery compared to LADG.

Objective To assess the safety, feasibility and short?term outcome of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy(TLDG). Methods Seventy?five patients who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science between August 2015 and April 2018 were enrolled in this study. A total of 46 laparoscopy?assisted distal gastrectomy ( LADG) cases and 29 TLDG cases were included. The Short?term outcomes and safeties of the two groups were compared. Results The operation time of TLDG group was significantly longer than that of LADG group (207±41 vs. 156± 34 min, P＜0.001), while the length of wound was shorter in the TLDG group (3.6±0.6 vs. 5.8±0.8 cm, P＜0.001). The time to first flatus in TLDG group was (3.3±0.6) days, significantly shorter than (3.7±0.8) days in LADG group ( P＝0.034). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the estimated blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, extraction of gastric tube, drainage tube removal, interval of the first time to eat semi?liquid food, postoperative hospital stays, surgical complications, number of retrieved lymph nodes, proximal and distal resection margin lengths ( all P＞0.05). The white blood cell count at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group was (10.96±1.96)×109／L, significantly lower than (12.49± 3.46)×109／L of the LADG group ( P＝0.017).While the CRP level at postoperative day 1 in the TLDG group were lower than that of LADG group, no statistical difference was observed (P＝0.072). Conclusions Our study shows that TLDG is safe and feasible. TLDG has better cosmesis, less blood loss, and faster recovery compared to LADG.

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of cellular and non-cellular components that exist within and around the tumor mass. The TME is highly dynamic and its importance in different stages of cancer progression has been well recognized. A growing body of evidence suggests that TME also plays pivotal roles in cancer treatment responses. TME is significantly remodeled upon cancer therapies, and such change either enhances the responses or induces drug resistance. Given the importance of TME in tumor progression and therapy resistance, strategies that remodel TME to improve therapeutic responses are under developing. In this review, we provide an overview of the essential components in TME and the remodeling of TME in response to anti-cancer treatments. We also summarize the strategies that aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy by modulating TME.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Microenvironment ; drug effects ; physiology