ObjectiveBased on analytic hierarchy process（AHP）-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（CRITIC） hybrid weighting method， grey relational analysis and backpropagation artificial neural network（BP-ANN）， to optimize the water extraction process of Qizhi prescription， so as to provide an experimental basis for optimization of the preparation process of this prescription and the establishment of quality standards. MethodsL₉（3⁴） orthogonal test was employed， and the AHP-CRITIC hybrid weighting method was utilized to determine the weight coefficients of the quality fractions of various components， including astragaloside Ⅳ， polygalaxanthone Ⅲ， calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside， tenuifolin， and 3，6′-disinapoylsucrose， as well as the dry extract yield. The comprehensive score of each factor level combination in the orthogonal test were calculated as evaluation indicator to select the optimal extraction process parameters. The effects of extraction times， extraction time， and solvent dosage on the aqueous extraction process of the formula were investigated through intuitive analysis， variance analysis， and grey relational analysis. Meanwhile， a BP-ANN model was established to reverse-predict the optimal extraction process parameters of Qizhi prescription， and the optimized process parameters were validated. ResultsThe weight coefficients of the five index components（astragaloside Ⅳ， tenuifolin， calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside， polygalaxanthone Ⅲ， and 3，6′-disinapoylsucrose） and dry extract yield were 25.7%， 20.82%， 16.41%， 12.45%， 15.96% and 8.67%， respectively. The optimized extraction process parameters were extracted 3 times with 8， 6， 6 times the amount of water， each time for 1 h. The network prediction results of BP-ANN test samples were consistent with the orthogonal test results， and the mean square error（MSE） of the predicted and measured values of the network was <1%. The water extraction process of Qizhi prescription analyzed and predicted by relevant mathematical models was stable and feasible， which could effectively improve the extraction efficiency of the active ingredients of Astragali Radix and Polygalae Radix， and the average comprehensive score of the validation test was 90.85 with the relative standard deviation（RSD） of 1.55%. ConclusionThis study establishes a water extraction process for compound Qizhi granules， and the optimized extraction process can effectively improve the extraction efficiency of active ingredients， which provides useful references for the optimization of preparation process and the establishment of quality standards for other clinical experience formulas.

By employing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the CRITIC method(a weight determination method based on indicator correlations), and the AHP-CRITIC hybrid weighting method, the weight coefficients of evaluation indicators were determined, followed by a comprehensive score comparison. The grey correlation analysis was then performed to analyze the results calculated using the hybrid weighting method. Subsequently, a backpropagation-artificial neural network(BP-ANN) model was constructed to predict the extraction process parameters and optimize the extraction process for Shenxiong Huanglian Jiedu Granules(SHJG). In the extraction process, an L_9(3~4) orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize three factors at three levels, including extraction frequency, water addition amount, and extraction time. The evaluation indicators included geniposide, berberine, ginsenoside Rg_1 + Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, ferulic acid, and extract yield. Finally, the optimal extraction results obtained by the orthogonal experiment, grey correlation analysis, and BP-ANN method were compared, and validation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the optimal extraction process involved two rounds of aqueous extraction, each lasting one hour; the first extraction used ten times the amount of added water, while the second extraction used eight times the amount. In the validation experiments, the average content of each indicator component was higher than the average content obtained in the orthogonal experiment, with a higher comprehensive score. The optimized extraction process parameters were reliable and stable, making them suitable for subsequent preparation process research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Neural Networks, Computer

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

A nodule in the right middle lobe of the lung was treated by a combination of cone-beam CT,three-dimensional registration for fusion imaging,and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided thermal ablation.The procedure lasted for 90 min,with no significant bleeding observed under the bronchoscope.The total radiation dose during the operation was 384 mGy.The patient recovered well postoperatively,with only a small amount of blood in the sputum and no pneumothorax or other complications.A follow-up chest CT on the first day post operation showed that the ablation area completely covered the lesion,and the patient was discharged successfully.
Humans ; Bronchoscopy/methods* ; Catheter Ablation/methods* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins(GSPs)on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)antioxidant system and mitochondrial biosynthesis in testes of arsenic-exposed mice.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups:Control group,model group,GSPs group and experimental group.The mice in the model group and the experimental group drank sodium arsenite solution(10 mg·L-1 arsenic)to induce testicular injury.GSPs group and experimental group were given 100 mg·kg-1 GSPs by gavage,control group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water by gavage once a day for 8 weeks.The histological parameters of testes were measured by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)in testicular tissue were determined by kit method.The expression levels of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)and quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQ01)were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of Nrf2 protein in testicular tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expressions of mitochondrial synthesis-related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The diameters of seminiferous tubules in control group,model group,GSPs group and experimental group were(184.32±14.14),(170.41±10.70),(186.87±8.03)and(181.70±9.15)μm;the contents of MDA were(2.30±0.26),(3.28±0.64),(2.32±0.40)and(2.74±0.31)nmol·mg-1;the proportions of Nrf2 positive cells were(46.50±11.98)％,(22.33±8.82)％,(51.67±12.44)％and(39.83±8.35)％;the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 were 1.00±0.21,0.51±0.10,1.00±0.28 and 0.80±0.06;the mRNA expression levels of NQO1 were 1.00±0.18,0.59±0.11,1.09±0.28 and 0.81±0.08;the contents of ATP were(491.83±67.16),(368.81±69.93),(512.44±70.96)and(472.20±68.24)μmol·g-1;the relative expression levels of PGC-1α protein were 1.00±0.06,0.22±0.03,0.94±0.05 and 0.48±0.05;the relative expression levels of TFAM were 1.00±0.07,0.32±0.05,0.80±0.05 and 0.67±0.06.The above indexes in the experimental group were statistically significant compared with the model group(all P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion GSPs has a protective effect against arsenic-induced testicular injury in mice by activating the Nfr2 antioxidant system and promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Objective To explore the mechanism of lepirudine in inhibiting thrombin activation by regulating the Notch signaling pathway for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group and experimental group,with 10 rats in each group.Acute pulmonary embolism model was established by autologous thrombosis in model group and experimental group.Experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with lepiludine(2.0 mg·kg-1)at 24 h,0.5 h before and 24 h after modeling,respectively,while sham group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9％NaCl at the same time point.The contents of platelet P-selectin 62(CD62P),platelet granule membrane protein-140(GMP-140),N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and cardiac troponin T(cTnT)in rat plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The contents of thromboxane B2(TXA2)and prostacyclin(PGI2)in rat plasma were detected by RIA.The protein expression levels of Notch receptor protein 1(Notch1)and Notch ligand protein 1(JAGGED1)in lung tissue of rats were detected by Western blot.Results The plasma CD62P content in sham group,model group and experimental group were(9.31±1.31),(25.03±2.66)and(11.42±2.21)ng·mL-1;the contents of GMP-140 were(43.23±5.61),(114.33±14.02)and(73.44±6.97)ng·mL-1;the contents of NT-proBNP were(14.71±1.93),(20.57±3.46)and(11.07±3.06)ng·mL-1;cTnT content were(81.07±9.77),(233.24±27.61)and(134.76±15.00)pg·mL-1;TXA2 content were(231.06±17.33),(378.69±29.10)and(268.61±24.15)pg·mL-1;PGI2 content were(147.25±16.44),(104.37±11.62)and(136.09±13.40)pg·mL-1;the relative expression levels of Notch1 protein in lung tissue were 1.24±0.21,0.51±0.06 and 0.87±0.09;the relative expression levels of JAGGED1 protein were 1.02±0.15,0.17±0.02 and 0.28±0.06.Compared with sham group and experimental group,there were statistically significant differences in the above indexes in model group(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Lepirudine can inhibit thrombin activation in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism by activating the Notch signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the brain absorption components of Tianyuan Zhitong prescription and their distribution based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging（DESI-MSI） and hyperspectral imaging techniques. MethodTen BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank group（n=3） and administration group（n=7）， the administration group was gavaged with 0.3 mL of Tianyuan Zhitong prescription liquid at a concentration of about 5 g·mL^-1 of the raw material， and the blank group was gavaged with an equal volume of normal saline， and the whole brain of the mice were taken for the preparation of tissue homogenates and frozen sections， respectively. The tissue homogenates were qualitatively analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS for the brain absorption components in positive and negative ion modes， frozen sections were used for imaging to observe the distribution of these components in the brain. Cytoviva dark-field enhancement microscope was used to perform hyperspectral imaging scanning on the brain sections of mice from each group， and the scattered light data of at least 1 000 pixels in the visible-near-infrared（400-1 000 nm） band in the microscopic field of view were collected and average spectrum were created， which were used to compare the components in the brain tissues of mice from the blank and administration groups. ResultA total of 27 brain absorption components of Tianyuan Zhitong prescription were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS， including 10 organic acids， 5 glycosides， 4 alkaloids， 1 phenol， 4 flavonoids， 2 phthalides and 1 other compound， which were mainly derived from Gastrodiae Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma， Ziziphi Spinosae Semen and processed Morindae Officinalis Radix. A total of 14 components were identified by mass spectrometry imaging， of which ferulic acid， tetrahydropalmatine and N-methyl dehydroberberine were mainly distributed in the cerebral cortex， vitamin B₅， vemonoic acid and ricinoleic acid were mainly distributed in the hypothalamus， elemicin， octadecenic acid and octadecanoic acid were mainly distributed in the cortex and hypothalamus， while senkyunolide B， ligustilide， linoleic acid， 9，12-octadecadienoyl ethyl ester and spinosin were distributed in most regions of the brain tissues. Hyperspectral imaging showed that in the visible-near-infrared band range， the average spectrum of the brain tissues of mice in the administration group was significantly red-shifted， indicating that there were differences in the physical properties or contents of the chemical components in the brain between mice in the blank group and those in the administration group， and further verified the results of mass spectrometry imaging. ConclusionThrough the combination of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and imaging techniques， the pharmacodynamic components of Tianyuan Zhitong prescription in the treatment of headache and the regional characteristics in brain tissue are clarified， which can provide reference for the selection of the index components of the research on the quality standard of this prescription and the research on the mechanism of the pharmacological effect.

This data article describes the"Typical Regional Activity Patterns"(TRAP)dataset,which is based on the Tackling Key Problems in Air Pollution Control Program.In order to explore the interaction between air pollution and physical activity,we collected activity patterns of 9,221 residents with different occupations and lifestyles for three consecutive days in typical regions(Jinan and Baoding)where air pollutant concentrations were higher than those in neighboring areas.The TRAP dataset consists of two aspects of information:demographic indicators(personal information,occupation,personal habits,and living situation)and physical activity pattern data(activity location and intensity);additionally,the exposure measures of physical activity patterns are included,which data users can match to various endpoints for their specific purpose.This dataset provides evidence for exploring the attributes of activity patterns of residents in northern China and for interdisciplinary researchers to develop strategies and measures for health education and health promotion.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Aim To explore how Danzhi Jiangtang cap-sules(DJC)safeguard the mitochondrial activity of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)by controlling the LncRNA TUG1/β-catenin signaling pathway to de-crease vascular calcification(VC).Methods Vascu-lar smooth muscle cell calcification models were in-duced with β-glycerin and diabetic vascular calcifica-tion rat models were induced with vitamin D3+high-fat diet.Von Kossa staining was applied to detect cal-cification of cells and vascular tissue.Colorimetric method of phthalein complex was used to determine calcium content.P-nitrobenzene phosphate colorimetry was employed to assess alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity.RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of VSMCs'osteoblast transformation related genes bone morphogenetic protein2(BMP2),smooth muscle actin alpha(α-SMA),taurine up-regulated1,LncRNA Tug1(Lnc-RNA TUG1),and β-catenin.Western blotting was utilized to detect the protein expression of BMP2,α-SMA and β-catenin.The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 fluorescence probe.Mitochondrial structure was observed by trans-mission electron microscope.Results DJC reduced LncRNA TUG1 expression,down-regulated β-catenin expression,decreased ALP activity and calcium depo-sition,protected mitochondrial function,restored mem-brane potential,and decreased osteoblastic transforma-tion of VSMCs induced by glycerin phosphate.Impor-tantly,DJC attenuated diabetic lower limb VC by down-regulating the expression of LncRNA TUG1,β-catenin,and elevating the expression of α-SMA.Con-clusions DJC capsules significantly improved VSMCs by protecting mitochondrial function by LncRNA TUG1/β-catenin signaling to reduce VSMCs'osteo-blast transformation.