In today's society， depression is a kind of highly prevalent chronic mental illness. It leads to a high disability rate and a heavy economic burden. Depression is defined by fundamental symptoms of low mood and diminished pleasure. Its causes and mechanisms remain unclear， and it presents a broad spectrum of symptoms and a persistent nature that significantly impacts both physical and mental well-being. Treatment in Western medicine primarily focuses on alleviating symptoms， yet it entails numerous adverse effects and contraindications. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment is based on resolving depression， which is often accompanied by soothing liver， and the key medicine is Bupleuri Radix. Bupleuri Radix associated prescriptions refer to a class of prescriptions using Bupleuri Radix as the sovereign medicinal or having a high dose of Bupleuri Radix， which are widely used in the field of anti-depression. Previous studies from animal experiments， clinical research， and modern pharmacological research have confirmed that Bupleuri Radix associated prescriptions have precise anti-depression efficacy in multiple ways and at multiple levels， but lack a comprehensive and systematic summarization. This paper summarized and analyzed the literature related to the clinical application and mechanism of action of Bupleuri Radix associated prescriptions in anti-depression treatment. The results showed that the anti-depression mechanism of the Bupleuri Radix associated prescriptions （such as Xiaochaihu Tang， Xiaoyao San， Sini San， Chaihu Shugan San， and Chaihu jia Longgu Muli San） was associated with the effects of regulating monoamine neurotransmitters， the brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， intestinal flora， and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， inhibiting inflammatory responses， and modulating related signaling pathways. Applying them in clinical practice can effectively alleviate patient symptoms， lower the TCM syndrome score and the severity of depression， and also reduce adverse reactions. This underscores advantages of TCM in depression treatment， which offers patients a secure， effective， and more individualized alternative treatment regimen. On this basis， the shortcomings of current studies and the future trend were analyzed. This study aimed to provide an evidence-based medicine basis for the research and development of novel antidepressant medications.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of thyroid globulin antibody(TgAb)and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb)in the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).Methods A total of 346 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent surgical treatment in the hospital from August 2012 to October 2021 were selected as the research objects.According to the postoperative pathologi-cal results,the patients were divided into the benign nodule group,PTMC group and non-micro papillary thy-roid carcinoma(PTC)group.The general data of the patients and thyroid function indexes[free triiodothyro-nine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),TgAb and TPOAb]before and after operation were collected,the tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis after operation were ob-served,and the relationship between serum TgAb and TPOAb and the risk and prognosis of PTMC was ana-lyzed.Results The positivity rate of TgAb in the PTMC and non-micro PTC groups was significantly higher than that in the benign nodule group(P<0.05).The TPOAb positivity rate was not significantly different among the three groups(P>0.05).Only the TSH level in the PTMC group was higher than that in the non-micro PTC group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that younger age,higher TSH and positive TgAb were independent risk factors for PTMC and non-micro PTC(P<0.05).However,the risk of PTC didn't increase with increasing TgAb titres.The positivity rate of TgAb in the PTMC and non-micro PTC groups didn't change significantly within one month after operation,but decreased in one year after operation(P<0.05).The TPOAb positivity rate decreased after operation,but the difference was not statistically sig-nificant(P>0.05).In the PTMC group,four cases had tumor recurrence or lymph node metastasis,and the TgAb level increased by 88.4%,49.5%,5.7%and 84.0%respectively when the tumor recurred or metasta-sized.Among them,the TPOAb level increased by 51.6%,30.0%and 2.9%respectively in three cases and decreased by 53.9%in one case.In the PTMC group,there were 11 patients with cervical lymph node enlarge-ment,and there was no statistical difference in TgAb and TPOAb levels when the condition changed(P>0.05).Conclusion TgAb is a risk factor for PTMC,and can be followed up regularly during the diagnosis and treatment of PTMC.The specificity of TPOAb is not as good as that of TgAb,and appropriate follow-up can be chosen during the course of the disease.

Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostic methods are considered the gold standard for detecting infectious pathogens.However,when applied to portable or on-site rapid diagnostics,they still face various limitations and challenges,such as poor specificity,cumbersome operation,and portability difficulties.The CRISPR(Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/CRISPR-associated protein(Cas)-fluorescence detection method holds the potential to significantly enhance the specificity and signal-to-noise ratio of nucleic acid detection.In this study,we developed a portable grayscale reader detection system based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)-CRISPR/Cas.On one hand,in the presence of CRISPR RNA(crRNA),the CRISPR/Cas12a system was employed to achieve precise fluorescent detection of self-designed LAMP amplification reactions for influenza A and influenza B viruses.This further validated the high selectivity and versatility of the CRISPR/Cas system.On the other hand,the accompanying independently developed portable grayscale reader allowed for low-cost collection of fluorescence signals and high-reliability visual interpretation.At the end of the detection process,it directly provided positive or negative results.Practical sample analyses using this detection system have verified its reliability and utility,demonstrating that this system can achieve highly sensitive and highly specific portable analysis of influenza viruses.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Objective To investigate the relationship between insomnia,gastrointestinal symptoms,and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),as well as the related influencing factors.Methods A total of 910 T2DM patients treated in our multicenter from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled in this study.General information(gender,age,smoking and drinking history,exercise,course of disease,treatment and complications),HbA1c,Athens Insomnia Scale(AIS)scores and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale(GSRS)scores of patients were collected.The differences of sleep and gastrointestinal symptoms between groups were analyzed,and the correlation between the differences and HbA1c was analyzed.Furthermore,the risk factors for non-standard HbA1c were analyzed.Results The AIS score and GSRS score in the HbA1c control group were less than those in the non-standard group(P＜0.01).Insomnia was reported by 37.0％of T2DM patients,and the HbA1c level in the insomnia group was significantly higher than that in the non-insomnia group(10.00％±2.38％vs.8.26％±1.73％,P＜0.01).Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 57.5％of T2DM patients,and the HbA1c levels in the group with gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than those in the group without gastrointestinal symptoms(9.26％±2.23％vs.8.43％±1.98％,P＜0.01).Furthermore,26.3％of T2DM patients experienced both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms.Remarkably,the HbA1c levels in the group with both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher than those in the group without either condition(10.18％±2.44％vs.8.45％±1.86％,P＜0.01).Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant association between sleep quality,gastrointestinal function,and HbA1c levels(P＜0.01).The logistic regression analysis result revealed that age,GSRS score,AIS score,and the presence of insomnia combined with gastrointestinal symptoms were independent risk factors for predicting HbA1c≥6.5％(P＜0.01).Having both insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms concurrently was the strongest risk factor for substandard HbA1c control,and the risk of blood sugar control may increase about 5 times when both appear together.Conclusion Insomnia and gastrointestinal symptoms are common comorbidities in T2DM patients,showing a cross-interfering relationship,and they appear together with poor blood sugar control,interact causally,and amplify each other.

Human-animal interaction has a long-standing tradition dating back to ancient times. With the rapid advancements in intelligent chips, wearable devices, and machine algorithms, the intelligent interaction between animals and electronic technology, facilitated by electronic devices and systems for communication, perception, and control, has become a reality. These electronic devices aim to implement an animal-centric working mode to enhance human understanding of animals and promote the development of animal intelligence and creativity. This article takes medium-sized and large animals as research objects, with the goal of developing their ability enhancement, and introduces the concept of “intelligent animal augmentation system (IAAS)”. This concept is used to describe the characteristics of such devices and provides a comprehensive overview of existing animal and computer interface solutions. In general, IAAS can be divided into implantable and non-implantable types, each composed of interface platforms, perception and interpretation, control and instruction components. Through various levels of enhancement systems and architectural patterns, intelligent interaction between humans and animals can be realized. Although existing IAAS still lack a complete independent interaction system architecture, they hold great promise and development space in the future. Not only can they be applied as substitutes for cutting-edge devices and transportation equipment, but they are also expected to achieve cross-species information interaction through intelligent interconnection. Additionally, IAAS can promote bidirectional interaction between humans and animals, playing a significant role in advancing animal ethics and ecological protection. Furthermore, the development of interaction models based on animal subjects can provide insightful research experiences for the design of human-computer interaction systems, thereby contributing to the more efficient realization of the ambitious goal of human-machine integration.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of piperacillin-tazobactam in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection （cUTI） in adults. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 352 cUTI adult patients in our hospital from January 1， 2021 to December 31， 2023. All patients received piperacillin-tazobactam. The detection of pathogens in patients， the clinical efficacy and microbial clearance rate after treatment， the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and treatment cost were observed in all patients. RESULTS Of the 352 patients， pathogen culture results of 54 patients were detected， mainly Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. The clinical effective rate was 94.3%， the microbial clearance rate was 81.5%， and the incidence of adverse reactions was 1.4%. The percentage of male effective patients in urinary surgery department was significantly higher than invalid patients， while the proportion of transplant treatment and the proportion of patients with concomitant kidney transplantation were significantly lower than invalid patients （P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in clinical effective rate between the two groups after those patients were divided into target treatment group and empirical treatment group according to the sensitivity of pathogen to piperacillin-tazobactam （P＝0.902 5）. CONCLUSIONS Piperacillin-tazobactam is effective and safe in the treatment of cUTI.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China.However,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking. Methods A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns. Results A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated cases.Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<0.001.The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission.Despite the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023-1.954;P = 0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains. Conclusion Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.

Orodispersible films (oral dispersible films), a novel form of oral solid dosage forms, are widely used for patients with dysphagia and those with uncontrollable autonomic behavior. In this study, suvorexant orodispersible film was prepared by hot melt extrusion technology, and the disintegration time, mechanical properties, in vitro dissolution and pharmacokinetics were evaluated, compared with other orodispersible films and commercially available tablets Belsomra. All experiments were approved by the Committee on the Management and Use of Laboratory Animals of Academy of Military Medical Sciences (IACUC-DWZX-2024-504). The results showed that the dissolution rate of suvorexant orodispersible film was faster and the mechanical strength was better than that of other commercially available orodispersible film, which could meet the needs of storage and transportation. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results showed that suvorexant was dispersed within the orodispersible film in an amorphous state. The in vitro dissolution of the film was observed to be four times faster than that of the commercial tablets, achieving complete dissolution within five minutes. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in Beagle dogs revealed that the self-formulated orodispersible film exhibited no significant differences in the area under the blood concentration-time curve when compared with Belsomra. However, the film showed a faster onset of action, with a peak time that was twice as rapid, and a maximum blood concentration that was twice as high as that of Belsomra. Leveraging hot melt extrusion technology, the suvorexant orodispersible film offers a straightforward, continuous production process with consistent quality. It serves as an excellent platform for the development of solvent-free film preparations tailored for patients with special needs.