Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has historically played a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of warm diseases, establishing a comprehensive theoretical framework that underpins its practices. The distinctive and indispensable contributions of aromatic Chinese herbs in dispelling harmful influences and mitigating the spread of these diseases are well recognized; however, further investigation is warranted to elucidate their systematic properties and regularities, and the theory of aromatic Chinese herbs in preventing and treating warm diseases still needs to be comprehensively summarized. This study employs the principles rooted in TCM, with particular emphasis on the framework for warm diseases. An analysis of the disease mechanisms, transmission dynamics, and preventive strategies is conducted during the early stage of infection, throughout the course of the disease, and in the post-illness phase. Furthermore, the characteristics and applications of aromatic Chinese herbs are integrated with insights drawn from modern pharmacological research to explore their specific roles in the prevention and management of warm diseases. The utilization of aromatic Chinese herbs manifests in a variety of therapeutic effects: aromatic medicinals purging filth and dispelling pathogens for preventing epidemic disease, aromatic medicinals regulation for relieving superficies syndrome and dispersing evils, aromatic medicinals ventilation the lung to relieve cough and asthma, aromatic medicinals resolving the dampness to awaken the spleen and stomach, aromatic medicinals opening the orifices to restore consciousness, aromatic and pungent medicinals to regulate qi, aromatic medicinals dredging the vessels to activate blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis, and aromatic medicinals clearing latent heat from the yin level. These properties facilitate tailored approaches to address the diverse manifestations of warm diseases and their associated symptoms, providing clear guidance for clinical application to achieve pre-disease prevention, active disease treatment, complication prevention, and post-recovery relapse avoidance. The use of aromatic Chinese herbs in preventing and treating warm diseases demonstrates theoretical, practical, systematic, and regular characteristics. The theory of the properties of aromatic Chinese herbs has been expanded and sublimated in clinical practice, and its scientific connotation has been expounded in modern research. Under the guidance of the theory of treatment based on syndrome differentiation, and by taking into account the distinct stages and pathologies of warm diseases, the rational selection of aromatic Chinese herbs can improve the clinical efficacy.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,the incidence of hyperuricemia caused by purine metabolism disorders has been increasing,which can induce inflammatory responses and lead to renal injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role and mechanism of solute carrier family 2 member 12(SLC2A12)in hyperuricemia-related renal injury. METHODS:Renal tubular cells(HK2 cells)were divided into five groups:HK2 group,HK2+uric acid group,HK2+uric acid+NC group,HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group,and HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12+MK-2206 group.HK2 cells were treated with uric acid and transfected with siRNA SLC2A12,followed by MK-2206 treatment to inhibit AKT expression.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect fibrogenic factors as well as activation of the AKT/FOXO3a pathway.The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Uric acid treatment inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in the HK2+uric acid group compared with the HK2 group.The proliferative ability of cells in the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group was further decreased and apoptotic cells were further increased compared with the HK2 group.Compared with the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group,the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12+MK-2206 group showed an increase in cell proliferation and a decrease in apoptotic cells.(2)Compared with the HK2 group,the connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β)expressions increased in the HK2+uric acid group;CTGF,α-SMA and TGF-β expression further increased in the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group.Compared with the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group,the CTGF,α-SMA and TGF-β expressions decreased.(3)Compared with the HK2 group,the expression of p-AKT,FOXO3a,and p-FOXO3a elevated in the HK2+uric acid group;the expression of p-AKT further increased,while the expression of FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a decreased in the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group.Compared with the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group,p-AKT expression decreased;FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a expression increased in the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12+MK-2206 group.(4)Compared with the HK2 group,interleukin-6,interleukin-1 β,and tumor necrosis factor α levels increased in the HK2+uric acid group;interleukin-6,interleukin-1 β,and tumor necrosis factor α levels further increased in the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group.Compared with the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12 group,interleukin-6,interleukin-1 β,and tumor necrosis factor α levels diminished in the HK2+uric acid+siSLC2A12+MK-2206 group.(5)These findings indicate that SLC2A12 may protect against hyperuricemia-induced renal injury by counteracting uric acid-induced tubular fibrosis and inflammation through activation of the FOXO3a pathway.

BACKGROUND:Due to the sudden release and the rapid removal by proteases,platelet-rich plasma hydrogel leads to shorter residence times of growth factors at the wound site.In recent years,researchers have focused on the use of hydrogels to encapsulate platelet-rich plasma in order to improve the deficiency of platelet-rich plasma hydrogels. OBJECTIVE:To prepare self-assembled polypeptide-platelet-rich plasma hydrogel and to explore its effects on the release of bioactive factors of platelet-rich plasma. METHODS:The self-assembled polypeptide was synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method,and the solution was prepared by D-PBS.Hydrogels were prepared by mixing different volumes of polypeptide solutions with platelet-rich plasma and calcium chloride/thrombin solutions,so that the final mass fraction of polypeptides in the system was 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%,respectively.The hydrogel state was observed,and the release of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma was detected in vitro.The polypeptide self-assembly was stimulated by mixing 1%polypeptide solution with 1%human serum albumin solution,so that the final mass fraction of the polypeptide was 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%,respectively.The flow state of the liquid was observed,and the rheological mechanical properties of the self-assembled polypeptide were tested.The microstructure of polypeptide(mass fraction of 0.1%and 0.001%)-human serum albumin solution was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Hydrogels could be formed between different volumes of polypeptide solution and platelet-rich plasma.Compared with platelet-rich plasma hydrogels,0.1%and 0.3%polypeptide-platelet-rich plasma hydrogels could alleviate the sudden release of epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor,and extend the release time to 48 hours.(2)After the addition of human serum albumin,the 0.1%polypeptide group still exhibited a flowing liquid,the 0.3%polypeptide group was semi-liquid,and the 0.5%polypeptide group stimulated self-assembly to form hydrogel.It was determined that human serum albumin in platelet-rich plasma could stimulate the self-assembly of polypeptides.With the increase of the mass fraction of the polypeptide,the higher the storage modulus of the self-assembled polypeptide,the easier it was to form glue.(3)Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the polypeptide nanofibers were short and disordered before the addition of human serum albumin.After the addition of human serum albumin,the polypeptide nanofibers became significantly longer and cross-linked into bundles,forming a dense fiber network structure.Under a scanning electron microscope,the polypeptides displayed a disordered lamellar structure before adding human serum albumin.After the addition of human serum albumin,the polypeptides self-assembled into cross-linked and densely arranged porous structures.(4)In conclusion,the novel polypeptide can self-assemble triggered by platelet-rich plasma and the self-assembly effect can be accurately adjusted according to the ratio of human serum albumin to polypeptide.This polypeptide has a sustained release effect on the growth factors of platelet-rich plasma,which can be used as a new biomaterial for tissue repair.

AIM To investigate the variation rules of main secondary metabolites in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip.METHODS UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the content determination of formononetin,ononin,calycosin,calycosin-7-glucoside,medicarpin,genistein,luteolin,liquiritigenin,isoliquiritigenin,vanillic acid,ferulic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid,adenosine and betaine,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used for chemical pattern recognition to explore differential components.RESULTS After rubbing strip,formononetin,calycosin,liquiritigenin and γ-aminobutynic acid demonstrated increased contents,along with decreased contents of ononin,calycosin-7-glucoside and vanillic acid.The samples with and without rubbing strip were clustered into two types,calycosin-7-glucoside,formononetin,γ-aminobutynic acid,vanillic acid,calycosin-7-glucoside and formononetin were differential components.CONCLUSION This experiment clarifies the differences of chemical constituents in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip,which can provide a reference for the research on rubbing strip mechanism of other medicinal materials.

The emerging and re-emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health security. Field and laboratory studies of arthropods of medical importance are essential and critical for the prevention and control of arthropod-borne infectious diseases. Various institutions or universities in China have been conducting research in the field or laboratory study of arthropods of medical importance, but up to 2023, it is still lacking detailed biosafety guidelines or recommendations that can guide the related work for arthropods of medical importance. In order to proactively address potential biosafety issues in the field or laboratory activities related to arthropods of medical importance, improve the standardization of arthropod biosafety classification, operations, and protection, and ensure the safety of practitioners, an expert consensus on the biosafety recommendation of arthropods of medical importance in field and laboratory has been developed, aiming to guide the future work of arthropods and ensure the national biosafety and biosecurity of China.

Background and objective Both of lung cancer incidence and mortality rank first among all cancers in China.Previous lung cancer screening trials were mostly selective screening for high-risk groups such as smokers.Non-smoking women accounted for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases in Asia.This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of community-based mass screening in Guangzhou and identify the high-risk factors for lung cancer.Methods Residents aged 40-74 years in Guangzhou were screened with low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)for lung cancer and the pulmonary nodules were classified and managed according to China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography(2018 version).The detection rate of positive nodules was calculated.Before the LDCT examination,residents were required to complete a"lung cancer risk factors questionnaire".The risk factors of the questionnaire were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)penalized Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 6256 residents were included in this study.1228 positive nodules(19.63％)and 117 lung cancers were confirmed,including 6 cases of Tis,103 cases of stage Ⅰ(accounting for 88.03％of lung cancer).The results of LASSO penalized Logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥50 yr(OR=1.07,95％CI:1.06-1.07),history of cancer(OR=3.29,95％CI:3.22-3.37),textile industry(OR=1.10,95％CI:1.08-1.13),use coal for cooking in childhood(OR=1.14,95％CI:1.13-1.16)and food al-lergy(OR=1.10,95％CI:1.07-1.13)were risk factors of lung cancer for female in this district.Conclusion This study highlighted that numerous early stages of lung cancer cases were detected by LDCT,which could be applied to screen-ing of lung cancer in women.Besides,age ≥50 yr,personal history of cancer,textile industry and use coal for cooking in childhood are risk factors for women in this district,which suggested that it's high time to raise the awareness of early lung cancer screening in this group.

This study explores the effects and possible mechanisms of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (NRF2) on ovarian granulosa cells, providing a scientific basis to prevent premature ovarian failure. An ovarian cell injury model was constructed by treating human ovarian granulosa cell (KGN cell) with 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (VCD). Firstly, KGN cells were treated with different concentrations of VCD, and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to detect ovarian cell proliferation. After determining IC 50 by CCK8, the levels of estradiol and progesterone in the cell supernatant were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay kit was used to detect the content of ROS in ovarian cells, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression level of NRF2, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression level of NRF2. Further, NRF2 silence (siNRF2) and overexpression (NRF2-OE) cell models were constructed through lentivirus transfection, and the effects of regulating NRF2 on VCD treated cell models were investigated by detecting hormone levels, oxidative stress indicators (ROS, SOD, GSH-Px), and autophagy (LC3B level). The results showed that VCD intervention inhibited the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner ( F>100, P<0.05), with an IC 50 of 1.2 mmol/L at 24 hours. After VCD treatment, the level of estradiol in the cell supernatant decreased from (56.32±10.18) ng/ml to (24.59±8.75) ng/ml ( t=5.78, P<0.05). Progesterone decreased from (50.25±7.03) ng/ml to (25.13±6.67) ng/ml ( t=6.54, P<0.05). After VCD treatment, the SOD of cells decreased from (44.47±7.71) ng/ml to (30.92±4.97) ng/ml ( t=3.61, P<0.05). GSH-Px decreased from (68.51±10.17) ng/ml to (35.19±6.59) ng/ml ( t=5.73, P<0.05). Simultaneously accompanied by an increase in autophagy and a decrease in NRF2. This study successfully constructed KGN cell models that silenced NRF2 and overexpressed NRF2. Subsequently, this study treated each group of cells with VCD and found that the cell proliferation activity of the siNRF2 group was significantly reduced ( t=8.37, P<0.05), while NRF2-OE could reverse the cell activity damage caused by VCD ( t=3.37, P<0.05). The siNRF2 group had the lowest level of estradiol ( t=5.78, P<0.05), while NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in cellular estradiol levels caused by VCD ( t=5.58, P<0.05). The siNRF2 group had the lowest progesterone levels ( t=3.02, P<0.05), while NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in cellular progesterone levels caused by VCD ( t=2.41, P<0.05). The ROS level in the siNRF2 group was the highest ( t=2.86, P<0.05), NRF2-OE could reverse the increase in ROS caused by VCD ( t=3.14, P<0.05), the SOD enzyme content in the siNRF2 group was the lowest ( t=2.98, P<0.05), and NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in SOD enzyme content caused by VCD ( t=4.72, P<0.05). The GSH-Px enzyme content in the siNRF2 group was the lowest ( t=3.67, P<0.05), and NRF2-OE could reverse the decrease in antioxidant enzyme content caused by VCD ( t=2.71, P<0.05). The LC3B level was highest in the siNRF2 group ( t=2.45, P<0.05), and NRF2-OE was able to reverse the LC3B elevation caused by VCD ( t=9.64, P<0.05). In conclusion, NRF2 inhibits ROS induced autophagy, thereby playing a role in reducing ovarian granulosa cell damage, which may be a potential target for premature ovarian failure.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil(suf)on hepatic injury in burn sepsis rats by regulating Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the suf low-dose group(0.75 μg/kg),the suf high-dose group(3 μg/kg),the imipenem group(90 mg/kg)and the suf high-dose+kumamycin group(3 μg/kg suf+4 mg/kg kumamycin).Serum liver function indexes including alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were detected.The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining.The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and interleukin(IL)-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins in liver tissue.Results Compared with the control group,the model group showed elevated serum levels of ALT and AST,swelling of liver cells and infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells in liver tissue.The levels of TNF-α,MCP-1 and IL-6 in liver tissue,apoptosis rate of liver cells,and expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,serum levels of ALT and AST were reduced in the suf low-dose group and the suf high-dose group,and pathological damages of liver tissue were improved.The contents of TNF-α,MCP-1 and IL-6 in liver tissue,the apoptosis rate of liver cells,and the expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 proteins were reduced(P＜0.05).Moreover,changes in above indicators were significantly higher in the suf high dose group of suf than those in the suf low dose group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference compared with the imipenem group.Kumamycin inhibited the improvement effect of high-dose suf on liver injury in rats with burn sepsis(P＞0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil may improve liver injury in burn-induced sepsis rats by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

In order to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment of upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) for children in China, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine initiated the development of this Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Children with Upper Airway cough Syndrome based on evidence-based medical evidence. This guideline will process registration, write a plan, and develop relevant processes and writing norms, develop and publish official documents. This plan mainly introduces the scope of the guidelines, the purpose and significance, the composition of the guidelines working group, the management of conflicts of interest, the collection, selection and determination of clinical problems, the retrieval, screening and rating of evidence, and the consensus of recommendations. Registration information: This study has been registered in the international practice guidelines registry platform with the registration code of PREPARE-2023CN087.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of skin ulcer patients in Lingnan area,and to explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types and their related influencing factors.Methods The clinical data of 241 patients with skin ulcer who were hospitalized in the Department of Dermatology,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2012 to July 2022 were collected,and their clinical characteristics and distribution of TCM syndrome types were analyzed.Results(1)The analysis of clinical characteristics showed that the age of the 241 patients with skin ulcers ranged from 10 years old to 98 years old,and the patients aged 70-79 years had the high incidence;the course of disease ranged from one week to more than 20 years,and most of the patients had the course of disease being 1-5 year(s);most of the patients were male,and the ratio of male to female was 1.62∶1;a total of 200 cases(82.99%)suffered skin ulcers in the lower limbs,17 cases(7.05%)suffered skin ulcers in the trunk,13 cases(5.39%)suffered multiple skin ulcers in the whole body,9 cases(3.73%)suffered skin ulcers in the upper limbs,and 2 cases(0.83%)suffered skin ulcers in the head and face.There was no significant difference in the gender and foci of the patients(P＞0.05).(2)The distribution of TCM syndrome types showed that among the 241 patients with skin ulcers,damp-heat and stasis obstruction syndrome was the most common(46.89%),followed by spleen deficiency with predominant dampness syndrome(27.39%),qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(14.11%),and qi and yin deficiency syndrome(11.62%).There was no significant difference in the gender among the four TCM syndrome types(P＞0.05),but there was significant difference in the age of the patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There were certain differences exert in the distribution of the age,gender,foci and course of disease in the patients with skin ulcers in Lingnan area,and the damp-heat and stasis obstruction syndrome is the most common type of the patients.