ObjectiveTo improve the quality and service performance of community visual health services in Shanghai, and to establish a set of reasonable and effective evaluation index system for community visual health services. MethodsCentered on the national and Shanghai-based visual health policies and based on the current status and development trends of community visual health service program in Shanghai, the candidate indicators were formed through literature review and expert interviews, firstly. The framework of an evaluation index system was formulated through qualitative research successively, which was further revised and perfected using the Delphi method. Coefficient weights were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), culminating in the establishment of the community visual health evaluation index system, lastly. ResultsA total of 22 visual health experts from district-level center for disease control, hospital ophthalmology and leaders in charging of visual health service in community health centers participated in the Delphi questionnaire survey, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 100% and an expert authority coefficient of 0.86, indicating high credibility. After a round of correspondence to experts’ importance ratings and discussions, a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising 3 primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 47 tertiary indicators, along with 5 additional indicators, was finalized. ConclusionAn index system tailored to effective evaluation for community visual health initiatives was drawn up in this study, which can promote the capacity building in community eye health services, facilitating the high-quality development of visual health courses, and enhancing residents’ eye health.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determining the contents of clopidogrel （CLP）， clopidogrel carboxylate （CLP-C）， clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide （CLP-G） and contents of clopidogrel active metabolite （CAM） in rat plasma， and to investigate their in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS The Shisedo CAPCELL ADME column was used with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile （both containing 0.1% formic acid） in a gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min， and the column temperature was maintained at 20 ℃. The injection volume was 2 μL. The analysis was performed in positive ion mode using electrospray ionization with multiple reaction monitoring. The ion pairs for quantitative analysis were m/z 322.1→211.9 （for CLP）， m/z 308.1→197.9 （for CLP-C）， m/z 322.1→154.8 （for CLP-G）， m/z 504.1→154.9 [for racemic CAM derivative （CAMD）]. Six rats were administered a single intragastric dose of CLP （10 mg/kg）. Blood samples were collected before medication and at 0.08， 0.33， 0.66， 1， 2， 4， 6， 10， 23 and 35 hours after medication. The established method was used to detect the serum contents of various components in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters were then calculated using WinNonlin 6.1 software. RESULTS The linear ranges for CLP， CLP-C and CAMD were 0.08-20.00， 205.00-8 000.00， and 0.04-25.00 ng/mL， respectively （r≥0.990）. The relative standard deviations for both intra-day and inter-day precision tests were all less than 15%， and the relative errors for accuracy ranged from －11.68% to 14.40%. The coefficients of variation for the matrix factors were all less than 15%， meeting the requirements for bioanalytical method validation. The results of the pharmacokinetic study revealed that， following a single intagastric administration of CLP in rats， the exposure to the parent CLP in plasma was extremely low. Both the area under the drug concentration-time curve （AUC0-35 h） and the peak concentration of the parent CLP were lower than those of its metabolites. The AUC0-35 h of the active metabolite CAM was approximately 43 times that of CLP， though it had a shorter half-life （2.53 h）. The inactive metabolite CLP-C exhibited the highest exposure level， but it reached its peak concentration the latest and was eliminated slowly. The AUC0-35 h of CLP-G was about four times that of CAM， and its half-life was similar to that of CLP-C. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully established an liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of CLP and its three metabolites， and revealed their pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats. Specifically， the parent drug CLP was rapidly eliminated， while the inactive metabolites CLP-C and CLP-G exhibited long half-lives， and active metabolite CAM displayed a transient exposure pattern.

Objective To comprehensively excavate and analyze the research status,research hotspots and future trends of the literature related to the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment in the CNKI database.Methods We searched the CNKI database from its establishment to June 2022,and scientifically analyzed the authors,keywords,and institutions of the included literature of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for pain treatment through specific algorithms of Citespace to generate a visual knowledge map.Results A total of 319 documents were included for statistical analysis,the number of publications in the field of acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain was generally on the rise,the number of publications by various authors was on the low side,and there was a lack of co-operation between the research teams,with the main institutions being the Guang'anmen Hospital,Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical Universities of Nationalities and the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,forming a 10-keyword clustering,and the hotspots of diseases under study were mainly mixed haemorrhoids,postoperative pain,low back and leg pain and dysmenorrhoea,etc..The main interventions were pure acupoint catgut embedding therapy and the combination of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other acupuncture therapies,and the main research method was clinical research.Conclusion Acupoint catgut embedding therapy for the treatment of pain has a good development prospect,the future needs to deepen the clinical research,strengthen the mechanism research,pay attention to the joint use of acupoint catgut embedding therapy and other traditional Chinese medicine methods,and pay attention to the research of different thread materials.

Objective:To study influence of exercise rehabilitation based on psycho-cardiology medical model on pa-tients with coronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 164 CHD patients undergoing PCI in our hospital were randomly and equally divided into routine nursing group and exer-cise rehabilitation group(received exercise rehabilitation based on psycho-cardiology medical model based on rou-tine nursing group).Both groups were intervened for six months.General clinical data,score of somatic symptoms scale(SSS),cardiac function indexes:LVEF and LVEDV,6min walking distance(6MWD)and score of 36-item short-form heath survey(SF-36)were compared between two groups.Results:During follow-up,there were three cases lost in routine nursing group,and two cases lost and four cases stopped follow-up in exercise rehabilita-tion group.Compared with routine nursing group,six months after intervention,there were significant reductions in SSS score[(33.97±5.76)scores vs.(25.76±4.79)scores]and LVEDV[(125.33±16.14)ml vs.(119.53± 16.82)ml],and significant rise in LVEF[(56.28±4.46)％vs.(59.28±4.90)％],6MWD[(410.42±20.08)m vs.(439.69±20.66)m],scores of physical functioning[(19.20±4.22)scores vs.(23.76±3.98)scores],bodily pain[(7.42±1.99)scores vs.(8.84±1.94)scores],general health[(16.42±4.73)scores vs.(19.09±4.37)scores],vitality[16.0(7.0)scores vs.19.0(6.8)scores],role-emotional[(4.86±1.10)scores vs.(5.18± 0.86)scores],mental health[20.0(5.0)scores vs.24.0(8.8)scores]of SF-36 in exercise rehabilitation group(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:Exercise rehabilitation based on psycho-cardiology medical model can signifi-cantly improve cardiac function and psychological status,and improve quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease after PCI.

The global pandemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus is still ongoing, in which obesity has played a major role. Obesity not only contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes but also further increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. In recent years, the management goals of diabetes care has shifted from glycemic control alone to dual " glycemic control and weight loss". Current weight loss strategies include lifestyle intervention, pharmacotherapy therapy, and metabolic surgery, with advancements being made particularly in pharmacological treatments. The novel dual or triple gut hormone receptor agonists hold promise for providing more treatment options for overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

At present, there is no cure for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) due to HIV-1 latent reservoirs. Therefore, it urgently requires novel HIV-1 latency-regulating agents with high potency, low toxicity and favorable drug-like properties to achieve a functional cure for AIDS. Herein, we reviewed the advances in HIV-1 latency-regulating agents since 2019, including the drug discovery strategies, bioactivities, and mechanisms of these compounds. It is of great guiding significance in the development of latency-regulating agents with clinical value.

Objective The effect of the functionally unknown gene C6orf120 on autoimmune hepatitis was investigated on C6orf120 knockout rats(C6orf120-/-)and THP-1 cells. Method Six-eight-week-old C6orf120-/-and wild-type(WT)SD rats were injected with Con A(16 mg/kg),and euthanized after 24 h.The sera,livers,and spleens were collected.THP-1 cells and the recombinant protein(rC6ORF120)were used to explore the mechanism in vitro.The frequency of M1 and M2 macrophages was analyzed using flow cytometry.Western blotting and PCR were used to detect macrophage polarization-associated factors. Results C6orf120 knockout attenuated Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis.Flow cytometry indicated that the proportion of CD68+CD86+M1 macrophages from the liver and spleen in the C6orf120-/-rats decreased.C6orf120 knockout induced downregulation of CD86 protein and the mRNA levels of related inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the liver.C6orf120 knockout did not affect the polarization of THP-1 cells.However,rC6ORF120 promoted the THP-1 cells toward CD68+CD80+M1 macrophages and inhibited the CD68+CD206+M2 phenotype. Conclusion C6orf120 knockout alleviates Con A-induced autoimmune hepatitis by inhibiting macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages and reducing the expression of related inflammatory factors in C6orf120-/-rats.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of herpangina (HA) and its correlation with the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in children aged ≤6 years in Yinzhou District of Ningbo from 2017 to 2022.Methods:Epidemiological characteristics of HA in children aged ≤6 years were analyzed based on the electronic medical record data and public health management data from 2017 to 2022 collected from the Health Information Platform of Yinzhou. The incidence of HFMD was calculated using the infectious disease reporting data from the public health management data. Autoregressive integrated moving average model and cross-correlation function were used to evaluate the correlation between the incidence of HA and HFMD.Results:From 2017 to 2022, a total of 25 385 cases of HA were detected in children aged ≤6 years in Yinzhou, the male-to-female ratio of the cases was 1.12∶1. The average annual incidence of HA was 4 986.67/100 000, with the highest incidence in 2018 (10 477.09/100 000) and the lowest incidence in 2020 (870.88/100 000). The incidence peak of HA was during June to July. The incidence of HA was higher in age group 1 year (7 950.45/100 000) than in other age groups. The incidences of HA in Yunlong, Jiangshan and Xiaying were higher, with the incidence of 8 764.31/100 000, 8 377.58/100 000 and 7 965.31/100 000, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the incidence of HA and HFMD at lag day 0, 7, 12 and 18 were 0.199, 0.139, 0.090 and 0.086, respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions:From 2017 to 2022, the incidence of HA was high in children aged ≤6 years in Yinzhou with obvious seasonality and area difference. The incidence of HA was correlated with the incidence of HFMD and the incidence of HFMD had certain lags. The comprehensive prevention and control of HA and HFMD should be further strengthened by prioritizing HA surveillance and implementing integrated surveillance and management of HA and HFMD.

Objective:Obesity related glomerulopathy(ORG)is induced by obesity,but the pathogenesis remains unclear.This study aims to investigate the expression of early growth response protein 3(EGR3)in the renal cortex tissues of ORG patients and high-fat diet-induced obese mice,and to further explore the molecular mechanism of EGR3 in inhibiting palmitic acid(PA)induced human podocyte inflammatory damage. Methods:Renal cortex tissues were collected from ORG patients(n=6)who have been excluded from kidney damage caused by other diseases and confirmed by histopathology,and from obese mice induced by high-fat diet(n=10).Human and mouse podocytes were intervened with 150 μmol/L PA for 48 hours.EGR3 was overexpressed or silenced in human podocytes.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detcet the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of EGR3,podocytes molecular markers nephrosis 1(NPHS1),nephrosis 2(NPHS2),podocalyxin(PODXL),and podoplanin(PDPN).RNA-seq was performed to detect differentially expressed genes(DEGs)after human podocytes overexpressing EGR3 and treated with 150 μmol/L PA compared with the control group.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP)combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to detect potential interacting proteins of EGR3 and the intersected with the RNA-seq results.Co-IP confirmed the interaction between EGR3 and protein arginine methyltransferases 1(PRMT1),after silencing EGR3 and PRMT1 inhibitor intervention,the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β in PA-induced podocytes was detected.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(p-STAT3)after overexpression or silencing of EGR3. Results:EGR3 was significantly upregulated in renal cortex tissues of ORG patients and high-fat diet-induced obese mice(both P<0.01).In addition,after treating with 150 μmol/L PA for 48 hours,the expression of EGR3 in human and mouse podocytes was significantly upregulated(both P<0.05).Overexpression or silencing of EGR3 in human podocytes inhibited or promoted the secretion of IL-6 and IL-1β in the cell culture supernatant after PA intervention,respectively,and upregulated or downregulated the expression of NPHS1,PODXL,NPHS2,and PDPN(all P<0.05).RNA-seq showed a total of 988 DEGs,and Co-IP+LC-MS identified a total of 238 proteins that may interact with EGR3.Co-IP confirmed that PRMT1 was an interacting protein with EGR3.Furthermore,PRMT1 inhibitors could partially reduce PA-induced IL-6 and IL-1β secretion after EGR3 silencing in human podocytes(both P<0.05).Overexpression or silencing of EGR3 negatively regulated the expression of PRMT1 and p-STAT3. Conclusion:EGR3 may reduce ORG podocyte inflammatory damage by inhibiting the PRMT1/p-STAT3 pathway.

Human brain banks use a standardized protocol to collect,process and store post-mortem human brains and related tissues,along with relevant clinical information,and to provide the tissue samples and data as a resource to foster neuroscience research according to a standardized operating protocols(SOP).Human brain bank serves as the foundation for neuroscience research and the diagnosis of neurological disorders,highlighting the crucial rule of ensuring the consistency of standardized quality for brain tissue samples.The first version of SOP in 2017 was published by the China Human Brain Bank Consortium.As members increases from different regions in China,a revised SOP was drafted by experts from the China Human Brain Bank Consortium to meet the growing demands for neuroscience research.The revised SOP places a strong emphasis on ethical standards,incorporates neuropathological evaluation of brain regions,and provides clarity on spinal cord sampling and pathological assessment.Notable enhancements in this updated version of the SOP include reinforced ethical guidelines,inclusion of matching controls in recruitment,and expansion of brain regions to be sampled for neuropathological evaluation.