Purpose: : This scoping review examined the assessment of learning outcomes in simulation-based education to recognize and respond to deteriorating patients in nursing education. Methods: : The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual. Studies were retrieved from databases such as Cochrane Central, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results: : A total of 15 studies, published between 2010 and 2023, were reviewed. Only six studies (40%) assessed both the cognitive learning outcomes related to recognition and the psychomotor outcomes related to responses to DPs. The learning outcomes included knowledge, situational awareness, cognition, the modified early warning score (MEWS), the situation–background–assessment–recommendation score, and teamwork in the cognitive domain; the MEWS action algorithm and psychomotor performance in the psychomotor domain; and self-efficacy, confidence, and self-confidence in the affective domain. Conclusion : Effective SBE for recognizing and responding to DPs should be designed to assess cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes in nursing education. Future research should focus on enhancing non-technical skills through various approaches to SBE to recognize and respond to DPs.

Purpose: : This scoping review examined the assessment of learning outcomes in simulation-based education to recognize and respond to deteriorating patients in nursing education. Methods: : The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual. Studies were retrieved from databases such as Cochrane Central, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results: : A total of 15 studies, published between 2010 and 2023, were reviewed. Only six studies (40%) assessed both the cognitive learning outcomes related to recognition and the psychomotor outcomes related to responses to DPs. The learning outcomes included knowledge, situational awareness, cognition, the modified early warning score (MEWS), the situation–background–assessment–recommendation score, and teamwork in the cognitive domain; the MEWS action algorithm and psychomotor performance in the psychomotor domain; and self-efficacy, confidence, and self-confidence in the affective domain. Conclusion : Effective SBE for recognizing and responding to DPs should be designed to assess cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes in nursing education. Future research should focus on enhancing non-technical skills through various approaches to SBE to recognize and respond to DPs.

Purpose: : This scoping review examined the assessment of learning outcomes in simulation-based education to recognize and respond to deteriorating patients in nursing education. Methods: : The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual. Studies were retrieved from databases such as Cochrane Central, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results: : A total of 15 studies, published between 2010 and 2023, were reviewed. Only six studies (40%) assessed both the cognitive learning outcomes related to recognition and the psychomotor outcomes related to responses to DPs. The learning outcomes included knowledge, situational awareness, cognition, the modified early warning score (MEWS), the situation–background–assessment–recommendation score, and teamwork in the cognitive domain; the MEWS action algorithm and psychomotor performance in the psychomotor domain; and self-efficacy, confidence, and self-confidence in the affective domain. Conclusion : Effective SBE for recognizing and responding to DPs should be designed to assess cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes in nursing education. Future research should focus on enhancing non-technical skills through various approaches to SBE to recognize and respond to DPs.

Purpose: : This scoping review examined the assessment of learning outcomes in simulation-based education to recognize and respond to deteriorating patients in nursing education. Methods: : The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s manual. Studies were retrieved from databases such as Cochrane Central, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results: : A total of 15 studies, published between 2010 and 2023, were reviewed. Only six studies (40%) assessed both the cognitive learning outcomes related to recognition and the psychomotor outcomes related to responses to DPs. The learning outcomes included knowledge, situational awareness, cognition, the modified early warning score (MEWS), the situation–background–assessment–recommendation score, and teamwork in the cognitive domain; the MEWS action algorithm and psychomotor performance in the psychomotor domain; and self-efficacy, confidence, and self-confidence in the affective domain. Conclusion : Effective SBE for recognizing and responding to DPs should be designed to assess cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes in nursing education. Future research should focus on enhancing non-technical skills through various approaches to SBE to recognize and respond to DPs.

Purpose: Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a syndrome of physiological and/or psychological functioning experienced by female and male athletes that is caused by exposure to problematic low energy availability. For the prevention and intervention of REDs, awareness of REDs among sports physicians is important, but it is largely unknown. This study aimed to survey the awareness and clinical treatment experience of REDs in sports physicians. Methods: We conducted an online survey to assess awareness of the triad and REDs among sports physicians and members of The Korean Society of Sports Medicine. Results: A total of 69 members (62.2% male, including sports physicians) to this survey. Most participants (84.1%) were aware of the triad compared to fewer with awareness regarding REDs (23.2%). People who knew about the difference between REDs and triad was 33.3%, which was lower than those who did not (66.6%). Only 10.1% of the study subjects had experience treating REDs patients, and the biggest difficulty in treating patients was a lack of information and education (50.7%). It appeared that the most information about REDs was obtained from academic conferences (59.4%). Conclusion This survey found relatively low awareness of REDs among physicians treating athletes and sports professionals. Considering the various negative effects of REDs on athlete health and performance, education and promotion are needed to increase awareness among sports physicians and sports professionals.

Purpose: Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a syndrome of physiological and/or psychological functioning experienced by female and male athletes that is caused by exposure to problematic low energy availability. For the prevention and intervention of REDs, awareness of REDs among sports physicians is important, but it is largely unknown. This study aimed to survey the awareness and clinical treatment experience of REDs in sports physicians. Methods: We conducted an online survey to assess awareness of the triad and REDs among sports physicians and members of The Korean Society of Sports Medicine. Results: A total of 69 members (62.2% male, including sports physicians) to this survey. Most participants (84.1%) were aware of the triad compared to fewer with awareness regarding REDs (23.2%). People who knew about the difference between REDs and triad was 33.3%, which was lower than those who did not (66.6%). Only 10.1% of the study subjects had experience treating REDs patients, and the biggest difficulty in treating patients was a lack of information and education (50.7%). It appeared that the most information about REDs was obtained from academic conferences (59.4%). Conclusion This survey found relatively low awareness of REDs among physicians treating athletes and sports professionals. Considering the various negative effects of REDs on athlete health and performance, education and promotion are needed to increase awareness among sports physicians and sports professionals.

Purpose: Relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) is a syndrome of physiological and/or psychological functioning experienced by female and male athletes that is caused by exposure to problematic low energy availability. For the prevention and intervention of REDs, awareness of REDs among sports physicians is important, but it is largely unknown. This study aimed to survey the awareness and clinical treatment experience of REDs in sports physicians. Methods: We conducted an online survey to assess awareness of the triad and REDs among sports physicians and members of The Korean Society of Sports Medicine. Results: A total of 69 members (62.2% male, including sports physicians) to this survey. Most participants (84.1%) were aware of the triad compared to fewer with awareness regarding REDs (23.2%). People who knew about the difference between REDs and triad was 33.3%, which was lower than those who did not (66.6%). Only 10.1% of the study subjects had experience treating REDs patients, and the biggest difficulty in treating patients was a lack of information and education (50.7%). It appeared that the most information about REDs was obtained from academic conferences (59.4%). Conclusion This survey found relatively low awareness of REDs among physicians treating athletes and sports professionals. Considering the various negative effects of REDs on athlete health and performance, education and promotion are needed to increase awareness among sports physicians and sports professionals.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the intention to use smart monitor-based mobile health (SBM) technology among middle-aged inpatients, based on the technology acceptance model II (TAM II). Methods: A total of 222 participants were surveyed.Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM SPSS Amos 23. Seven exogenous variables–social influence (SI), personal self-efficacy, (PSE), environmental self-efficacy (ESE), health literacy, health concerns, resistance to innovative technology (RIT), accessibility (AC)– and three endogenous variables–perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usability (PU), and intention to use (ITU)–were investigated. Results: The hypothesized path model demonstrated a good fit for the data. SI (β = .13, p = .042), PU (β = .46, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .16,p = .008) had significant direct effects on the ITU, which explained 39.5% of the variance. Additionally, SI (β = .27, p < .001), ESE (β = .16, p= .010), RIT (β = - .12, p = .026), AC (β = .28, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .20, p = .001) indirectly affected ITU through PU, which explained 50.7% of the variance. Furthermore, PSE (β = .38, p < .001) indirectly influenced ITU via PEOU, which explained 38.4% of the variance. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the TAM II can be used to effectively predict ITU in SBMs among middle-aged inpatients. To expand the intention to use SBMs, it is necessary to develop SBMs that include content and programs that promote PU, SI, and PEOU.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the intention to use smart monitor-based mobile health (SBM) technology among middle-aged inpatients, based on the technology acceptance model II (TAM II). Methods: A total of 222 participants were surveyed.Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM SPSS Amos 23. Seven exogenous variables–social influence (SI), personal self-efficacy, (PSE), environmental self-efficacy (ESE), health literacy, health concerns, resistance to innovative technology (RIT), accessibility (AC)– and three endogenous variables–perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usability (PU), and intention to use (ITU)–were investigated. Results: The hypothesized path model demonstrated a good fit for the data. SI (β = .13, p = .042), PU (β = .46, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .16,p = .008) had significant direct effects on the ITU, which explained 39.5% of the variance. Additionally, SI (β = .27, p < .001), ESE (β = .16, p= .010), RIT (β = - .12, p = .026), AC (β = .28, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .20, p = .001) indirectly affected ITU through PU, which explained 50.7% of the variance. Furthermore, PSE (β = .38, p < .001) indirectly influenced ITU via PEOU, which explained 38.4% of the variance. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the TAM II can be used to effectively predict ITU in SBMs among middle-aged inpatients. To expand the intention to use SBMs, it is necessary to develop SBMs that include content and programs that promote PU, SI, and PEOU.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that influence the intention to use smart monitor-based mobile health (SBM) technology among middle-aged inpatients, based on the technology acceptance model II (TAM II). Methods: A total of 222 participants were surveyed.Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 and IBM SPSS Amos 23. Seven exogenous variables–social influence (SI), personal self-efficacy, (PSE), environmental self-efficacy (ESE), health literacy, health concerns, resistance to innovative technology (RIT), accessibility (AC)– and three endogenous variables–perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usability (PU), and intention to use (ITU)–were investigated. Results: The hypothesized path model demonstrated a good fit for the data. SI (β = .13, p = .042), PU (β = .46, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .16,p = .008) had significant direct effects on the ITU, which explained 39.5% of the variance. Additionally, SI (β = .27, p < .001), ESE (β = .16, p= .010), RIT (β = - .12, p = .026), AC (β = .28, p < .001), and PEOU (β = .20, p = .001) indirectly affected ITU through PU, which explained 50.7% of the variance. Furthermore, PSE (β = .38, p < .001) indirectly influenced ITU via PEOU, which explained 38.4% of the variance. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the TAM II can be used to effectively predict ITU in SBMs among middle-aged inpatients. To expand the intention to use SBMs, it is necessary to develop SBMs that include content and programs that promote PU, SI, and PEOU.