In cases where a tracheal injury exceeds half the length of the adult trachea or one-third of the length of the child trachea, it becomes difficult to perform end-to-end anastomosis after tracheal resection due to excessive tension at the anastomosis site. In such cases, tracheal replacement therapy is required. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the development of tissue engineering tracheal substitutes, which have promising applications. Hydrogels, which are highly hydrated and possess a good three-dimensional network structure, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, biodegradability, and modifiability, have had wide applications in the field of tissue engineering. This article provides a review of the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and effects of various hydrogels commonly used in tissue engineering trachea in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses and offers prospects for the future application of hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering trachea.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the free examination, traceability, cost settlement and privacy protection during the development of pediatric drug clinical trials by means of information technology, so as to improve the efficiency and quality of project operation. METHODS Based on the existing hospital information system, multi department joint designed and implemented an information system for the settlement of the diagnosis and treatment expenses for drug clinical trial, which realized the real-time settlement of medical costs for drug clinical trials without the need for advance reimbursement of subjects' guardians. RESULTS This system took into account both cost and function, and had good feasibility. It could effectively improve the operation efficiency of drug clinical institutions, ensure the traceability of diagnosis and treatment data, and optimize the experience and privacy protection of child subjects. CONCLUSION The development and design of this system can effectively improve the operating efficiency of pediatric drug clinical trials, and has a good reference for other new record institutions to solve such problems.

OBJECTIVE To establish a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrum/mass spectrum(UPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of anlotinib in human plasma and assessment of clinical application. METHODS Zanubrutinib was used as internal standard and the extraction process was performed through protein precipitation method using acetonitrile, followed by separation on an Ultimate XB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.0 μm) column using acetonitrile and 10 mmol·L−1 ammonium acetate-0.1% formic acid step-elution gradient. The flow rate was 0.6 mL·min−1 and injection volume was 5 μL. The mass analysis was performed by positive ion electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode, and the mass spectrometer was set at m/z 408.1→339.1 for anlotinib and m/z 472.2→290.1 for internal standard, respectively. The specificity, standard curve and lower limit of quantification, precision and recovery, matrix effect and stability of the method and clinical application were investigated. RESULTS The method was validated over the concentration range of 1.0−100.0 ng·mL−1, with R2=0.998 4. The precision RSD was<9%, the recovery and matrix effect were 104.81%−107.32% and 102.54%−105.26%, respectively, and this method had good stability and was not affected by matrix effect. The method had been used for determined 52 advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with anlotinib. The trough plasma concentration (Ctrough) was measured on day 43 after initiation of anlotinib treatment. Anlotinib Ctrough were higher than lower limit of quantitation (1.0 ng·mL−1) from 52 patients. The plasma concentration of anlotinib Ctrough was (11.38±4.29)ng·mL−1 with 37.66% coefficients of variation, which were shown large inter-patient variability. CONCLUSION This method is high sensitivity, specificity and accurate, and suitable for determination of anlotinib in human plasma.

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the clinical significance and in vitro biological effect of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L5 (UCHL5) expression in thyroid carcinoma (TC) tissues. Methods: TCGAdata were used to analyze the expression of UCHL5 in thyroid carcinoma tissues and its relationship with the prognosis of patients. 82 pairs of TC tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues were collected in the Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People&#39;s Hospital from May 2018 to July 2019; TC cell lines (KTC-1 and WRO) were cultured in vitro, and transfected with UCHL5 overexpression vectors or their control vectors via lentivirus. The mRNAand protein expressions of UCHL5 and B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (BRAF) in tissues and cells were detected by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8, and cell invasion and migration were detected by Transwell and Wound-healing experiments. Results: The expression of UCHL5 was low in TC tissues (P<0.01), and its expression was upregulated in tumor tissues with high TNM stage (P<0.01). The expression of UCHL5 was significantly correlated with BRAF expression and TNM stage of patients (all P<0.01), but not significantly related with patient&#39;s age, gender, pathological type and BRAF mutation (all P>0.05). In vitro overexpression of UCHL5 in KTC-1 and WRO cells could significantly promote BRAF expression, cell proliferation and metastasis (all P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression of UCHL5 is low in TC tissue, but upregulated with tumor progression. The high expression of UCHL5 in TC patients suggests poor prognosis. Meanwhile, UCHL5 can promote the malignant behaviors of TC cells in vitro.

Objective: To learn the activities of daily living（ADL）of the elderly in Chongqing and its influencing factors,so as to provide basis for developing ADL intervention measures for the elderly. Methods: Multi-stage sampling method was used to select the elderly aged 65 years or over from 2-3 communities each in 11 districts or counties of Chongqing. They were surveyed by ADL scale including physical activities of daily living（PADL）and instrumental activities of daily living（IADL）. The influencing factors for ADL disability were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Totally 1 341 valid questionnaires out of 1 400 distributed were recovered,with a response rate of 95.79%. There were 596（44.44%）people with ADL disability,among whom 321（53.86%）cases were mild and 275（46.14%）cases were apparently impaired. There were 385（28.71%）suffered from PADL and 575（42.88%）suffered from IADL. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age of 70 years old and over（OR：2.858-7.507,95%CI：2.119-11.816）,not living in downtown（OR=2.073-3.709,95%CI：1.434-5.613）,having commercial insurance（OR=3.202,95%CI：1.419-7.223）and suffering from at least one chronic disease（OR：2.909-5.629,95%CI：1.562-10.681）were the risk factors for ADL disability in the elderly,while having a diploma or above（OR=0.236,95%CI：0.090-0.621）,employing a caregiver（OR=0.466,95%CI：0.260-0.835）and monthly income of 1 000 to less than 4 000 yuan（OR：0.480-0.664,95%CI：0.274-0.923）were the protective factors. Conclusions The rate of ADL impairment is 44.44% in the elderly aged 65 years or over,and is associated with old age,living away from downtown,participation in commercial insurance and suffering from chronic diseases.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of perioperative mortality (POM) in oral maxillofacial head and neck cancer patients. Methods: A retrospective study was adapted for head and neck cancer patients who were treated and had POM in the department of oral maxillofacial & head and neck oncology in Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital from Jan 1999 to Dec 2019. Demographic information, disease characteristic and clinical records were collected. The factors of POM were classified into surgical complication, medical complication, mixed complication (surgical and medical) and personal complication. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the cause composition for POM under different condition. Results : 55 patients were included: 39 were male, and 16 were female. A total of 12 patients had a smoking history. Furthermore, 28 patients had general comorbidities. 20 underwent preoperative radiotherapy and 9 received preoperative chemotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent pathological diagnosis in 37 patients. A total of 9 patients had tumors in the maxilla and skull base. In addtition, 4 patients had POM preoperatively, 1 patient had POM within the operation, and 50 patients had POM postoperatively. The leading causes of death were as follows: rupture of the carotid artery was the most frequent (8), and the surgical complication of pulmonary infection was the main medical complication (6). Pulmonary infection and hemorrhage were regarded as the main mixed complication (4). Two patients had POM due to personal complications. The higher the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, the higher the proportion of medical factors in POM (P=0.039). Conclusion The composition of POM in oral maxillofacial- head and neck cancer (OMHNC) patients was complicated. Carotid artery rupture was the most common and fatal surgical complication, especially for those who underwent preoperative radiotherapy. Pulmonary infection was the most frequent medical complication, and those who had a higher ASA grade tended to have more complication.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of nontraumatic spinal cord injury, including the demographic characteristics,etiology and neurological function. Methods 44 patients with nontraumatic spinal cord injury in the past 4 years were reviewed. Results There were 27 males (61.3%) and 17 females (38.7%) with mean age of 39.85 years (3.5~78). They were followed up for mean of 13.3 (3~23) months. Myelitis (36%) and spinal tumor (including primary and metastatic tumor, 18.1%) were the most common causes, followed by intraspinal tumor (15.9%), vascular disease (13.6%), nontraumatic acute disc herination (6.8%), spinal cord ischemia after non-spinal surgery (4.5%) and hepatic myelopathy (4.5%). Neurological function at the initial admission included tetraplegia in 9 patients, paraplegia in 30 patients, conus medullaris syndrome in 2 patients and cauda equina syndrome in 2 patients. Neurological function of ASIA at the initial admission included A in 14 cases, B in 6, C in 13 and D in 11. 34% patients improved at least one ASIA grade when evaluated at final follow up. Conclusion Nontraumatic etiologies contribute to a significant proportion for spinal cord injury. Patients with nontraumatic spinal cord injury present the clinical characteristics different from traumatic spinal cord injury cases.