In recent years, with the development of social economy, the extension of working hours has become a common phenomenon all over the world. Occupational health hazards caused by long working hours have attracted extensive attention. This paper summarized the research related to long working hours at home and abroad in recent years, described the current situation of long working hours, expounded the adverse effects of long working hours on mood or emotional symptoms, chronic diseases and its pathogenic mechanism of occupational population. We summarized the situation and limitations in this field, and to provide new ideas and directions for further in-depth research.
Occupational Health

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the univariate heritability of resting heart rate and common chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia based on extended pedigrees in Fujian Tulou area and to explore bivariate heritability to test for the genetic correlation between resting heart rate and other relative phenotypes. METHODS: The study was conducted in Tulou area of Nanjing County, Fujian Province from August 2015 to December 2017. The participants were residents with Zhang surname and their relatives from Taxia Village, Qujiang Village, and Nanou Village or residents with Chen surname and their relatives from Caoban Village, Tumei Village, and Beiling Village. The baseline survey recruited 1 563 family members from 452 extended pedigrees. The pedigree reconstruction was based on the family information registration and the genealogy booklet. Univariate and bivariate heritability was estimated using variance component models for continuous variables, and susceptibility-threshold model for binary variables. RESULTS: The pedigree reconstruction identified 1 seven-generation pedigree, 2 five-generation pedigrees, 23 four-generation pedigrees, 186 three-generation pedigrees, and 240 two-generation pedigrees. The mean age of the participants was 57.2 years and the males accounted for 39.4%. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia in this population was 49.2%, 10.0%, and 45.2%, respectively. The univariate heritability estimation of resting heart rate, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was 0.263 (95%CI: 0.120－0.407), 0.404 (95%CI: 0.135－0.673), and 0.799 (95%CI: 0.590－1), respectively. The heritability of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.379, 0.306, 0.393, 0.452, 0.568, 0.852, and 0.387, respectively. In bivariate analysis, there were phenotypic correlations between resting heart rate with hypertension, diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglyceride. After taking resting heart rate into account, there were strong genetic correlations between resting heart rate with fasting glucose (genetic correlation 0.485, 95%CI: 0.120－1, P<0.05) and diabetes (genetic correlation 0.795, 95%CI: 0.181－0.788, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Resting heart rate was a heritable trait and correlated with several common chronic diseases and related traits. There was strong genetic correlation between resting heart rate with fasting glucose and diabetes, suggesting that they may share common genetic risk factors.
Blood Pressure ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Perillae Folium with aqueous extract (PFAE) on some key factors of Adriamycin (ADR)-induced oxidative injury in human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2), including the survival rate, oxidative injury indexes and cell apoptosis,in order to define the underlying mechanism. Method: A model of ADR-induced HK-2 cells oxidative injury was established in vitro, then cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) after intervention with positive reference N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or PFAE (5,15,45 g·L^-1) at different concentrations. According to the morphological changes under microscopy, the optimum concentration of PFAE was screened out for the follow-up experiments. Then, the experiments were divided into six groups:blank group, ADR (0.05 g·L^-1) group, PFAE (15 g·L^-1) group, ADR+PFAE (0.05+15) g·L^-1 group, NAC (0.81 g·L^-1) group, and ADR+NAC (0.05+81) g·L^-1 group. After that, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity(TAC) were measured in the cell homogenate after 24 h administration. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2',7'-dichloroflurescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescence probe. Flow cytometry and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) were used to monitor the cell apoptosis. Western blot was used to observed the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins, like B lymphocyte tumor-2 gene (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), cysteine aspartate protease-9 (Caspase-9), cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), as well as their shear bodies. In addition, the phosphorylation protein expressions of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling transduction pathway were detected by Western blot. Result: Compared with blank group, ADR group showed a decreased cell viability (P<0.01), and lower SOD level (P<0.01), but higher expressions of MDA and ROS (P<0.01), and an increased apoptotic rate (P<0.01). The ADR group also increased in rate of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved Caspase-9/Caspase-9, cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3, and cleaved PARP/PARP (P<0.01), as well as the phosphorylation protein expressions of p38 MAPK, ERK and JNK (P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with the ADR group, both ADR+PFAE groups and ADR+NAC group had higher cell proliferation rates (P<0.01). In addition, the protective effect of PFAE on cells was the most obvious at the concentration of 15 g·L^-1. The ATC and SOD levels were increased in ADR+PFAE group and ADR+NAC group (P<0.01), while their content of MDA and ROS, cell apoptosis, relative ratio of apoptotic protein expression, and phosphorylation protein expressions of p38 MAPK and ERK were all decreased (P<0.01). However, there was no effect on the expression of phosphorylated JNK protein. Conclusion: PFAE could alleviate the oxidative injury of HK-2 cells induced by ADR, and have an antioxidant effect, which inhibited cell apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: Sleep disorders are one of the earliest non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sleep disorders could, therefore, have value for recognition and diagnosis in PD. However, no unified classification and diagnostic criteria exist to evaluate sleep disorders by polysomnography (PSG). Utilizing PSG to monitor sleep processes of patients with PD and analyze sleep disorder characteristics and their relationship with demographic parameters could aid in bridging this gap. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristic of sleep disorders in PD using PSG. Methods: PSG was used to evaluate sleep disorders in 27 patients with PD and 20 healthy volunteers between August 2015 and July 2018 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), total wake time, and other parameters were compared between the two groups. Finally, the correlation between sleep disorders and age, disease duration, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III scores, Hoehn-Yahr stage, and levodopa dose were analyzed. The main statistical methods included Chi-square test, two independent samples t test, Fisher exact test, and Pearson correlation. Results: Sleep fragmentation in the PD group was significantly increased (74.1%) while difficulty falling asleep and early awakening were not, as compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in time in bed, sleep latency (SL), non-rapid eye movement (NREM) stage 1 (N1), N1%, N2, N2%, N3%, and NREM% between PD and control groups; but TST (327.96 ± 105.26 min vs. 414.67 ± 78.31 min, P = 0.003), SE (63.26% ± 14.83% vs. 76.8% ± 11.57%, P = 0.001), R N3 (20.00 [39.00] min vs. 61.50 [48.87] min, P = 0.001), NREM (262.59 ± 91.20 min vs. 337.17 ± 63.47 min, P = 0.003), rapid-eyemovement (REM) (32.50 [33.00] min vs. 85.25 [32.12] min, P < 0.001), REM% (9.56 ± 6.01 vs. 15.50 ± 4.81, P = 0.001), REM sleep latency (157.89 ± 99.04 min vs. 103.47 ± 71.70 min, P = 0.034) were significantly reduced in PD group. Conclusion This preliminary study supported that sleep fragmentation was an important clinical characteristic of sleep disorders in PD. Whether sleep fragmentation is a potential quantifiable marker in PD needs to be further investigated in the future study.

Objective: To examine sleep quality and related factors among middle school students,and to provide a scientific reference for making the relevart interventional measures. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire anonymous survey was conducted among 9 560 students randomly selected from Shanxi province using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to collect information on sleep quality. Results: Among all the participants, 2 255 (23.6%) middle school students were reported poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was significantly higher in girls (24.5%) than in boys (22.4%)(χ2=5.93, P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of poor sleep quality between junior middle school (12.9%), senior middle school (36.6%) and vocational school students (24.6%) (χ2=636.07, P<0.01). The global PSQI, sleep duration and sleep disturbance scores were higher in girls than in boys (t=3.76，8.38，3.47，P<0.01). There were significant differences between students with different school stages in global PSQI, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction scores (F=727.43,83.69,1 670.07,8.24,26.19,4.20,609.80,P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school stage, academic pressure, parental marital state, relationship with teachers, physical activity, smoking and drinking were associated with poor sleep quality among middle school students in Shanxi. Conclusion Sleep problems are common among middle school students, and appropriate intervention should be taken to improve sleep quality of students from individual, school-and family level.

The aim of the present study was to obtain the qualified hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPC) and human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in vitro in the co-culture system. Cord blood mononuclear cells were separated from umbilical cord blood by Ficoll lymphocyte separation medium, and then CD34HSC was collected by MACS immunomagnetic beads. The selected CD34HSC/HPC and MSC were transferred into culture flask. IMDM culture medium with 15% AB-type cord plasma supplemented with interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, thrombopoietin (TPO), stem cell factor (SCF) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L) factors were used as the co-culture system for the amplification of HSC/HPC and MSC. The cellular growth status and proliferation on day 6 and 10 after co-culture were observed by using inverted microscope. The percentage of positive expression of CD34 in HSC/HPC, as well as the percentages of positive expressions of CD105, CD90, CD73, CD45, CD34 and HLA-DR in the 4generation MSC, was tested by flow cytometry. Semisolid colony culture was used to test the HSC/HPC colony forming ability. The osteogenic, chondrogenesis and adipogenic ability of the 4generation MSC were assessed. The karyotype analysis of MSC was conducted by colchicines. The results demonstrated that the HSC/HPC of co-culture group showed higher ability of amplification, CFU-GM and higher CD34percentage compared with the control group. The co-cultured MSC maintained the ability to differentiate into bone cells, fat cells and chondrocytes. And the karyotype stability of MSC remained normal. These results reveal that the appropriate co-culture system for MSC and HSC is developed, and via this co-culture system we could gain both two kinds of these cells. The MSCs under the co-culture system maintain the biological characteristics. The CFU-GM ability, cell counting and the flow cytometry results of HSC/HPC under the co-culture system are conform to the criterion, showing that the biological functions of HSC/HPC are maintained.
Antigens, CD34 ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Fetal Blood ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-3 ; Interleukin-6 ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Stem Cell Factor ; Umbilical Cord ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) with the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic events, and survival outcomes in esophageal cancer (EC) patients.

METHODSThe PubMed, Web of Science, Embase database and Cochrane database were searched for studies reporting the outcomes of interest. The studies were selected according to established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the studies was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata12.0 software with the odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) , hazard ratio (HR) , and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect indexes.

RESULTSNineteen studies involving a total of 1766 patients were included in the analysis. Significant correlations of CTCs and DTCs were found with the clinicopathological parameters including the tumor stage (OR=1.95), depth of invasion (OR=1.99), lymph node metastasis (OR=2.44), distal metastasis (OR=5.98), histological differentiation (OR=1.67) and lymphovascular invasion (OR=4.48). CTCs and DTCs were also correlated with the prognostic events including relapse (RR=6.86) and metastasis (RR=3.22) and with the survival outcomes including the overall survival (OS) overall analysis (HR=3.46) and disease-free survival/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) overall analysis (HR=3.00).

CONCLUSIONCTCs and DTCs are significantly associated with an advanced tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis before therapy, differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, relapse and metastasis in patients with EC. They are also significantly correlated with a poorer survival for OS and DFS/PFS to serve as clinical and prognostic predictors in patients with EC.

Disease-Free Survival ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) protein in human insulinoma and explore its clinical significance.

METHODSNineteen pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor tissue were collected from patients treated in Nanfang Hospital between 2000 and 2014. The protein expression of YY1 in benign and malignant insulinoma tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSPositive expression for YY1 protein was detected in both benign and malignant tumor tissues, but the malignant tissues had a significantly greater intensity of YY1 expression than the benign tissues (P=0.042). The intensity of YY1 expression was positively correlated with the nature of the tumor, and the insulinomas with high expressions of YY1 had significantly greater malignant potentials (P=0.037).

CONCLUSIONThe high expression of YY1 protein is associated with the development of insulinima. YY1 may serve as a new tumor marker for detecting the malignant transformation of insulinoma.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; YY1 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; metabolism

This study was aimed to assess the effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide (ASPS) on in-vitro hematopoiesis. CFU-GM assays were used to determine the effect of ASPS and thrombopoietin (TPO) on granulocytic-monocyte progenitor cells. The CFU assays were also used to investigate the effect of ASPS on the proliferation of HL-60 cells.HL-60 cells were cultured with serum-free RPMI 1640 medium and treated with or without of different concentrations of ASPS. After 72 h incubation, the number of cells were counted.In addition, the caspase-3 and JC-1 expression was determined by flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI double staining. The results showed that ASPS (100, 200 µg/ml) and TPO (100 ng/ml) significantly promoted CFU-GM formation in vitro. Various concentrations of ASPS and TPO also promoted the colony formation of HL-60 cells, the largest effect of ASPS was observed at a concentration of 100 µg/ml. There were no synergistic effects between TPO and ASPS on cellular proliferation. The results also showed that ASPS significantly protected HL-60 cells from apoptosis in condition of serum-free medium culture, suppressed caspase 3 activation, and reduced the cell apoptosis. It is concluded that ASPS can significantly promote the formation of bone marrow CFU-GM and the proliferation of HL-60 cells, the optimal concentration of ASPS is at 100 µg/ml. In the absence of serum inducing apoptosis, ASPS also significantly reduced the apoptosis of HL-60 cells via suppressing the activation of caspase-3.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Astragalus Plant ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Hematopoiesis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Thrombopoietin ; pharmacology

This article reports the treatment of a patient suffered from acute radiation burn covering 41% TBSA, with deep partial-thickness and full-thickness injury, produced by exposure to a large-scale industrial electron accelerator. An open wound began to appear and enlarged gradually 10 weeks after the exposure. Serious wound infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pneumonia, respiratory failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, nephropathy and hypoproteinemia developed successively since 3 weeks after the wound formation. Skin grafts failed to survive, resulting in enlargement of the wound. After being treated with proper measures, including parenteral nutrition, respiratory support with a ventilator, appropriate antibiotics, steroid administration for nephropathy, deep debridement for wounds followed by skin grafting, the patient was cured and discharged after undergoing 15 operations in 500 days. The clinical condition of an extensive acute radiation burn is complicated. We should pay close attention to the changes in functions of organs, and strengthen the therapeutic strategies to support the function of organs to reduce the incidence of systemic complications. The control of the infection and the timely and effective repair of the wound are still the key points of the treatment of an extensive local radiation injury.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Burns ; complications ; microbiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Radiation Injuries ; complications ; therapy ; Wound Infection ; therapy