After continuous development and improvement, lung transplantation has become the preferred means to treat a variety of benign end-stage lung diseases. However, the field of lung transplantation still faces many challenges, including shortage of donor resources, preservation and maintenance of donor lungs, and postoperative complications. Lung tissue samples removed after lung transplantation are excellent clinical resources for the study of benign end-stage lung disease and perioperative complications of lung transplantation. However, at present, the collection, storage and utilization of tissue samples after lung transplantation are limited to a single study, and unified technical specifications have not been formed. Based on the construction plan of the biobank for lung transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, this study reviewed the practical experience in the collection, storage and utilization of lung transplant tissue samples in the aspects of ethical review, staffing, collection process, storage method, quality control and efficient utilization, in order to provide references for lung transplant related research.

AIM: To investigate the effect of corneal topography-guided phacoemulsification with transparent corneal incision on cataract patients.METHODS:A total of 92 cataract patients(92 eyes)admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group(46 eyes)received the conventional 11:00 clear corneal incision scheme, and the study group(46 eyes)received the steepest meridian clear corneal incision scheme. The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal surface morphology indicators, including surface regularity index(SRI), surface asymmetry index(SAI), and cylinder(CYL), subjective dry eye symptoms questionnaire scoring scale(SDES), tear film break-up time(BUT), and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); there were statistical significance in the SAI and CYL of both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the fluctuation levels of SDES and BUT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after surgery(all P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Under the guidance of corneal topography, phacoemulsification through the transparent corneal incision of the steepest meridian of the cornea can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of cataract patients, restore the corneal surface morphology, and have few complications.

AIM: To investigate the effect of corneal topography-guided phacoemulsification with transparent corneal incision on cataract patients.METHODS:A total of 92 cataract patients(92 eyes)admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups: the control group(46 eyes)received the conventional 11:00 clear corneal incision scheme, and the study group(46 eyes)received the steepest meridian clear corneal incision scheme. The uncorrected visual acuity, corneal surface morphology indicators, including surface regularity index(SRI), surface asymmetry index(SAI), and cylinder(CYL), subjective dry eye symptoms questionnaire scoring scale(SDES), tear film break-up time(BUT), and complications were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:All patients completed the follow-up. The uncorrected visual acuity of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group at 1 wk, 1 and 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); there were statistical significance in the SAI and CYL of both groups of patients at 3 mo after surgery(all P<0.05); the fluctuation levels of SDES and BUT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after surgery(all P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Under the guidance of corneal topography, phacoemulsification through the transparent corneal incision of the steepest meridian of the cornea can improve the uncorrected visual acuity of cataract patients, restore the corneal surface morphology, and have few complications.

Retinal vein occlusion-induced macular edema(RVO-ME)is a severe complication of retinal vein occlusion, known for its challenging treatment, persistence, and tendency to recur. Recent studies have demonstrated that combined therapy offers advantages over single therapy, effectively reducing macular edema, enhancing visual function, decreasing the frequency of treatments, lowering overall costs, and easing the patient's burden. This approach addresses the limitations of single treatment methods and has garnered significant clinical interest. This article reviews the current status and future prospects of combined treatments for RVO-ME.

Objective To analyze the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and to project the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 2022 to 2030, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Methods The prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, as well as the years lost due to disability (YLDs) rate and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections in China, the world and different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources, and the trends in the disease burden due to schistosomiasis were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis were examined in China using an age-period-cohort (APC) model, and the disease burden of schistosomiasis was predicted in China from 2022 to 2030 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model. Results The age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and the age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections were 761.32/10⁵, 5.55/10⁵ and 0.38/10⁵ in China in 2021. These rates were all lower than the global levels (1 914.30/10⁵, 21.90/10⁵ and 3.36/10⁵, respectively), as well as those in the medium SDI regions (1 413.61/10⁵, 12.10/10⁵ and 1.93/10⁵, respectively), low-medium SDI regions (2 461.03/10⁵, 26.81/10⁵ and 4.48/10⁵, respectively), and low SDI regions (5 832.77/10⁵, 94.48/10⁵ and 10.65/10⁵, respectively), but higher than those in the high SDI regions (59.47/10⁵, 0.49/10⁵ and 0.05/10⁵, respectively) and high-medium SDI regions (123.11/10⁵, 1.20/10⁵ and 0.12/10⁵, respectively). The prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis were higher among men (820.79/10⁵ and 5.86/10⁵, respectively) than among women (697.96/10⁵ and 5.23/10⁵, respectively) in China in 2021, while the YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections was higher among women (0.66/10⁵) than among men (0.12/10⁵). The prevalence of schistosomiasis peaked at ages of 30 to 34 years among both men and women, while the DALYs rate of schistosomiasis peaked among men at ages of 15 to 19 years and among women at ages of 20 to 24 years. The age-standardized prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a moderate decline in China from 1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions [EAPC = -1.51%, 95% CI: (-1.65%, -1.38%)], while the age-standardized DALYs rate [EAPC = -3.61%, 95% CI: (-3.90%, -3.33%)] and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections [EAPC = -4.16%, 95% CI: (-4.38%, -3.94%)] appeared the fastest decline in China from1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions. APC modeling showed age, period, and cohort effects on the trends in the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and the prevalence of schistosomiasis appeared a rise followed by decline with age, and reduced with period and cohort. BAPC modeling revealed that the age-standardized prevalence and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections all appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 2022 to 2030, which reduced to 722.72/10⁵ [95% CI: (538.74/10⁵, 906.68/10⁵)], 5.19/10⁵ [95% CI: (3.54/10⁵, 6.84/10⁵)] and 0.30/10⁵ [95% CI: (0.21/10⁵, 0.39/10⁵)] in 2030, respectively. Conclusions The disease burden of schistosomiasis appeared a tendency towards a decline in China from 1992 to 2021, and is projected to appear a tendency towards a decline from 2022 to 2030. There are age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in China. Precision schistosomiasis control is required with adaptations to current prevalence and elimination needs.

AIM: To investigate the influence of relevant inflammatory markers in peripheral blood on the progression of neovascular glaucoma(NVG)secondary to diabetic retinopathy(DR)patients.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of NVG: those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)alone(PDR group, n=148)and those with NVG secondary to PDR(NVG secondary to PDR group, n=142). Peripheral blood inflammatory markers were evaluated, including white blood cell-related indices, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio(MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII). The distinctions in peripheral blood inflammatory markers between the two groups of patients and their relationships with NVG secondary to PDR were analyzed.RESULTS:No statistically significant differences were observed in basic characteristics between the two groups, confirming their comparability. However, significant differences were found in eosinophil percentage and MLR between the PDR group and the NVG secondary to PDR group(all P<0.05), with both values being significantly higher in the NVG secondary to PDR group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the eosinophil percentage and the MLR were factors influencing the development of patients with NVG secondary to PDR.CONCLUSION: Eosinophil percentage and MLR may be associated with the progression of PDR to NVG, and could serve as potential predictive markers for NVG development in PDR patients.

ObjectiveTo understand the uncorrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent and hyperopia reserve of 6‒8-year-old primary school students in Jing’an District of Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for further myopia prevention and control. MethodsA total of 619 children aged between 6‒8 years old from three primary schools in Jing’an District were selected by cluster sampling method for uncorrected eye visual acuity examination and diopter examination after cycloplegia (mydriasis). ResultsThe mean uncorrected visual acuity of the619 students aged 6‒8 years old was (4.9±0.2), and the mean spherical equivalent was (0.84±1.11) D. The difference in uncorrected visual acuity was not statistically significant as the age increased (F=0.057, P=0.812), but the spherical equivalent decreased with the increase of age, showing a statistically significant difference (F=26.533, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in uncorrected visual acuity(t=-1.614, P=0.107) and spherical equivalent (t=-1.675, P=0.094) between students of different genders. Finally, among the 619 students, 59.80% of them had abnormal uncorrected visual acuity, 34.90% had insufficient hyperopia reserve, and only 5.30% had sufficient hyperopia reserve. Besides, the proportion of abnormal uncorrected visual acuity in 7-year-old students was 67.50%, higher than that of students with other ages, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²_trend=29.729, P<0.001). While the difference in abnormal uncorrected visual acuity between students of different genders was not statistically significant (χ²=0.068, P=0.967). ConclusionThe deficiency of hyperopia reserve in 6‒8-year-old students in Jing’an District of Shanghai is serious. Attention should be paid to the visual acuity of school-aged children in lower grades, and intervention measures should be actively carried out to slow down the progression of myopia.

Objective To investigate the effect of diet and lifestyle on cardiovascular comorbidity in elderly diabetic patients in community. Methods A total of 437 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus in a community of Huai'an City were divided into comorbidity group and non-comorbidity group according to the presence or absence of cardiovascular comorbidity. Dietary and lifestyle data were collected by self-designed questionnaires. The differences between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of comorbidity of diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular disease. Results Among the surveyed patients, 184 (42.11%) had at least one comorbidity of cardiovascular disease, with the most common diseases being hypertension in 93 patients (21.28%), coronary heart disease in 71 patients (16.25%), and stroke in 42 patients (9.61%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that: the risk of comorbidity in the male group was 1.528 times higher than that in the female group; the risk of comorbidity among individuals with inadequate carbohydrate intake was 1.520 times higher than that of individuals with adequate carbohydrate intake; the risk of comorbidity in the group with smoking history > 30 years was 1.299 times higher than that in the group ≤ 30 years; the risk of comorbidity was 49.80% lower in the group with tea preference than that in the group without tea preference; and the risk of comorbidity in the group not meeting the standard for exercise was 1.492 times higher than that in the group meeting the standard for exercise. All these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The comorbidity of cardiovascular disease in elderly diabetic patients in community should not be ignored, and targeted dietary and lifestyle interventions are helpful for the prevention and control of comorbidity.

Objective: To investigate the association between screen time (ST) during leisure time and anxiety-depression symptoms among middle school students, so as to provide a basis for formulating relevant intervention measures. Methods: From November to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 542 students from junior and senior high school in Taiyuan City. A self designed questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to investigate ST and anxiety/depression symptoms among middle school students. The Logistic regression model was used to explore the association of ST with symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as with anxiety and depression comorbiditles (CAD). Results: The detection rates of anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and CAD were 13.69%, 15.77%, and 10.11%, respectively. The median ST was 2.00 h/d [interquartile range ( IQR =2.38) for weekly averages], with 0.33 h/d ( IQR =1.67) on work days and 5.00 h/d ( IQR=5.50) on rest days. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the total ST of mobile phones during rest days ( OR =1.07, 1.10, 1.11) and the averages ST of mobile phones over a week ( OR = 1.20 , 1.22, 1.29), as well as the total ST of all screen types during rest days ( OR =1.04, 1.04, 1.05) and the averages ST of all screen types over a week ( OR =1.08, 1.09, 1.21) were positively correlated with anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and CAD (all P <0.01). Conclusions Among middle school students in Taiyuan City, screen time is positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety or depression and the comorbidity of anxiety and depression, especially smartphone screen time and weekend screen use. Therefore, measures should be implemented to reduce unnecessary screen time among middle school students, especially the use of mobile phones, in order to mitigate the occurrence of anxiety and depression.

Objective To compare the biological characteristics of human embryonic lung cell line MU-L2, MU-L2 cell line transfected with SV40-LT(MU-SVL2) and the international established human embryonic lung cell line MRC-5, in order to apply MU-L2 cell line to biomedical research and vaccine production.Methods MU-L2, MU-SVL2 and MRC-5 cells were cultured in MEM medium containing 10% NBS, and passed according to the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume Ⅲ, 2020 edition). The growth characteristics of three kinds of cells were observed under microscope, CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability, qPCR was used to measure telomere relative length, soft agar clone formation test was used to analyze cell tumorigenicity, and Giemsa staining karyotype analysis was used to detect chromosome stability. The detection results of the cell lines were compared.Results After 72 h of culture, the three kinds of cells grew into a dense monolayer, and the cells showed a typical vortex-like arrangement, growing in good condition. The proliferation rates of MU-L2and MU-SVL2 cells were significantly higher than that of MRC-5 cells in 3-6 d of culture(F = 1. 893, P < 0. 05). With the increase of generations, the telomere relative length shortened accordingly, while the recent secondary telomere relative length values of MU-L2 and MU-SVL2 were higher than those of MRC-5 cells. No colony formation was found in the three kinds of cells, and they all belonged to normal diploid karyotype.Conclusion MU-L2 and MU-SVL2 cells have strong proliferation ability, better telomere stability, no tumorigenicity and stable chromosome, which are expected to be used in biomedical research and vaccine production.