Osteoporosis is a common senile bone metabolism disease， clinically characterized by decreased bone mass， destruction of bone microstructure， increased bone fragility， and easy fracture. It tends to occur in the elderly and postmenopausal women， seriously threatening the quality of life and physical and mental health of the elderly. At present， the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly based on oral western medicines， such as calcium， Vitamin D， and bisphosphonates. Still， there are drawbacks such as a long medication cycle and many adverse reactions. In recent years， due to the advantages of multi-component， multi-pathway， and multi-target， some traditional Chinese medicines and effective ingredients can regulate the osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation process in both directions and are widely used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Hippophae rhamnoides is a commonly used herbal medicine， and its fruits are rich in flavonoids， polyphenols， fatty acids， vitamins， and trace elements， which have been proven to have a good anti-osteoporosis effect. Isorhamnetin is the main effective ingredient of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits， which has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation， anti-oxidative stress， anti-aging， and anti-tumor. Studies have shown that isorhamnetin can participate in the regulation of bone metabolism and has a good anti-osteoporosis effect. However， the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of isorhamnetin against osteoporosis have not been systematically summarized. Therefore， this paper reviewed the pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of isorhamnetin against osteoporosis by referring to relevant literature to provide more basis for the development and application of isorhamnetin.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of free perforator flap of deep medial plantar artery and with sensory nerve in reconstruction of soft tissue defect in heel.Methods:From May 2022 to June 2023, a total of 15 patients with soft tissue defect of heels that caused by various reasons were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital. The patients were 6 males and 9 females aged 21 to 45 years old, at 32 years old in average. The size of defects was 5 cm×8 cm-10 cm×14 cm. Free perforator flaps of deep medial plantar artery with cutaneous medial plantar nerve were used, at 5 cm×8 cm-11 cm×14 cm in size. Cover the first phase of VSD dressing in the supply site, remove it after 1 week, fill the wound with granulation tissue, and then perform full-thickness skin graft.Results:All 15 flaps survived after surgery. Postoperative outpatient follow-up lasted for 8 to 15 (average 12)months. Appearance and texture of the reconstructed heels were satisfactory, the affected feet were able to bear normal weight without obvious tenderness or ulcer formation. The reconstructed heals were resistant to wear and cold with good sensation. TPD of the flaps achieved 5 mm to 7 mm, without sense of heterotopia after rehabilitation. There was no obvious pigmentation or cicatricial contracture.Conclusion:It is satisfactory to apply a free perforator flap of deep medial plantar artery with sensory nerve in reconstruction of soft tissue defect of heel.

As an excellent hosting matrices for enzyme immobilization, metal-organic framework (MOFs) provides superior physical and chemical protection for biocatalytic reactions. In recent years, the hierarchical porous metal-organic frameworks (HP-MOFs) have shown great potential in enzyme immobilization due to their flexible structural advantages. To date, a variety of HP-MOFs with intrinsic or defective porous have been developed for the immobilization of enzymes. The catalytic activity, stability and reusability of enzyme@HP-MOFs composites are significantly enhanced. This review systematically summarized the strategies for developing enzyme@HP-MOFs composites. In addition, the latest applications of enzyme@HP-MOFs composites in catalytic synthesis, biosensing and biomedicine were described. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities in this field were discussed and envisioned.
Metal-Organic Frameworks/chemistry* ; Porosity ; Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry* ; Biocatalysis ; Catalysis

Objective:To investigate the effects of urinary nickel exposure on insulin resistance, islet function and diabetes risk in adults aged 18 years and above in China.Methods:Based on the China National Human Biomonitoring from 2017 to 2018, a total of 500 diabetes patients were randomly selected as the case group, and the matched euglycemic control were selected by 1∶1 matching ratio. The urinary and venous blood samples of the subjects were collected, and the urinary nickel levels and serum glucose metabolism indexes such as fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were detected, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), β cell function index (HOMA-β), and adjusted HOMA-β were calculated by using homeostasis model assessment. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between urinary nickel level and diabetes risk. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of urinary nickel level with HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and adjusted HOMA-β.Results:The sex ratio of controls and cases was 1∶1. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for factors such as education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, rice and meat intakes, family history of diabetes, BMI, total cholesterol level, hypertension, and urinary creatinine, compared with T1 group, the ORs of diabetes risk in the T2 and T3 groups were 1.36 (95% CI: 0.98-1.89) and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.14-2.24), respectively. The multiple linear regression model showed a positive association between urinary nickel levels and the elevated HOMA-IR, the β value of HOMA-IR in the T3 group was 0.12 (95% CI: 0.01-0.25) compared with the T1 group and each one-unit increase in the log-transformed urinary nickel level (2.71 μg/L) was associated with a 0.06 elevation in HOMA-IR (95% CI: 0.02-0.10). Meanwhile, the urinary nickel levels were negative associated with the adjusted HOMA-β, the β value of adjusted HOMA-β in the T3 group were -0.26 compared with the T1 group (95% CI: -0.41- -0.11), and each one-unit increase in the log-transformed urinary nickel level (2.71 μg/L) was associated with a -0.09 decrease in adjusted HOMA-β(95% CI: -0.14- -0.04). Conclusion:Higher urinary nickel level is positively correlated with elevated insulin resistance and diabetes risk while negatively correlated with the function of pancreatic islet β cells in adults in China.

Objective:To investigate the preventive efficacy of pirfenidone in esophageal stent-related restenosis and the related underlying mechanisms.Methods:Twenty-four rats underwent esophageal stent placement were included in this study. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups, with 8 rats in each group. The three groups were set to receive placebo, 150 mg/kg pirfenidone and 300 mg/kg pirfenidone daily by oral administration for 28 days, respectively. Twenty-eight days after stent placement, the stented esophagi were harvested for histological examinations. The number of epithelial layers, the thickness of submucosal fibrosis, the percentage of granulation tissue area, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, the degree of collagen deposition, and the α-SMA staining scores were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was performed for the statistical comparison of the number of epithelial layers, the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, the degree of collagen deposition and the α-SMA staining scores among these three groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of the thickness of submucosal fibrosis and the percentage of granulation tissue area among the three groups. Results:Gross pathological findings showed that both pirfenidone groups had significantly less luminal fibrotic tissue formation and restenosis than placebo group. The percentage of granulation tissue areas in placebo group, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg pirfenidone groups were 57.23%±25.68%, 21.80%±6.65% and 12.18%±6.37%, respectively. Both pirfenidone groups showed significantly less granulation tissue areas than placebo group ( P<0.01). The degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, the degree of collagen deposition and the α-SMA staining scores were 3.28±0.55, 3.38±0.63 and 2.75±0.38 in placebo group, 2.30±0.46, 2.36±0.58 and 2.00±0.42 in 150 mg/kg pirfenidone group, and 1.86±0.38, 1.91±0.41 and 1.57±0.28 in 300 mg/kg pirfenidone group, respectively. Both pirfenidone groups showed significantly less inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and α-SMA staining scores than placebo group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Pirfenidone can suppress esophageal stent-related restenosis in rats by significantly inhibiting inflammation, myofibroblast activation and proliferation, and fibrotic tissue formation.

Objective:To discuss the safety and feasibility of transradial access (TRA) in performing peripheral arterial intervention.Methods:The clinical data of the patients underwent peripheral vascular intervention via TRA in our hospital from September 2017 to March 2019 were reviewed. The success rate of radial artery puncture and subsequent operation after puncture, and related postoperative complications within 30 days were analyzed.Results:The clinical data of 112 peripheral arterial intervention procedures via TRA performed on 106 patients were reviewed, including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in 83 cases, bronchial arterial infusion in 4 cases, pelvic tumor embolization in 11 cases and 14 other cases. The success rate of all interventional punctures was 97.3% (109/112), the operative success rate of interventional procedures was 98.2% (107/109). The TRA operation was failed in 5 patients, who were then converted to receive the femoral artery puncture and complete successfully. The severe complication of the operation was aortic dissection (2 cases). Minor complications included 2 cases of radial artery occlusion, radial artery spasm, arm pain and puncture point hematoma for each case. The severe complication and the minor complication rates were 1.8% (2/112) and 4.5% (5/112), respectively. Sixteen emergency operations were performed successfully, and no complication occurred.Conclusion:The TRA is a clinically safe and feasible approach for peripheral arterial interventional procedure.

Objective:To discuss the safety and feasibility of transradial access (TRA) in performing peripheral arterial intervention.Methods:The clinical data of the patients underwent peripheral vascular intervention via TRA in our hospital from September 2017 to March 2019 were reviewed. The success rate of radial artery puncture and subsequent operation after puncture, and related postoperative complications within 30 days were analyzed.Results:The clinical data of 112 peripheral arterial intervention procedures via TRA performed on 106 patients were reviewed, including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in 83 cases, bronchial arterial infusion in 4 cases, pelvic tumor embolization in 11 cases and 14 other cases. The success rate of all interventional punctures was 97.3% (109/112), the operative success rate of interventional procedures was 98.2% (107/109). The TRA operation was failed in 5 patients, who were then converted to receive the femoral artery puncture and complete successfully. The severe complication of the operation was aortic dissection (2 cases). Minor complications included 2 cases of radial artery occlusion, radial artery spasm, arm pain and puncture point hematoma for each case. The severe complication and the minor complication rates were 1.8% (2/112) and 4.5% (5/112), respectively. Sixteen emergency operations were performed successfully, and no complication occurred.Conclusion:The TRA is a clinically safe and feasible approach for peripheral arterial interventional procedure.

Objective:To investigate the effect of long-chain non coding RNA (lncrna) loc730101 in the proliferation, invasion and migration of U2OS cells, and its mechanism.Methods:From February, 2019 to October, 2019, U2OS cells cultured in vitro were divided into control group (normal culture), negative group (transfection nega- tive control), and interference group (transfection of interference sequences targeting LOC730101). The expression of LOC730101 in cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell proliferation ac tivity was tested by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Cell clone formation rate was mearused by plate clone formation test. Cell cycle distribution was tested by flow cytometry. Cell invasion and migra- tion were examed by Transwell chamber. The expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins Vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins in cells β-catenin, c-Myc, cyclin D1(CyclinD1) and matrix metalloproteinase-7(MMP-7) proteins were detected by Western blotting method. The date was statistical analysed and considered as statistically significant when P<0.05. Results:Compared with the control group, the expression level of LOC730101 (0.25±0.03 and 1.00±0.06) in interference group and control group, respectively. The same below), cell survival rate [(57.65±3.26)% and (100.00±7.39)%], clone formation rate [(13.03± 2.12)% and (25.35±3.58)%], number of invasive cells(51.36±3.48 and 92.85±6.62), number of migrating cells (77.15± 5.05 and 136.92±15.35), the percentage of cells in S phase [(20.54±2.15)% and (28.15±2.38)%] and G 2/M phase [(16.87±2.12)% and (23.36±3.12)%], as well as the expression level of Vimentin (0.52±0.04 and 1.17±0.13), N-cadherin (0.31±0.03 and 0.65±0.04), β-catenin (0.42±0.03 and 0.73±0.04), c-Myc (0.29±0.03 and 0.65±0.03), CyclinD1 (0.26± 0.02 and 0.58±0.04), MMP-7 protein (0.55±0.03 and 0.86±0.06) was decreased significantly ( P<0.05), while the per- centage of cells in G 0/G 1 phase [(62.62±5.15)% and (48.46±3.65)%] and the expression level of E-cadherin protein(0.82± 0.06 and 0.38±0.03) were increased significantly in the interference group ( P<0.05). But there was no significant differ- ence in each index in the negative group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Reduce the regulation of LOC730101 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of U2OS cells, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the correlation between the level of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the extent of coronary lesions in coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods One hundred and ninety-two CHD patients included in the study were divided into simple CHD group (n =60),CHD accompanied with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) group (n =67),and CHD accompanied with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group (n =65).48subjects were used as controls.The levels of GLP-1 in all the patients were analyzed by ELISA.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTF) was performed.Blood glucose,insulin,and C-peptide levels were measured.The area under curves of insulin(AUCINS),C-peptide (AUCC-P),glucose (AUCGlu),and GLP-1 (AUCGLP-1) were calculated.All the patients underwent coronary angiography and the extent of coronary lesions was analyzed by total amount of coronary narrow degree integral.The association of GLP-1 level with coronary narrow degree was analyzed by correlation analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis.Results The levels of blood glucose and AUCGlu during OGTT in CHD accompanied with T2DM group were significantly higher than those in CHD with IGT group (P＜0.01),while the levels of insulin and C-peptide,AUCINS,and AUCC-P were decreased (P＜0.05).The levels of blood glucose,insulin,C-peptide,AUCGlu,AUCINs,and AUCC-P in CHD accompanied with IGT group were significantly higher than those in control group and simple CHD group (P＜0.01).Compared with simple CHD group and CHD accompanied with IGT group,GLP-1 level in CHD accompanied with T2DM group was markedly decreased(P＜0.01) while coronary artery narrow degree was raised(P＜ 0.05).Compared with simple CHD group,CHD accompanied with IGT group showed lower GLP-1 level and higher coronary artery narrow degree(P＜0.01).Correlation analysis revealed that GLP-1 level was negatively correlated with the coronary artery narrow degree in CHD patients (P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,fasting C-peptide and GLP-1 had a predictive effect on the coronary narrow degree integral in CHD patients.Conclusion The level of GLP-1 is closely correlated with the coronary artery narrow degree in CHD patients,especially in patients accompanied by hyperglycemia.

Objective To analyze the influence of liraglutide intervention combined percutanous coronary intervention(PCI) therapy on acute myocardial infarction( AMI) with type 2 diabetes( T2DM) patients'myocardial injury, ventricular remodeling( VR), and cardiac function. Methods Eighty patients with AMI and T2DM were included in the study, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table, each with 40 patients. The patients in the control group received metformin and conventional insulin combined PCI treatment, and the patients in the observation group received metformin and liraglutide combined PCI treatment. The changes in the values of ventricular remodeling indexes, cardiac function and serum related indexes were compared after 3 months treatment between the two groups. Results ( 1) The body weight and fasting blood glucose levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group( P＜0.05), and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01). (2)The levels of N-terminal-pro-B- type natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ), creatine kinase isoenzymes-MB ( CK-MB), and troponin I ( TnI) in the observation group 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05). (3)The levels of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group 3 months after treatment( P＜0. 05). ( 4) The values of left ventricular end systolic diameter ( LVESD ), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septum thickness ( IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness ( LVPWT), left ventricular mass index ( LVMI), left ventricular end systolic volume ( LVESV), and left ventricular end diastolic volume(LVEDV) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group; the values of left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and mitral valve early diastolic blood flow rate (VE)/atrial systolic flow velocity ( VA), all were higher than those of the control group ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion Lraglutide intervention combined with PCI therapy on AMI with T2DM patients may reduce myocardial injury, induce ventricular remodeling, enhance cardiac function, and improve prognosis.