Objective: To understand the association between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and cardiopulmonary endurance among middle school students, so as to provide references for the improvement of cardiopulmonary endurance levels in adolescents. Methods: From June 2015 to December 2018 by using the method of purposive sampling, height, weight, waist circumference, and 20 m shuttle-run tests were measured among 44 870 adolescents aged 13-18 from Northeast, North, East, South, Southwest and Northwest of China. The WWI of the adolescents and the maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) were calculated indirectly. The t-test and one way analysis of variance were used for comparison, and the curve regression analysis method was adopted to analyze the relationship between WWI and VO 2max . Results: For Chinese middle school students aged 13-18, the WWI was (9.35±1.02), the number of 20 m shuttle-run was (38.89±18.14) times, and VO 2max was (39.96±5.88) mL/(kg ·min -1 ). The differences of VO 2max between WWI quartile arrays of boys aged 13-18 were statistically significant ( F=15.19, 9.00, 14.97, 20.48, 28.13, 10.13 , P <0.01), girls had the same trend ( F=23.36, 16.61, 33.45, 32.96, 18.23, 19.36, P <0.01). There was an inverted U shaped curve relationship between WWI and cardiopulmonary endurance. When WWI was 8.5, the VO 2max level reached the highest, which was 40.07 mL/(kg ·min -1 ). Compared with girls, WWI in boys had a more significant impact on cardiopulmonary endurance. Conclusion Maintaining optimal WWI levels may enhance adolescents cardiopulmonary endurance.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep quality and mental health among middle school students, so as to provide scientific basis for improving mental health among adolescents. Methods: From September to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 5 713 middle school students aged 13-18 from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi. Sleep quality and mental health were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Brief Adolescent Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between sleep quality and various dimensions of mental health among middle school students. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the total PSQI score among middle school students of different age groups ( H=226.49, P <0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in the psychological health scores of middle school students in different age groups ( H=5.37, P >0.05). In terms of gender, the total PSQI score for girls [5.00 (3.00, 6.00)] was higher than that for boys [4.00 (2.00, 6.00)]; additionally, boys had higher mental health scores [85.00 (75.00, 90.00)] than females [83.00 (70.00, 89.00)], with statistically significant differences ( Z=-10.90, -8.16, P <0.01). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between total PSQI scores and mental health scores ( r=-0.51, P <0.05) among middle school students. After controlling for variables such as maximum oxygen uptake, physical activity and nutritional status, linear regression analysis further confirmed that higher PSQI scores were associated with lower mental health scores ( B=-3.76, 95%CI = -4.15 to -3.38, P <0.01). Conclusion There is a negative correlation between PSQI scores and mental health scores among middle school students, indicating that improving sleep quality may contribute to better mental health among middle school students.

Objective: To explore the relationship between sleep quality and executive function among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support for the promotion of adolescents physical and mental health development. Methods: From September to December 2023, 5 713 junior and senior high school students aged 13 to 18 were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to conduct sleep quality survey. And conduct executive function was tested on middle school students, including inhibitory function, refresh function and conversion function tests. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and executive function of middle school students. Results: The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of boys was [4.0(2.0,6.0)] and that of girls was [5.0(3.0,6.0)], and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-10.90, P < 0.01 ). The total PSQI score of boys was positively correlated with both 2-back reaction time and conversion function of executive function ( r =0.04, 0.04); the total PSQI score of girls was negatively correlated with 2-back reaction time ( r =-0.04) ( P <0.05). After controlling for variables such as mental health, physical activity and nutritional status,linear regression analyses showed that PSQI total score of middle school students was positively correlated with the inhibitory function and the conversion function response time [ B (95% CI )=1.28(0.21-2.34), 7.62(2.34-12.90), P <0.05]; the associations of total PSQI scores among middle school students with both 2-back and 1-back response time were not statistically significant [ B (95% CI )=-5.88(-16.14-4.37), 8.05( -3.39 -19.50), P >0.05]. Conclusion Positive correlations are observed on sleep quality with inhibitory and conversion functions of executive function among middle school students.

Objective: To explore relationship of sleep quality with overweight and obesity among middle school students, so as to provide a reference basis for improving adolescent sleep health. Methods: From September to December 2023, 5 713 middle school students aged 13 to 18 were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method in six regions, including Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi and Urumqi. Sleep quality survey was conducted on middle school students by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Height and weight were measured, and World Health Organization s standards for growth and development of children and adolescents was used to evaluate their nutritional status. Both χ 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between sleep quality and nutritional status of middle school students. Results: The non compliance detection rate of sleep quality was 38.4% among girls, but 29.2% among boys, and the difference was of statistical significance( χ 2=54.08, P < 0.01 ). The detection rate of substandard sleep quality was 34.2% in the group with normal nutritional status, 38.3% in the group with overweight, 43.7% in the group with obesity and 26.0% in the group with emaciation, and the difference in the rates of substandard sleep quality among middle school students of different nutritional status was statistically significant ( χ 2=68.15, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for mental health and physical activity, the detection rate of substandard sleep quality in the obese groups was 1.30 times higher than that in the normal group, respectively( OR =1.30, 95% CI =1.06- 1.59 , P <0.01). Conclusions Sleep quality is correlated with overweight and obesity among middle school students, and there are gender differences. Intervention policies should be formulated according to the characteristics of different genders.

Objective: To explore the association between physical activity and sleep quality among middle school students, so as to provide reference for adolescent sleep improvement. Methods: From September to December 2023, 5 713 middle school students aged 13-18 years were selected from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi and Urumqi by stratified cluster random sampling method. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Evaluation of Physical Activity Levels of Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years were used to investigate and evaluate sleep quality and physical activity. Comparisons between groups were made using the t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and associations between physical activity and sleep quality of middle school students were analyzed using Spearman correlation and linear regression methods. Results: The total PSQI scores were 4.0(2.0,6.0) and 5.0 (3.0,6.0) for boys and girls, respectively, with significant sex difference ( Z =-10.90, P <0.01); light physical activity(LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) of boys were 18.57 (2.86, 42.86) and 68.57 (35.71, 119.18)min, and girls were 14.29 (0.00, 30.00) and 55.71 (31.43, 92.86)min respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z =3.65, -8.65 , P <0.01). The results of Spearman correlation regression showed that adolescents MVPA was negatively correlated with the total PSQI score ( r =-0.04, P <0.01). After controlling for variables such as mental health, nutritional status and maximum oxygen uptake, the results of linear regression analysis showed that PSQI total score negatively predicted MVPA among middle school students ( B =-4.76, 95% CI =-7.16 to -2.36, P <0.05). Conclusion The longer the duration of physical activity among middle school students, the better the quality of sleep.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a natural village in Wenfeng District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to observe the occurrence of tooth loss and esophageal cancer among the asymptomatic residents of the natural village for 16 years from January 2008 to July 2024. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline. Results Among the total population of 711 cases, 136 cases were lost to follow-up and 575 cases were included in the final statistics, including 45 cases with esophageal cancer. Significant statistical difference was found between esophageal cancer patients with and without tooth loss (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.977, 95%CI: 1.543-10.255). After the adjustment for confounders, tooth loss remained significantly associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.038, 95%CI: 1.035-8.914). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the number of teeth lost and the incidence of esophageal cancer. When the number of teeth lost was less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increased with the number of teeth lost. When more than 12 teeth were lost, the risk of esophageal cancer decreased as the number of teeth lost increased. Conclusion Tooth loss is a risk factor for the occurrence of esophageal cancer in this natural village. When the number of teeth lost is less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increases with the number of teeth lost.

Objective: To explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Chinese adolescents, so as to provide a reference for promoting the overall development of Chinese adolescents physical and mental health. Methods: From September to December 2022, a total of 5 018 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi were selected by stratified cluster sampling method to assess cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function. Pearson s correlation and linear hierarchical regression were performed to analyze the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and executive functions. Results: Among the sample of adolescents, maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) was negatively correlated with the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion executive function responses ( r=-0.07, -0.12, -0.12, P <0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that VO 2max was negatively correlated with the reaction times of the refreshing(1-back, 2-back) and conversion functions ( B=-2.99, -6.44, -1.69, P <0.01). Conclusions Higher cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents is associated with better performance in executive function. Teenagers should strengthen high intensity cardiopulmonary endurance exercise to promote the improvement of executive function.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of sakubatril valsartan combined with tolvaptan in the treatment of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)and the effects on echocardiography and cardiovascular events.Methods According to the random number table method,400 patients with HFrEF admitted to the First People's Hospital from September 2017 to January 2022 were divided into the control group and the combination group with 200 cases each.Both groups were given conventional treatment,based on which the control group was given sacubitril valsartan and the combination group was given sacubitril valsartan combined with tolvaptan.The efficacy,echocardiographic indexes[left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter(LVESD)],myocardial injury indexes[serum brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),high-sensitivity troponin T(hs-CTnT),growth transforming factor-15(GDF-15)],urine output,neuroendocrine factors[antidiuretic hormone(ADH),angiotensin(PRA),angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)],cardiovascular events and adverse effects were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate was 94.50%(189/200)higher in the combined group than 86.00%(172/200)in the control group(P＜0.05);LVEF was high-er in the combined group than in the control group after treatment,and LVEDD and LVESD were lower than in the control group(P＜0.05);BNP,hs-CTnT,GDF-15,ADH PRA,and Ang II were lower in the combined group than in the control group,and urine volume was higher than in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6-month follow-up after treatment,there were no statistically significant differences in the rehospitalization rate of heart failure,the incidence of non-fatal infarction,post-discharge cardiovascular mortali-ty and all-cause mortality in the combined group compared with those of the control group(P＞0.05);there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events in the combined group compared with that of the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Sacubitril valsartan combined with tolvaptan is effective in treating HFrEF,by reducing myocardial inju-ry,promoting urination,and improving patients'cardiac function without increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and adverse reactions.

Oral diseases concern almost every individual and are a serious health risk to the popula-tion.The restorative treatment of tooth and jaw defects is an important means to achieve oral function and support the appearance of the contour.Based on the principle of"learning from the nature",Deng Xu-liang's group of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has proposed a new concept of"microstructural biomimetic design and tissue adaptation of tooth/jaw materials"to address the worldwide problems of difficulty in treating dentine hypersensitivity,poor prognosis of restoration of tooth defects,and vertical bone augmentation of alveolar bone after tooth loss.The group has broken through the bottle-neck of multi-stage biomimetic technology from the design of microscopic features to the enhancement of macroscopic effects,and invented key technologies such as crystalline/amorphous multi-level assembly,ion-transportation blocking,and multi-physical properties of the micro-environment reconstruction,etc.The group also pioneered the cationic-hydrogel desensitizer,digital stump and core integrated restora-tions,and developed new crown and bridge restorative materials,gradient functionalisation guided tissue regeneration membrane,and electrically responsive alveolar bone augmentation restorative membranes,etc.These products have established new clinical strategies for tooth/jaw defect repair and achieved inno-vative results.In conclusion,the research results of our group have strongly supported the theoretical im-provement of stomatology,developed the technical system of oral hard tissue restoration,innovated the clinical treatment strategy,and led the progress of the stomatology industry.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5(CCL5)modulation by extracellular matrix stiffness in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to determine the effect of CCL5 on the immunotherapy response of NSCLC.Methods The correlation between extracellular matrix stiffness and CCL5 expression in NSCLC was analyzed with the TCGA database.Polyacrylamide hydrogels with different stiffness were designed according to the extracellular matrix stiffness of NSCLC,and H1299 cells responding to the mechanical loading of hydrogel matrix stiffness were subjected to transcriptome sequencing.High matrix stiffness was verified to promote the expression of CCL5 by using sequence.Results High extracellular matrix stiffness upregulated CCL5 expression,and interferon-γ mediated signaling pathway might be involved in the process.NSCLC patients with high CCL5 expression had a greater abundance of cytotoxic T-cells in tumor tissue and reacted favorably to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 treatment.Conclusion Increased extracellular matrix stiffness promotes CCL5 synthesis,and CCL5 enhances immunotherapy responsiveness in NSCLC by increasing cytotoxic T cell infiltration in tumor tissue.