Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis(OMS)is a subtype of maxillary sinusitis(MS).It is actually inflammation of the maxillary sinus that secondary to adjacent infectious maxillary dental lesion.Due to the lack of unique clinical features,OMS is difficult to distinguish from other types of rhinosinusitis.Besides,the characteristic infectious pathogeny of OMS makes it is resistant to conventional therapies of rhinosinusitis.Its current diagnosis and treatment are thus facing great difficulties.The multi-disciplinary cooperation between otolaryngologists and dentists is absolutely urgent to settle these questions and to acquire standardized diagnostic and treatment regimen for OMS.However,this disease has actually received little attention and has been underrepresented by relatively low publication volume and quality.Based on systematically reviewed literature and practical experiences of expert members,our consensus focuses on characteristics,symptoms,classification and diagnosis of OMS,and further put forward multi-disciplinary treatment decisions for OMS,as well as the common treatment complications and relative managements.This consensus aims to increase attention to OMS,and optimize the clinical diagnosis and decision-making of OMS,which finally provides evidence-based options for OMS clinical management.

BACKGROUND: The effect of arteriosclerotic intracranial arterial vessel wall enhancement (IAVWE) on downstream collateral flow found in vessel wall imaging (VWI) is not clear. Regardless of the mechanism underlying IAVWE on VWI, damage to the patient's nervous system caused by IAVWE is likely achieved by affecting downstream cerebral blood flow. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of arteriosclerotic IAVWE on downstream collateral flow. METHODS: The present study recruited 63 consecutive patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2021 to November 2021 with underlying atherosclerotic diseases and unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1-segment stenosis who underwent an magnetic resonance scan within 3 days of symptom onset. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to IAVWE and the stenosis ratio (Group 1, n = 17; Group 2, n = 19; Group 3, n = 13; Group 4, n = 14), and downstream collateral flow was analyzed using three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) and RAPID software. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores of the patients were also recorded. Two-factor multivariate analysis of variance using Pillai's trace was used as the main statistical method. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in baseline demographic characteristics among the groups. IAVWE, but not the stenosis ratio, had a statistically significant significance on the late-arriving retrograde flow proportion (LARFP), hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), and NIHSS scores ( F = 20.941, P <0.001, Pillai's trace statistic = 0.567). The between-subject effects test showed that IAVWE had a significant effect on the three dependent variables: LARFP ( R2 = 0.088, F = 10.899, P = 0.002), HIR ( R2 = 0.234, F = 29.354, P <0.001), and NIHSS ( R2 = 114.339, F = 33.338, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Arteriosclerotic IAVWE significantly reduced downstream collateral flow and affected relevant neurological deficits. It was an independent factor affecting downstream collateral flow and NIHSS scores, which should be a focus of future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2100053661.
Humans ; Constriction, Pathologic/pathology* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers in China and analyze the factor influencing the KAP.Methods:A self-developed questionnaire was used for an online research on the KAP of 11 849 pediatric healthcare providers from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China from March 11 to 14, 2022.The factors influencing the KAP of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers were examined by Logistic regression. Results:The scores of KAP, of pulse oximetry were 5.57±0.96, 11.24±1.25 and 11.19±4.54, respectively.The corresponding scoring rates were 69.61%, 74.95%, and 55.99%, respectively. Logistic regression results showed that the gender and working years of pediatric healthcare providers, the region they were located, and whether their medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters were the main factors affecting the knowledge score (all P<0.05). Main factors influencing the attitude score of pediatric healthcare providers included their knowledge score, gender, educational background, working years, region, medical institution level, and whether the medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). For the practice score, the main influencing factors were the knowledge score, gender, age, and whether the medi-cal institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese pediatric healthcare providers need to further improve their knowledge about and attitudes towards pulse oximetry.Pulse oximeters are evidently under-used.It is urgent to formulate policies or guidelines, strengthen education and training, improve knowledge and attitudes, equip more institutions with pulse oximeters, and popularize their application in medical institutions.

Development of thoracolumbar vertebra (TLV) and rib primordium (RP) is a common evolutionary feature across vertebrates, although whole-organism analysis of the expression dynamics of TLV- and RP-related genes has been lacking. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptome landscape of thoracic vertebra (TV), lumbar vertebra (LV), and RP cells from a pig embryo at 27 days post-fertilization (dpf) and identified six cell types with distinct gene expression signatures. In-depth dissection of the gene expression dynamics and RNA velocity revealed a coupled process of osteogenesis and angiogenesis during TLV and RP development. Further analysis of cell type-specific and strand-specific expression uncovered the extremely high level of HOXA10 3'-UTR sequence specific to osteoblasts of LV cells, which may function as anti-HOXA10-antisense by counteracting the HOXA10-antisense effect to determine TLV transition. Thus, this work provides a valuable resource for understanding embryonic osteogenesis and angiogenesis underlying vertebrate TLV and RP development at the cell type-specific resolution, which serves as a comprehensive view on the transcriptional profile of animal embryo development.

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effects of age on the biological properties of adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) and fat survival of ASC-assisted lipotransfer. To identify the effect of age factors on the biological characteristics of human ASCs and compare the effects of ASCs-assisted subcutaneous fat transplantation/lipotransfer on nude mice at different ages.Methods:Human lipoaspirates were obtained from 30 healthy female patients (aged from 18 to 65 years) acquiring the abdominal liposuction. Samples were divided into three groups according to donor age: group A, 18-29 years; group B, 30-49 years; group C, 50-65 years. Stromal vascular fraction cells were isolated from the harvested adipose tissue using collagenase. The yield and cell viability of SVF were tested using the Muse cell count and viability assay. ASCs were cultured and harvested at the second passage. MSC surface markers of ASCs were examined by the flow cytometry. The cell proliferation of ASCs from different age was determined by the CCK-8 assay. The scratch test was used for assessing the ASCs migration ability. The adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs was analyzed by induction of lipid formation in vitro. The expression levels of PPAR-γ and CEBP-α genes were detected by RT-PCR assay. The survival of adipocytes in the grafts was analyzed by perilipin-A immunofluorescence staining. The fat survival of ASCs-enriched grafts from different age was measured in animal models. The weight and residual volume of fat grafts were compared in different groups after three months. The histologic analysis was evaluated by cell integrity and necrosis tissue in fat grafts. The vessel density was measured using the CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0 with one-way ANOVA to compare the difference of multiple groups. A value of P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The yield and cell viability of SVF isolated from lipoaspirates were: group A, (7.06±1.28)×10 5/ml and 82.46%±2.81%; group B, (6.90±0.32)×10 5/ml and 82.01%±3.85%; group C, (6.40±0.62)×10 5/ml and 77.82%±3.45%, respectively. No significant difference was found in different age groups. SVF viability was decreased with increasing age. The expression of positive surface markers CD90, CD44, CD105 and CD73 of ASCs in each group was above 95%, and the expression of negative surface markers was below 2%, all of which met the criteria for the expression level of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers. Moreover, there was a decline in cell proliferation and migration of ASCs with increasing age. No significant difference was found in the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs in three groups. The fat grafts were harvested three months after cell-assisted lipotransfer. The graft weight was(0.18±0.02) g in group A, (0.17±0.02) g in group B, (0.15±0.01) g in group C, (0.13±0.03) g in control group, respectively; F=9.274, P<0.001. The residual volume of grafts was(262.88±17.69)/mm 3 in group A, (263.83±25.96)/mm 3 in group B, (240.06±25.08)/mm 3 in group C, (201.81±31.48)/mm 3 in the control group; F=12.95, P<0.001. There were significant differences in the weight and residual volume of fat grafts in different age groups( F=5.231, P=0.012; F=3.364, P=0.049). HE staining result showed that compared with the blank control group, ASC-assisted groups had uniform distribution of adipocytes, less fibrous connective tissue and necrotic tissue. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of fat integrity and necrotic tissue between the groups ( F=3.434, P=0.027; F=9.314, P<0.001). Results of the histologic analysis showed no significant difference in the proportion of fat cell integrity and necrotic tissue in each group( F=0.282, P=0.756; F=0.421, P=0.661). Immunofluorescence staining result showed that, compared with the control group, a higher number of perilipin-positive adipocytes were observed in ASCs-assisted fat grafting from different age groups, with uniform distribution. The vessel density of fat grafts was (15.70±4.16)/mm 2 in group A, (17.03±8.30)/mm 2 in group B; (16.68±6.71)/mm 2 in group C, (11.50±4.04)/mm 2 in control group; F=3.523, P=0.019. Conclusions:The proliferation and migration of human ASCs decreased with age, but age did not affect the adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. ASCs from different ages effectively improved the fat survival of grafts. ASCs-assisted fat grafting was more effective in young people than in elder.

Objective:The aim of this study is to compare the effects of age on the biological properties of adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) and fat survival of ASC-assisted lipotransfer. To identify the effect of age factors on the biological characteristics of human ASCs and compare the effects of ASCs-assisted subcutaneous fat transplantation/lipotransfer on nude mice at different ages.Methods:Human lipoaspirates were obtained from 30 healthy female patients (aged from 18 to 65 years) acquiring the abdominal liposuction. Samples were divided into three groups according to donor age: group A, 18-29 years; group B, 30-49 years; group C, 50-65 years. Stromal vascular fraction cells were isolated from the harvested adipose tissue using collagenase. The yield and cell viability of SVF were tested using the Muse cell count and viability assay. ASCs were cultured and harvested at the second passage. MSC surface markers of ASCs were examined by the flow cytometry. The cell proliferation of ASCs from different age was determined by the CCK-8 assay. The scratch test was used for assessing the ASCs migration ability. The adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs was analyzed by induction of lipid formation in vitro. The expression levels of PPAR-γ and CEBP-α genes were detected by RT-PCR assay. The survival of adipocytes in the grafts was analyzed by perilipin-A immunofluorescence staining. The fat survival of ASCs-enriched grafts from different age was measured in animal models. The weight and residual volume of fat grafts were compared in different groups after three months. The histologic analysis was evaluated by cell integrity and necrosis tissue in fat grafts. The vessel density was measured using the CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0 with one-way ANOVA to compare the difference of multiple groups. A value of P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The yield and cell viability of SVF isolated from lipoaspirates were: group A, (7.06±1.28)×10 5/ml and 82.46%±2.81%; group B, (6.90±0.32)×10 5/ml and 82.01%±3.85%; group C, (6.40±0.62)×10 5/ml and 77.82%±3.45%, respectively. No significant difference was found in different age groups. SVF viability was decreased with increasing age. The expression of positive surface markers CD90, CD44, CD105 and CD73 of ASCs in each group was above 95%, and the expression of negative surface markers was below 2%, all of which met the criteria for the expression level of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers. Moreover, there was a decline in cell proliferation and migration of ASCs with increasing age. No significant difference was found in the adipogenic differentiation of ASCs in three groups. The fat grafts were harvested three months after cell-assisted lipotransfer. The graft weight was(0.18±0.02) g in group A, (0.17±0.02) g in group B, (0.15±0.01) g in group C, (0.13±0.03) g in control group, respectively; F=9.274, P<0.001. The residual volume of grafts was(262.88±17.69)/mm 3 in group A, (263.83±25.96)/mm 3 in group B, (240.06±25.08)/mm 3 in group C, (201.81±31.48)/mm 3 in the control group; F=12.95, P<0.001. There were significant differences in the weight and residual volume of fat grafts in different age groups( F=5.231, P=0.012; F=3.364, P=0.049). HE staining result showed that compared with the blank control group, ASC-assisted groups had uniform distribution of adipocytes, less fibrous connective tissue and necrotic tissue. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of fat integrity and necrotic tissue between the groups ( F=3.434, P=0.027; F=9.314, P<0.001). Results of the histologic analysis showed no significant difference in the proportion of fat cell integrity and necrotic tissue in each group( F=0.282, P=0.756; F=0.421, P=0.661). Immunofluorescence staining result showed that, compared with the control group, a higher number of perilipin-positive adipocytes were observed in ASCs-assisted fat grafting from different age groups, with uniform distribution. The vessel density of fat grafts was (15.70±4.16)/mm 2 in group A, (17.03±8.30)/mm 2 in group B; (16.68±6.71)/mm 2 in group C, (11.50±4.04)/mm 2 in control group; F=3.523, P=0.019. Conclusions:The proliferation and migration of human ASCs decreased with age, but age did not affect the adipogenic differentiation potential of ASCs. ASCs from different ages effectively improved the fat survival of grafts. ASCs-assisted fat grafting was more effective in young people than in elder.

Histology teaching requires a combination of theory and experiment for a better understanding of microstructure and related functions of body.On the basis of the comparison and summary of the advantages and limitations of traditional light microscopy tissue slices and the emerging digital slicing,we combined them in the teaching of micromorphology experiments to achieve a better teaching results.Each experimental course (about 3 to 4 hours) was divided into four parts:teaching videos,observation of light microscopy tissue slices and digital slicing,discussion on course content and random quizzes.This teaching method contributed to the improvement of the students' interest and motivation in learning,the teachers' teaching efficiency and the overall teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the status on children of 3-14 years old who suffered from cerebral palsy in Liaoning province. Methods One thousand three hundred and twenty-three cases of children with cerebral palsy of 3-14 years old who received rehabilitation in city hospital, county hospital and community hospital were investigated from January 2013 to October 2016 in 14 cities in Liaoning Province. The proportion of cerebral palsy children in 3-4 years old, 4-5 years old, 8-9 years old, 5-6 years old , 6-7 years old and 7-8 years old was about 10%, and in the other age the proportion was about 7%. The proportion of men and women generally was 4:1;neonatal convulsion (252 cases, 19%), premature delivery (230 cases , 17.3%) and low birth weight infant (187 cases, 14.1%) were main risk factors and accounted for more than 10%. Spastic type cerebral palsy accounted for the highest proportion (54.35%, 719 cases)and ataxia cerebral palsy accounted for the lowest proportion (2.95%). In complications , lower intelligence accounted for the highest proportion (50.34%, 666 cases), followed by the language barrier (43.99% , 582 cases), and the other complications accounted for less than 10%.;gross motor function classification in most studied children was stageⅡ(35%) and stageⅢ(32.50%); 6.95% patients could go to school, and 84.96% patients had health insurance. Patients coming from city accounted for 69.01%, and patients coming from rural area accounted for 30.99%. Mothers′ education below primary school was 4.16% . 36.05% children received rehabilitation in comprehensive hospital, 60.09%in children′s hospital and 3.85%in maternal and child health hospital. Conclusions Spastic cerebral palsy is the main type of children with cerebral palsy in Liaoning.High risk factors include neonatal convulsions, premature birth and low birth weight infants. Most patients complicate with low intelligence and language barriers.This paper can be used as the basis of further research on prevention and treatment

Feeding difficulty is a widespread problem with high incidence in the premature infant and small for gestational age. There are many factors to impact the feeding difficulty in premature and small for ges-tational age,including suffocation,primary disease,gestational age,milk time,pregnancy factors,environmental factors,hormone levels. In this paper,we summarize the feeding difficulties′ etiology,pathogenesis,treatment a-bout premature and small for gestational age,aimed at providing the basis of feeding difficulties′prevention and cure for premature and small for gestational age.

Laryngeal cartilage dysplasia,also known as congenital laryngeal cartilage softening or con-genital laryngeal stridor,a clinical common laryngeal disease in infant. It is often shown as airflow makes special sound through larynx or tracheal stenosis,also known as laryngeal stridor. Obstruction can be caused by airway lumen or external pressure. Airway obstruction position can be located in the nose,pharynx and larynx and tra-chea. Laryngeal stridor can be caused by many diseases,such as congenital laryngeal stridor,acute laryngeal,or acute laryngotracheobronchitis,respiratory tract foreign bodies,congenital laryngeal stenosis and laryngeal web, etc. The pathogenesis,pathology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.