AIM:To investigate the relationship between the number of dopaminergic neurons and the locomo-tor behavior of animals,and to provide a reference basis for the modeling of mice with different stages of Parkinson disease(PD)and different types of locomotor deficits based on 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)injection.METHODS:We in-duced lesions in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc)by administering various doses of 6-OHDA(3 g/L,6 g/L,and 12 g/L)to create PD mouse models with differing degrees of injury,thereby mimicking the various stages of PD progression observed in patients(early,moderate and advanced stages).On the 14th day post-surgery,we evaluated the behavioral deficits of the mouse models using the rotarod test,pole test,beam traversal test,open field test,and gait analysis.Fur-thermore,the quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neurons within the SNc and TH-stained dopaminergic terminals in the corpus striatum caudate-putamen(CPu)was conducted utilizing immunofluorescence staining techniques to assess brain tissue damage.RESULTS:Compared to the control group,the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SNc was significantly reduced in both the high-dose group(P<0.05)and the medium-dose group(P<0.05)following 6-OHDA injection,demonstrating a dose-dependent effect(Spearman correlation,P<0.01).Similarly,the dopaminergic terminals in the CPu were significantly diminished in the high-dose group(P<0.01)and the medium-dose group(P<0.05).Behavioral tests revealed that mice in the high-dose group exhibited severe impairments in motor coordination and hindlimb balance,as evidenced by reduced rotarod test times,gait abnormalities,and asymmetrical forelimb use in the cylinder test.In contrast,mice in the medium-and low-dose groups displayed only mild declines in limb coordination,while their autonomous motor abilities and gait indices remained largely unaffected.CONCLUSION:The results reveal a dose-dependent effect on dopamine neuron damage,with higher doses causing the severest damage.Unexpectedly,signifi-cant locomotion impairments were only manifested in the high-dose group.This suggests that a mouse model induced by higher 6-OHDA dose is effective for studying PD and associated dyskinesia.Conversely,animal models with low to medi-um doses can be useful for exploring the early stages of PD locomotion symptoms.

Objective : To investigate the clinical efficacy of clear aligner therapy combined with orthognathic surgery in the treatment of skeletal Class Ⅲ mandible deviation. Methods : A case of mandibular lateral deviation treated by combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgery was reported and analyzed in combination with the related literature. Clear aligner therapy was chosen for orthodontic treatment, and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy and genioplasty were adopted to address the skeletal deformity. Results: Eight intermaxillary fixation screws were inserted during surgery to fix the splint, and settling elastics were run to achieve better occlusion postsurgery. With good compliance of the patient, treatment was completed by the first set of aligners, Class I canine and molar relationships were obtained, normal overbite and overjet were achieved, and mandibular deviation was addressed. The stability was good 1 year after treatment. The results of the literature review showed that clear aligner therapy in conjunction with orthognathic surgery has been widely used, but there are still some challenges in front. Compared with traditional orthodontics, the digital features of clear aligner therapy makes it fit more closely with computer-aided surgery, and there is more space for exploration. Conclusion For patients with good compliance, clear aligner therapy combined with orthognathic surgery can effectively complete the treatment of simple cases. The advantage of digital design equips clear aligner therapy with good prospects for development.

Objective To observe the 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of primary systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL).Methods A total of 21 patients with primary systemic ALCL were enrolled,and PET/CT manifestations were observed.Results Among 21 cases of ALCL,there were 15 cases of ALK+and 6 cases of ALK-.Affected lymph nodes in multiple site were observed in 19 cases,mainly located in the neck(n=13),mediastinum(n=12 cases)or retroperitoneum(n=12),while single site affected lymph node was notice in 2 cases.Extranodal organs/site involvements were found in 12 cases,including 6 cases of soft tissue(such as skin,muscles,etc.),4 cases of bone,14 cases of organs,including 4 cases of lung,3 cases of liver,2 cases of pancreas,2 cases of kidney,2 cases of gastrointestinal tract and 1 case of thyroid.Among 21 cases of ALCL,19 with irregular lymph node morphology and fused into clusters,17 with uniform density,3 with necrosis and 1 with calcification.All ALCL lesions in 21 cases showed hypermetabolism,the maximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)and the mean standard uptake value(SUVmean)of the affected lymph node was 17.04±9.94 and 9.96±6.15,respectively,while the metabolic tumor volume(MTV)and total lesion glycolysis(TLG)of all lesions was 92.54(67.61,249.21)cm3 and 723.46(419.78,1 461.17)g,respectively.The maximum diameter of the affected lymph node was not significantly correlated with SUVmax nor SUVmean(both P＞0.05),but positively correlated with MTV and TLG of all lesions(r=0.696,0.767,both P＜0.001).Ann Arbor staging was positively correlated with the maximum diameter,SUVmax and SUVmean of the affected lymph node,also MTV and TLG of all lesions(r=0.467,0.458,0.702,0.780,0.664,all P＜0.05).Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of primary systemic ALCL were characteristic,with significant changed metabolic parameters,including SUVmax,SUVmean,MTV and TLG.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of supportive care needs for patients with glioma after surgery and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 168 postoperative patients with glioblastoma admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated with Capital Medical University from January to May 2022 were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, Supportive Care Need Survey-34-item Short Form (SCNS-SF34), M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT) and Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) were used to investigate them. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of supportive care needs in patients with glioma after surgery.Results:The score for supportive care needs in 168 postoperative patients with glioblastoma was (71.68±25.28). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that place of residence, occupational status, degree of symptom distress and fatigue degree were the influencing factors for supportive care needs of glioma patients after surgery ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Patients with glioma after surgery have unmet supportive care needs, which are influenced by their place of residence, work status, disease symptoms and fatigue levels. Medical staff provide personalized guidance to postoperative patients to help them cope with postoperative symptoms, reduce fatigue levels and meet their supportive care needs.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether the microglia in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudal part (Sp5C) were activated in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia and to explore whether the activation level of microglia is consistent with maxillofacial pain level. METHODS: Chronic constriction injury of trigeminal nerve (CCI) was induced by partial ligation of infraorbital nerve (IoN) in rats. The behavioral change of rats observed at D1, D5, D10, D15, and D30 days post-surgery and the change of pain threshold were detected with electronic Von Frey filaments served as an evaluation index of maxillofacial pain. Weight change was measured by weighing. Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) expression level of Sp5C at each time point was detected, and three microglia morphological categories were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The changes of behavioral and pain threshold suggested the maxillofacial pain level first increased and then decreased post-surgery in the IoN-CCI group. Both the expressions of Iba-1 and proportion of ameboid morphology in ipsilateral Sp5C increased from D1 and reached their peaks in D10 and D5, respectively. Then, they recovered nearly to the same level with contralateral Sp5C on D30. This trend was consistent with the maxillofacial change. CONCLUSIONS The model of trigeminal neuralgia in rats constructed by partial ligation of infraorbital nerve can induce the activation of microglia in Sp5C, and the activation level is consistent with maxillofacial pain, which reached its peak at around D10 post-surgery.
Rats ; Animals ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Microglia ; Pain Threshold/physiology* ; Pain

Orthodontic tooth movement elicits alveolar bone remodeling and orofacial pain that is manifested by tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is upregulated in periodontium and may modulate tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. The objectives were to examine the role of NGF in tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was induced by ligating closed coil springs between incisors and molars in Sprague-Dawley rats. Retrograde labeling was performed by periodontal administration of fluor-conjugated NGF and the detection of fluorescence in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Lentivirus vectors carrying NGF shRNA were employed to knockdown the expression of NGF in TG. The administration of agonists, antagonists, and virus vectors into TG and periodontium was conducted. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was examined through the threshold of biting withdrawal. Our results revealed that tooth movement elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by NGF neutralizing antibody and that NGF was upregulated in periodontium (mainly in periodontal fibroblasts) and TG. Retrograde labeling revealed that periodontal NGF was retrogradely transported to TG after day 1. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and NGF were co-expressed in trigeminal neurons and the percentage of co-expression was significantly higher following tooth movement. The administration of NGF and NGF neutralizing antibody into TG could upregulate and downregulate the expression of ASIC3 in TG, respectively. NGF aggravated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by ASIC3 antagonist (APETx2). Moreover, NGF neutralizing antibody mitigated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be recapitulated by ASIC3 agonist (GMQ). NGF-based gene therapy abolished tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and downregulated ASIC3 expression. Taken together, in response to force stimuli, periodontal fibroblasts upregulated the expressions of NGF that was retrogradely transported to TG, where NGF elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia through upregulating ASIC3. NGF-based gene therapy is a viable method in alleviating tooth-movement-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.

This article analyzes the health-seeking behavior and its influencing factors of children with brain tumors in order to understand the behavioral characteristics and laws during health-seeking. At the same time, this article analyzes the correlation between treatment timeliness and prognosis, and proposes corresponding strategies to improve treatment timeliness. This article aims at providing ideas and references for relevant departments to formulate prevention and control policies, rationally allocate medical and health resources.

Objective:]To investigate the role of Arpin protein in bone repair by mediating migration of host bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to the bone defect area after transplantation of tissue engineering bone (TEB).Methods:Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression and relative localization of Arpin and Arp2/3 proteins in BMSCs. Lentiviruses that ware designed to interfere with Arpin expression were constructed to transfect BMSCs for knockdown Arpin expression. Knockdown efficiency was verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( qRT-PCR) and Western blot. According to different levels of Arpin protein expression, experiments were divided into empty vector control group and an Arpin expression inhibition group in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments: the cell migration model was established with a migration chamber, then the cells from both groups were seeded on the up chamber, and the number of migrated cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Cells from both groups were seeded on six-well plates. Model of wound healing experiment was established and wound healing ratio was examined by microscopy. In vivo experiments: 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were selected and assigned to empty vector control group and Arpin expression inhibition group according to the random number table, with 6 rats per group. Diaphysis of 2 mm and periosteum in the middle femur were excised to make a large segment of bone defects. Then, TEB was transplanted into the defect area and fixed.Green fluorescein-labeled BMSCs (1 million cells per mouse) from empty vector control group and Arpin expression inhibition group were injected through the tail vein. Number of BMSCs homing to the bone defect area was detected by immunofluorescence staining at day 2 and 7 after operation. At 4 weeks after operation, the femur was taken for a Micro-CT scan to analyze bone mass density(BMD), bone volume density (BV/TV), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Then, the specimens were stained with pathological HE and MASSON staining to observe the quality of bone formation. Results:Mouse BMSCs expressed Arpin protein, which was located at the cell edge relative to Arp2/3. After transfection of lentivirus, BMSCs expressed green fluorescent protein, and the expression of Arpin gene and protein in Arpin expression inhibition group were decreased compared to empty vector control group ( P<0. 01). BMSCs migration was enhanced in Arpin expression inhibition group compared to empty vector control group [(76.6±6.6) vs. (105.7±6.5)] ( P<0. 01). Wound healing was accelerated in Arpin expression inhibition group compared to empty vector control group [(43.8±0.19)% vs. (62.6±3.2)%]( P<0.01). At day 2 after operation, immunofluorescence results showed no significant difference in cell migration between the two groups and almost no labeled cells migrated. At day 7 after operation, more cells migrated to the transplanted area in Arpin expression inhibition group compared to empty vector control group [(5.7±1.5) vs. (11.3±1.5)] ( P<0.01). At 4 weeks after operation, Micro-CT results showed that Arpin expression inhibition group had better bone formation quality than empty vector control group [BMD: (172.7±6.0)mg/cm 3vs. (140.0±6.0)mg/cm 3, BV/TV: (28.8±1.3)% vs. (23.4±0.9)%, Tb.Sp: (0.33±0.01)μm vs. (0.28±0.01)μm, Tb.Th: (0.11±0.01)μm vs.(0.15±0. 01)μm]( P<0.05). Pathological staining showed there were more new bone tissue in Arpin expression inhibition group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Silencing Arpin protein expression promotes BMSCs to migrate to the bone defect area and improves bone repair effect.

Objective:To explore the effect of transitional care based on physicians and nurses cooperation platform on the quality of life of postoperative patients with craniopharyngioma.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, we selected 140 postoperative patients with craniopharyngioma in Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, as research objects by convenience sampling. According to the random number table, patients were divided into experimental group ( n=70) and control group ( n=70) . Patients in control group were treated with routine nursing, and patients in experimental group were given transitional care based on the physicians and nurses cooperation platform on the basis of routine nursing. The intervention effect was evaluated with the Chinese Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Head and Neck Cancer (QLICP-HN) , the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) . Results:Finally, 63 patients in the control group and 70 patients in the experimental group completed the study.Three months after discharge, the total score of QLICP-HN of experimental group was higher than that of control group with a statistical difference ( P<0.05) . One and three months after discharge, scores of SAS and SDS of experimental group were lower than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:Transitional care based on physicians and nurses cooperation platform can improve the quality of life, anxiety and depression of postoperative patients with craniopharyngioma.

Objective? To investigate the illness uncertainty and coping style among parents of brain tumor children and to explore the correlations between them. Methods? From November 2018 to April 2019, we selected 208 parents of brain tumor children in Children's Ward at Beijing Tiantan Hospital by convenience sampling with the method of survey by questionnaire. The Parents' Perception Uncertainty in Illness Scale (PPUS) and the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) were used to investigate the illness uncertainty and coping style of parents of brain tumor children. Results? Among those parents of brain tumor children, the score of illness uncertainty was (84.57±16.16) in a middle level. The score of coping style was (3.71±0.45). The illness uncertainty of children's parents had a negative correlation with the coping style with a statistical difference (r=-0.289, P＜0.001). Conclusions? Increasing information support in diagnosis and treatment, prognosis and care of diseases,and promoting effective and positive coping style can decrease the illness uncertainty parents of brain tumor children.