Objective To explore the diagnostic value of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases up to August 7, 2024. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias and applicability of included prediction model studies were assessed by the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). Results A total of 10 studies were included, among which 5 studies only identified specific exhaled VOCs in CF patients, and another 5 developed 7 CF risk prediction models based on the identification of VOCs in CF. The included studies reported a total of 75 exhaled VOCs, most of which belonged to the categories of acylcarnitines, aldehydes, acids, and esters. Most models (n=6, 85.7%) only included exhaled VOCs as predictive factors, and only one model included factors other than VOCs, including forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (FEF75) and modified Medical Research Council scale for the assessment of dyspnea (mMRC). The accuracy of the models ranged from 77% to 100%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.771 to 0.988. None of the included studies provided information on the calibration of the models. The results of the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) showed that the overall bias risk of all predictive model studies was high, and the overall applicability was unclear. Conclusion The exhaled VOCs reported in the included studies showed significant heterogeneity, and more research is needed to explore specific compounds for CF. In addition, risk prediction models based on exhaled VOCs have certain value in the diagnosis of CF, but the overall bias risk is relatively high and needs further optimization from aspects such as model construction and validation.

Objective: To explore the association between vitamin D levels and sleep in children and adolescents，so as to provide a reference for promoting the sleep health of children and adolescents. Methods: From October to December, 2021, 4 827 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 in Shenzhen were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method, and their demographic information, family background, lifestyle and sleep status were obtained by facetoface questionnaire survey, and their fasting venous blood in the morning was collected to detect the serum 25(OH)D level. The relationship between serum vitamin D level and sleep characteristics was analyzed by binary Logistic regression, and stratified analysis was carried out according to gender. Results: The proportion of vitamin D deficiency was 41.1%, and the proportion of sleep deficiency was 19.4%. With the increase of vitamin D level, daily sleep duration of children and adolescents tended to increase (r=0.10,P<0.01). After adjusting for covariates such as gender and age, it was found that children and adolescents with insufficient vitamin D levels were more likely to experience sleep insufficiency, social jetlag, and late sleep on weekdays, with ORs being 1.32(95%CI=1.12-1.56), 1.35(95%CI=1.19-1.54), and 1.26(95%CI=1.05-1.52)(P<0.05). Sexstratified analysis showed that, among boys, vitamin D deficiency was associated with sleep deficiency, social jetlag, and late bedtime on weekdays and weekends[OR(95%CI)=1.42(1.14-1.77),1.25(1.04-1.49),1.39(1.06-1.82),1.86(1.19-2.92),P<0.05]. In girls, however, serum vitamin D levels were only associated with social jetlag with OR being 1.47 (95%CI=1.21-1.79, P<0.05). Conclusion Vitamin D levels are associated with various sleep characteristics in children and adolescents, with this association being more pronounced among boys.

AIM: To analyze the current status and influencing factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children from Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, and to provide reference and basis for myopia prevention and control in this district.METHODS: A stratified cluster random sampling strategy was used to select 2 854 preschool children(5 708 eyes)from 29 child-care centers in Changzhi City between January and May 2024. Hyperopia reserve was assessed through measurements and questionnaire surveys. Totally 2 820 cases(5 640 eyes)were finally included, with 34 cases excluded(32 cases of uncooperativeness and 2 cases of distractibility). The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were performed to analyze the associated influencing factors of insufficient hyperopia reserve.RESULTS: A total of 580 preschool children with insufficient hyperopia reserve were detected, with an incidence of 20.57%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that male(OR=1.723, 95% CI: 1.419-2.093), maternal myopia(OR=2.210, 95% CI: 1.681-2.906), paternal myopia(OR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.059-1.921), myopia in both parents(OR=2.761, 95% CI: 2.110-3.612), preterm infants(OR=1.740, 95% CI: 1.294-2.342), the mean daily sleep duration <10 h(OR=1.272, 95% CI: 1.024-1.579), and the mean daily outdoor activity time <2 h(OR=1.222, 95% CI: 1.005-1.485)were risk factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve(all P<0.05). Conversely, using blackout curtains during the day and turning off lights at night(OR=0.598, 95% CI: 0.405-0.883)were identified to be protective factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Sex, genetics, gestational age, sleep duration and environmental conditions, and outdoor activity time are potentially associated with insufficient hyperopia reserve in preschool children. Caregivers should prioritize the management of these risk factors to prevent the occurrence of myopia.

Objective Integrating ideological and political education into university curricula is an effective approach for nurturing moral integrity and holistic education. This study aims to explore the effective incorporation of the “two bombs, one satellite” spirit into the ideological and political education of the Nuclear Electronics course, find an effective way to enhance student professional literacy and ideological and political awareness, and achieve collaborative educational objectives. Methods Using the Nuclear Electronics course as a case study and aligning with the educational positioning of the university and the major, objectives were established for knowledge acquisition, skill development, and ideological and political education. A case repository of ideological and political education tailored to the course was constructed by integrating ideological and political elements such as the “two bombs, one satellite” to reinforce foundational knowledge and expand into cutting-edge topics. An instructional paradigm that combines theory with practical application and integrates online and offline resources was adopted. To stimulate student engagement of learning, improve the quality of learning, and strengthen ideological and moral education, a comprehensive assessment framework was devised. Results The effectiveness of ideological and political education was evaluated by comparing the course performance between the experimental group (with curriculum ideology and politics reform) and the control group (without curriculum ideology and politics reform). The experimental group showed 20.5% and 31.3% improvements in short-answer questions and calculation problems, respectively. A comparison of survey questionnaire scores and final grades revealed a strong correlation between student awareness of curriculum ideology and politics and their academic performance. The study demonstrated that this approach increased student interest in learning, enhanced their recognition and pride in major national scientific achievements, and achieved an organic integration of knowledge impartation and value guidance. Conclusion This study confirms the effectiveness of integrating the “two bombs, one satellite” spirit into the ideological and political education of the Nuclear Electronics course. This approach provides new ideas and methods for ideological and political education in universities, achieves the goal of collaborative education, and is of great significance in improving the quality of talent cultivation in higher education.

OBJECTIVES: Accurate identification of risk factors for precocious puberty is essential for clinical diagnosis and management, yet the performance of natural language processing methods applied to unstructured electronic medical record (EMR) data remains to be fully evaluated. This study aims to assess the performance of a prompt engineering method for extracting individual risk factors of precocious puberty from EMRs. METHODS: Based on the capacity and role-insight-statement-personality-experiment (CRISPE) prompt framework, both simple and optimized prompts were designed to guide the large language model GLM-4-9B in extracting 10 types of risk factors for precocious puberty from 653 EMRs. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used as evaluation metrics for the information extraction task. RESULTS: Under simple and optimized prompt conditions, the overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of the model were 84.18%, 98.09%, 81.99%, and 89.32% versus 97.15%, 98.31%, 98.16%, and 98.23%, respectively. The optimized prompts achieved more stable performance across age (<9 years vs ≥9 years) and visit-time (<2023 vs ≥2023) subgroups compared with simple prompts. The accuracy range for extracting each risk factor was 60.03%-97.24%, while with optimized prompts, the range improved to 92.19%-99.85%. The largest performance improvement occurred for "beverage intake" (60.03% vs 92.19%), and the smallest for "maternal age of menarche" (97.24% vs 99.23%). In comparing distributions among simple prompts, optimized prompts, and ground truth, statistically significant differences were observed for snack intake, beverage intake, soy milk intake, honey intake, supplement use, tonic use, sleep quality, and sleeping with the light on (all P<0.001), while exercise (P=0.966) and maternal menarche age (P=0.952) showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Compared with simple prompts, optimized prompts substantially improved the extraction performance of individual risk factors for precocious puberty from EMRs, underscoring the critical role of prompt engineering in enhancing large language model performance.
Humans ; Puberty, Precocious/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Child ; Natural Language Processing

Objective:To explore the correlation between ferroptosis-related proteins SLC7A11, GPX4, ACSL4 and the radiosensitivity and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. And to investigate the potential of these proteins as molecular markers for predicting the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （nasopharyngeal carcinoma group） and 20 cases of chronic nasopharyngiti s（control group）. The relevant clinical data were reviewed, and paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected for study. The expressions of SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4 in pathological specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The expression differences of ferroptosis-related proteins between the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group and the control group were analyzed. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma group was further divided based on the protein expression levels into high and low expression subgroups for SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4. Subsequently, a differential analysis of clinical data and survival analysis was conducted for each of these subgroups. Finally, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results:①The differential analysis revealed that, compared to the control group, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma group exhibited significantly higher expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, and lower expression of ACSL4 （P<0.05）. ②Notably, the proportion of patients displaying radioresistance was higher in the SLC7A11 and GPX4 high expression groups compared to their respective low expression groups （P<0.05）. However, the proportion of radioresistance in the ACSL4 high expression group was lower than that in the ACSL4 low expression group （P<0.05）. Survival analysis indicated that the 5-year overall survival rate was lower in the SLC7A11 and GPX4 high expression groups compared to their respective low expression groups（P<0.05）. However, the 5-year overall survival rate of the ACSL4 high expression group was higher than that of the ACSL4 low expression group（P<0.05）. ③logistic regression analysis showed that SLC7A11 and GPX4 was an independent risk factor for radioresistance in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues over-express SLC7A11, GPX4, and under-express ACSL4. Over-expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 are independent risk factors for radioresistance in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The inhibition of ferroptosis may be related to the occurrence, progression and radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Detection of the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, and ACSL4 has guiding significance for the evaluation of radiosensitivity and prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma/radiotherapy* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism* ; Radiation Tolerance ; Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase ; Amino Acid Transport System y+/metabolism* ; Prognosis ; Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-CoA Ligase ; Retrospective Studies ; Ferroptosis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged

As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y₁₂, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [¹⁸F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y₁₂ (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [¹⁸F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y₁₂ antagonist. Furthermore, [¹⁸F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y₁₂ in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [¹⁸F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [¹⁸F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y₁₂ overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.

OBJECTIVE To establish a research indicator evaluation system suitable for pharmaceutical personnel in children’s hospitals， and provide technical support and reference basis for the evaluation of scientific research capabilities of pharmacy personnel. METHODS The literature/text research methods were adopted to search related literature， policies， regulations and research reports of scientific research management； brainstorming method was used to sort out the key elements and decompose the indicators at all levels step by step. On this basis， using the method of expert interview， the key elements were clarified， the three- level index evaluation system was preliminarily drawn up， and the letter inquiry paper was made accordingly. Finally， Delphi method was used to establish the evaluation system of scientific research indicators for pharmacists through three screening criteria [importance assignment＞3.5， coefficient of variation＜25%， and unimportant percentage （including unimportant and very unimportant）＜50%]. RESULTS Overall 36 questionnaires were distributed by two rounds of expert letters， and 36 questionnaires were recovered， with a recovery rate and an effective rate of 100% for both rounds. The average expert judgment coefficient was 0.912， the average expert familiarity level was 0.747， and the average expert authority coefficient was 0.830. After the second round of letters and inquiries， the values of Kendall’s W of the first-level， the second-level and the third-level indicators were 0.269， 0.379 and 0.460， which were significantly higher than the results of the first round of inquiry （P＜0.01）. Finally， the evaluation system of scientific research indicators for pharmacists was determined with 4 first-level indicators， 18 second-level indicators and 62 third-level indicators. CONCLUSIONS The pharmaceutical experts from the children’s hospital selected in this study have high authority and wide professional coverage； the evaluation system of scientific research indicators for pharmacists has certain standards and norms， which can provide a powerful reference for the professional level assessment and scientific research ability evaluation of pharmacists.

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)in the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).Methods This study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines,with the PROSPERO registration number of CRD42024517851.PubMed,Embase,Wanfang Data,VIP,CNKI,CBM,and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCT)and cohort studies on MSC in the treatment of ACLF published up to November 1,2023,and the articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.After data extraction and quality assessment,RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the Meta-analysis.Results A total of 11 articles involving 803 subjects were included in this meta-analysis.The results showed that for the patients with ACLF,MSC could improve 8-week survival rate(odds ratio[OR]=2.71,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.58-4.67,P=0.000 3),12-week survival rate(OR=2.24,95%CI:1.36-3.69,P=0.001),24-week survival rate(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.37-3.17,P=0.000 6),and 48-week survival rate(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.29-3.40,P=0.003)and reduce 12-week Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD)score(mean difference[MD]=-3.27,95%CI:-6.07 to-0.48,P=0.02)and 24-week MELD score(MD=-2.24,95%CI:-3.16 to-1.33,P<0.000 01);it could also reduce the level of total bilirubin after 4 weeks of treatment(MD=-36.86,95%CI:-48.72 to-25.01,P<0.000 01)and increase 4-week albumin level(MD=2.11,95%CI:0.62-3.61,P=0.006)and 24-week albumin level(MD=3.54,95%CI:2.06-5.02,P<0.000 01).Adverse events were evaluated in 6 studies,with no serious adverse events.Conclusion MSC have a good safety in treatment and can improve the survival rate of patients and enhance liver function to some extent,and therefore,it holds promise for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the correlations of the expression levels of plasma long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (LncRNA PVT1) and microRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) with disease activity and prognosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 129 RA patients admitted to our hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 were selected as disease group. According to the 28-joint disease activity scores (DAS28), the patients were divided into stable disease group (n=28), mildly active group (n=42), moderately active group (n=35), and severely active group (n=24). According to the prognosis of the patients after 6 months of treatment, they were divided into good prognosis group (n=88) and poor prognosis group (n=41), and 110 healthy people who underwent physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were included as control group. The expression levels of plasma LncRNA PVT1 and miR-143-3p were detected using quantitative real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The targeting relationship between LncRNA PVT1 and miR-143-3p was predicted using the Target Scan Human website. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors influencing the prognosis of RA patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the predictive value of plasma LncRNA PVT1 and miR-143-3p for the prognosis of RA patients. Results The plasma LncRNA PVT1 level in the disease group was higher than that in the control group, while the plasma miR-143-3p level was lower (P < 0.05). The plasma LncRNA PVT1 levels decreased sequentially in the severe activity, moderate activity, mild activity, and disease stable groups, while the plasma miR-143-3p levels increased sequentially (P < 0.05).The proportion of patients positive for human leukocyte antigen-DR4 (HLA-DR4), DAS28, and plasma LncRNA PVT1 expression level were higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group, while the plasma miR-143-3p level was lower (P < 0.05). Plasma LncRNA PVT1, miR-143-3p expression, HLA-DR4 positivity, and DAS28 were factors influencing the prognosis of RA patients (P < 0.05). LncRNA PVT1 and miR-143-3p had targeted binding sites, and there was a negative correlation between them (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the combined prediction of plasma LncRNA PVT1 and miR-143-3p for prognosis of RA patients was 0.914, which was superior to the individual diagnosis of LncRNA PVT1 or miR-143-3p (Z=2.159, P=0.031; Z=2.108, P=0.035). The sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were 95.12% and 78.41%, respectively. Conclusion The plasma LncRNA PVT1 level gradually increases, while the plasma miR-143-3p level gradually decreases with increasing RA disease activity. The combined detection of the two biomarkers has high predictive value for the prognosis of RA patients.