Objective To propose a deep learning neural network approach for transforming megavoltage computed tomography(MVCT)images of cervical cancer into pseudo kilovoltage computed tomography(kVCT)images with high signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio,thus providing three-dimensional anatomical images and localization information required for adaptive radiotherapy of cervical cancer,and guiding the accelerator to achieve precise treatment.Methods The MVCT and kVCT images of 54 patients treated with cervical cancer radiotherapy were collected,with 44 cases randomly selected as the training set,and the remaining 10 cases as the test set.A cyclic generative adversarial network with gating mechanism and multi-channel data input was used to synthesize pseudo-kVCT images from MVCT images.The network training results were evaluated with imaging quality evaluation parameters,such as mean absolute error(MAE),peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and structural similarity index(SSIM).Results The MAE,PSNR,and SSIM of MVCT imagesvspseudo-kVCT(5:5)images were(24.9±0.7)HUvs(17.8±0.3)HU,(29.8±0.2)dBvs(30.7±0.2)dB,and 0.841±0.007 vs 0.898±0.003,respectively.Conclusion The generated pseudo-kVCT images have advantages in noise reduction and contrast enhancement,and can reduce the need for additional MV-kVCT electron density calibration in dose calculations.The dose calculation ability of pseudo-kVCT is comparable to that of MVCT,providing a possibility for the application of pseudo-kVCT images in image-guided adaptive radiotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the effect of mechano-growth factor（MGF）on osteoclast activity and its mechanism.Methods:The RAW264.7 precursor osteoclast cell line was cultured with 25 ng/ml macrophage-colony stimulating factor（M-CSF）and 30 ng/ml receptor activator of NF-κB ligand（RANKL），and identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase（TRAP）staining after 7 days of culture. Western blot anslysis was used to determine the effect of 45 ng/ml MGF on the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/AKT）signaling pathway in separated osteoclasts，including levels of AKT，phosphorylation（p）-AKT，lactation mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR），p-mTOR and TRAP at 0，4，8 and 12 hours. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to expressions of TRAP in osteoclasts at 0，4，8 and 12 hours. The PI3K/Akt phosphorylation inhibitor LY294002（20 μmol/L）combined with MGF（45 ng/ml）was used to act on osteoclasts，and expression levels of Akt，p-Akt，mTOR，p-mTOR and TRAP were detected by Western blot at 0，4，8 and 12 hours.Results:After culturing RAW264.7 cells with M-CSF and RANKL for 7 days，a large number of osteoclasts with positive TRAP staining can be obtained. Western blot analysis showed expression levels of Akt and mTOR did not change significantly over time（ P>0.05），expression levels of p-Akt and p-mTOR increased continuously from（2.18±0.34）pg/ml and（0.83±0.10）pg/ml at 0 hour to（3.86±0.36）pg/ml and（1.56±0.19）pg/ml at 12 hours（ P<0.05），and expression level of TRAP decreased significantly over time，from（5.66±0.47）pg/ml at 0 hour to（3.76±0.38）pg/ml at 12 hours（ P<0.05）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis of expression of TRAP in osteoclasts showed that MGF inhibited the expression of TRAP in osteoclasts，which decreased from 1.02±0.06 at 0 hour to 0.53±0.11 at 12 hours（ P<0.05）. After acting LY294002 combined with MGF on osteoclasts，Western blot analysis showed expression levels of Akt and mTOR did not change significantly over time（ P>0.05），expression levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR decreased significantly from（3.28±0.18）pg/ml and（3.29±0.22）pg/ml at 0 hour to（2.06±0.34）pg/ml and（2.04±0.20）pg/ml at 12 hours（ P<0.05），and expression level of TRAP had no significant difference over time（ P>0.05）. Conclusions:MGF inhibits osteoclast activity by inhibiting the expression of TRAP in osteoclasts through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. LY294002 inhibits the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in osteoclasts，further verifying the mechanism of MGF inhibiting osteoclast activity，and this finding puts forward new ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Objective:To summarize the age, gender difference, cause, location, time, treatment and prognosis of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm, and analyze the influence of different treatment methods on the occurrence of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm.Methods:Using the method of systematic literature review, a total of 76 literatures were retrieved from multiple databases at home and abroad, and 45 literatures were screened out through the second screening of title, abstract and full text. The patients with intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm were selected as the research objects, and the duplicate cases were deleted; the age, gender, onset age, etiology, location, treatment and prognosis of the disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 54 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fracture related pseudoaneurysms were selected from 45 literatures, including 25 males and 27 females, and 2 cases had no gender; aged from 43 to 94 years old, and 4 cases were younger than 60 years old, 6 between 61 and 70, 17 between 71 and 80, and 25 between 81 and 90. Forty-five cases occurred in deep femoral artery, 3 cases in superficial femoral artery, 1 case in superior gluteal artery, 1 case of medial circumflex artery, 1 case of lateral circumflex femoral artery, 1 case of femoral artery, and 2 cases of unknown location. The occurrence time of pseudoaneurysm: 17 cases within 1 week after fracture, 8 cases from 1 week to 3 weeks, 19 cases from 3 weeks to 3 months, 2 cases more than 3 months, and 8 cases unknown. The causes of pseudoaneurysm: among the 54 patients, 41 cases had definite causes, including 21 cases of vascular injury caused by fracture block; 20 cases of iatrogenic injury, of which the incidence of direct injury of blood vessels by screw or drill was the highest, accounting for 55% (11/20). Twenty-two cases were treated with vascular embolization, 10 cases with surgical sutures, 8 cases with surgical ligation, 4 cases with resection of pseudoaneurysm, 5 cases with covered stent, and 4 cases with thrombin injection. There were 42 cases who had follow-up data, and no recurrence and other complications were found during the follow-up period.Conclusion:The peak age of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm was 71-90 years old. The incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fracture complicated with pseudoaneurysm was more often within 1 week after fracture and 3 weeks to 3 months after fracture, due to fracture fragments and iatrogenic vascular injury caused by the location of the profundus femoris artery. Treatment options include vascular embolization, surgical ligation, suture or resection of pseudoaneurysm, covered stent and thrombin injection, and the prognosis is generally good.

Objective:By comparing the diagnotic results and complications of pneumoconiosis patients with work-related injury insurance and non-work-related injury insurance, to provide reference for improving the medical insurance of pneumoconiosis patients.Methods:In May 2019, the diagnotic results and complications of 3204 patients with pneumoconiosis who were hospitalized in the second department of Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases from January 2017 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 3204 patients, 896 cases (28.0%) were in stage I, 790 cases (24.6%) were in stage II, and 1518 cases (47.4%) were in stage III. 1490 cases (46.5%) of pneumoconiosis patients have complications, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (42.3%, 1354/3204) and lung infection (23.6%, 755/3204) . 584 cases (18.2%) were covered by work-related injury insurance, and the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis patients was mainly in the stage I (61.0%, 356/584) . 2620 cases (81.8%) were covered by non-work-related injury insurance, and the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis patients was mainly in the stage III (56.0%, 1466/2620) . The complication rate of non-work-related injury insurance patients (50.1%, 1312/2620) was higher than that of work-related injury insurance patients (30.5%, 178/584) (χ 2=73.72, P<0.01) . Conclusion:The inpatients with pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province are still mainly covered by non-work-related injury insurance, and the diagnotic period and complication rate are significantly higher than those of work-related injury insurance patients. Therefore, pneumoconiosis patients should be provided with medical security, early diagnosis and early intervention, to prevent and delay the occurrence of complications.

Objective:By comparing the diagnotic results and complications of pneumoconiosis patients with work-related injury insurance and non-work-related injury insurance, to provide reference for improving the medical insurance of pneumoconiosis patients.Methods:In May 2019, the diagnotic results and complications of 3204 patients with pneumoconiosis who were hospitalized in the second department of Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases from January 2017 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 3204 patients, 896 cases (28.0%) were in stage I, 790 cases (24.6%) were in stage II, and 1518 cases (47.4%) were in stage III. 1490 cases (46.5%) of pneumoconiosis patients have complications, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (42.3%, 1354/3204) and lung infection (23.6%, 755/3204) . 584 cases (18.2%) were covered by work-related injury insurance, and the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis patients was mainly in the stage I (61.0%, 356/584) . 2620 cases (81.8%) were covered by non-work-related injury insurance, and the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis patients was mainly in the stage III (56.0%, 1466/2620) . The complication rate of non-work-related injury insurance patients (50.1%, 1312/2620) was higher than that of work-related injury insurance patients (30.5%, 178/584) (χ 2=73.72, P<0.01) . Conclusion:The inpatients with pneumoconiosis in Hunan Province are still mainly covered by non-work-related injury insurance, and the diagnotic period and complication rate are significantly higher than those of work-related injury insurance patients. Therefore, pneumoconiosis patients should be provided with medical security, early diagnosis and early intervention, to prevent and delay the occurrence of complications.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment of complex acetabular fractures involving the posterior column by anterograde lag screws via the ilioinguinal approach. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of the 8 patients with complex acetabular fracture involving the posterior column who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2017 to June 2018. They were 5 males and 3 females, aged from 35 to 62 years (average, 43.5 years). According to the Letournel-Judet classification, 3 cases were T-shaped fractures, 4 anterior column plus posterior hemitransverse fractures and one both column fracture. The interval from injury to operation averaged 8 days (from 7 to 17 days). The anterior acetabulum was fixated by a reconstruction plate and the posterior column by antegrade lag screws, all through the ilioinguinal approach. The quality of fracture reduction, fracture union time, function of the affected hip and complications were recorded. Results: By the Matta imaging criteria, the quality of fracture reduction was rated as excellent in 7 cases and as fine in one. Intraoperative major hemorrhage or injury to sciatic nerve occurred in none of the patients. This cohort obtained an average follow-up of 8 months (from 6 to 18 months). All fractures united well after an average of 10 weeks (from 8 to 12 weeks). The function of affected hip evaluated by the improved Merle d’Aubigne & Postel criteria at the last follow-up was excellent in 7 cases and fine in one. Follow-ups revealed no incidence of deep vein thrombosis or heterotopic ossification. Conclusions For patients with complex acetabular fracture involving the posterior column, internal fixation of the anterior acetabulum with a reconstruction plate through the ilioinguinal approach and fixation of the posterior column with antegrade lag screws also through the ilioinguinal approach can result in fine therapeutic effects, because complications like ectopic ossification and sciatic nerve injury related to the Kocher-Langenbeck approach can be prevented. This treatment is particularly suitable for the patients whose condition of the soft tissues at the posterior pelvis is poor.

Higher service efficiency and better medical experience are main goals of the healthcare system reform.The article explained the logical framework, main actions, initial results of the " one visit for all" reform, which aims at promoting the efficiency of medical services and management in Hangzhou.Policy suggestions are raised, namely involving more people into the governance mechanism, collaboratively optimizing the working process of medical staff, improving the information security mechanism, and perfecting the effectiveness evaluation system.These measures are designed to accelerate the construction of modern hospital management system, and to build a scientific and orderly hierarchical medical system.

Objective: To establish the mouse aorta dissection (AD) model through drinking water containing β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN). Methods: Forty 3-week-old C57B1/6J male mice were divided into four groups according to randomized block design: control, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN groups (dissolving respective dose of BAPN in the drinking water, n=10 each group). Arterial systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured weekly in conscious, restrained mice using a noninvasive computerized tail-cuff system. Mice those died of rupture of aortic dissecting aneurysm during the study were autopsied and the aorta was examined. After 4 weeks, survived mice were sacrificed by an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and the whole aorta was harvested and analyzed. Results: The incidence of AD and the mortality of ruptured AD was 0 and 0 in control group, 30% (3/10) and 20% (2/10) in 0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, 50% (5/10) and 40% (4/10) in 0.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, 90% (9/10) and 70% (7/10) in 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group (both P<0.05 vs. control group). The incidence of AD and the mortality of ruptured AD increased in proportion to BAPN concentration increase. In 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, 7 mice died of dissecting aneurysm rupture during the experiment, among which 5 dissecting aneurysms were mainly located in the thoracic aorta and 2 dissecting aneurysms in abdominal aorta. The diameters of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta were (1.38±0.19) and (1.23±0.13) mm in control group, (2.43±1.56) and (1.30±0.26) mm in 0.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, (2.45±1.28) and (1.30±0.31) mm in 0.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group, (2.87±0.57) and (1.95±0.81) mm in 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group (both P<0.05 vs. control group). The diameters of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta in mice also increased in proportion with BAPN concentration increase. Furthermore, blood-filled false lumen formation and elastic fibers fragmentation were evidenced in hematoxylin-eosin stained and Vitoria blue-Sirius red stained aortic cross-sections of mice in the 0.8 g·kg^-1·d^-1 BAPN group. Conclusion BAPN treatment induced aortic dissection model in C57Bl/6J mice can serve as a useful wild-type mouse model for the mechanism and pharmaceutical studies of AD.

Objective To evaluate application of Steinmenn pins to assist reduction in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA).Methods From February 2010 to June 2013,38 unstable intertrochanteric fractures were treated by us.There were 23 men and 15 women,aged from 32 to 69 years.By Evans-Jensen classification,18 cases were type Ⅲ,13 type Ⅳ and 7 type Ⅴ.They were divided into 2 groups (n =19).Group A received reduction on a traction bed assisted by Steinmenn pins plus PFNA fixation while group B received reduction only on a traction bed plus PFNA fixation.The 2 groups were compared in terms of fracture reduction,operation time,intro-operative blood loss,fracture healing time,and Harris scores one year postoperation.Results According to the evaluation system modified by Baumgaetner et al.,the postoperative quality of fracture reduction was fine in 15 cases and fair in 4 in group A while it was fine in 9 cases,fair in 8 and poor in 2 in group B,showing a significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The operation time in group A (50.7 ± 11.9 min) was significantly shorter than in group B (63.4 ± 15.1 min),and the hip joint Harris score (89.4 ±4.4) one year after operation for group A was significantly higher than that for group B (79.6 ±6.4) (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding intraoperative blood loss,fracture heeling time and follow-up time (P ＞ 0.05).No cases of refracture,delayed union,nonunion,or avascular necrosis of the femoral head were reported.Conclusion In the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures,compared with reduction only on a traction bed plus PFNA fixation,application of Steinmenn pins to assist reduction on a traction bed plus PFNA fixation may lead to better curative efficacy due to its limited invasion,simplicity and beneficial assistance in reduction.

Objective To establish a mouse model of aorta dissection (AD) by β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in drinking water + subcutaneously pumped angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion.Methods Forty 3-week-old C57B1/6J male mice were randomly divided into two groups.All animals received 0.1 g/kg/d BAPN in drinking water for 4 weeks.Then the BAPN drinking + saline infusion group and BAPN drinking + Ang II infusion group received continuous saline or Ang II (1,000 ng/kg/min) infusion, respectively, via subcutaneous osmotic minipump for 72 hour.The mice were restricted in a noninvasive computerized tail-cuff system and their arterial systolic blood pressure and heart rate were monitored.Autopsy was performed if a mouse died during the experiment.At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed by injection with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and the aortas were harvested.The formation of aortic false lumen was observed by pathology using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The overall incidence of AD in the BAPN drinking administration +Ang II infusion group was 95%, whereas the incidence of AD in the BAPN drinking administration +saline infusion group was only 5%.The mortality from dissecting aneurysm rupture was 24% in the BAPN drinking administration +Ang II infusion group during the experiment.Pathological examination of the aortic cross-sections clearly showed the formation of blood-filled false lumens induced by Ang II.Conclusions A mouse model with high incidence of aortic dissection is successfully established.