Objective: To evaluate the immunity and influencing factors of diphtheria among preschool children in Shenzhen,to provide reference for effective monitoring of diphtheria IgG antibody level in preschool children. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 296 preschool children aged 4-6 who were recruited in Shenzhen. The diphtheria antibody titer in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of different immumuzation schedule including types of vaccine and vaccination timing, on the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of diphtheria IgG antibody and antibody positive rate were analyzed. Results: The GMC of diphtheria IgG antibody was 0.71 IU/mL, and the positive conversion rate was 33.1%. There were significant differences in antibody GMC and antibody positive conversion rate of diphtheria in different age groups( F/χ 2=11.77, 27.45, P < 0.01 ). The GMC and antibody positive conversion rate showed significant differences by diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types and end dose vaccination intervals( F=49.53, 12.95，11.61, P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibodies in children with different types of diphtheria antibodies, vaccine types of diphtheria antibodies, and diphtheria antibodies at the time interval of final vaccination (Fisher exact probability method, P <0.01). Conclusion The overall positive conversion rate of diphtheria antibody in preschool children in Shenzhen is high. Timely completion of full diphtheria vaccination can improve the antibody level and plays a better role in protecting preschool children.

Objective:To investigate the role of serum hepatitis B virus RNA (HBV RNA) in predicting HBeAg serological conversion in children with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:175 children aged 1~17 years with chronic hepatitis B who received interferon α (IFNα) for 48 weeks were selected. Patients were divided into HBeAg seroconversion and non-conversion based on whether HBeAg seroconversion occurred at 48 weeks of treatment.T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare between groups; chisquare test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the frequency between groups of classified variables; and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between indicators. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify influencing factors associated with HBeAg serological conversion. The predictive effect of HBV RNA, HBV DNA, and HBsAg on HBeAg serological conversion was compared and analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:The seroconversion rate of HBeAg at 48 weeks was 36.0% (63/175). The reduction in HBVRNA levels from baseline to the 12th, 24th, 36th, and 48th weeks of antiviral therapy was significantly greater in the HBeAg serological conversion group than that in the non-conversion group, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that age and a decline in HBV RNA levels at week 12 were independent predictors of HBeAg serological conversion. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of HBV RNA decline at week 12 was 0.677(95% CI∶0.549-0.806, P = 0.012), which was significantly better than the same period of AUROC of HBV DNA (0.657, 95% CI∶0.527-0.788, P = 0.025) and HBsAg (0.660, 95% CI∶0.526-0.795, P = 0.023) decline. HBV RNA levels decreased (>1.385 log10 copies/ml) at week 12, with a positive predictive value of 53.2%, a negative predictive value of 72.2%, a sensitivity of 77.4%, and a specificity of 57.9% for HBeAg seroconversion. Conclusion:HBV RNA level lowering during the 12th week of antiviral therapy can serve as an early predictor marker for HBeAg serological conversion in children with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective:To evaluate the value of transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)in diagnosing extramural venous invasion(EMVI) of rectal cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 81 rectal cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed in the People′s Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from January 2015 to December 2021. The extramural vascular sonographic features in these patients were summarized. Based on the postoperative pathology and compared with MRI examination, the efficacy of TRUS for the diagnosis of EMVI in rectal cancer was investigated.Results:①According to the sonographic presentation, extramural vessels of rectal cancer can be divided into the following four types: typeⅠshowed that the mass broke through the muscularis propria of the intestinal wall, and no peripheral vascular shadow was observed; typeⅡshowed that the mass broke through the muscularis propria, surrounded by extraneous vessels with normal diameter, running and blood flow; type Ⅲ showed that the mass broke through the intrinsic muscle layer of the intestinal wall and was surrounded by extramural vessels with abnormally thickened diameters, and blood flow filling defects; type Ⅳ showed a mass that broke through the intrinsic muscular layer, with irregularly dilated vessels outside the peritumoral wall and no blood flow signal in the lumen. ②With type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ as positive signs of EMVI, the diagnosis compliance rate of TRUS was 90.1% (Kappa=0.580, P<0.001), sensitivity was 58.3%, specificity was 95.7%, positive predictive value was 70.0%, negative predictive value was 93.0%, and area under the ROC curve(AUC) was 0.770. The diagnosis compliance rate of MRI was 86.4% (Kappa=0.541, P<0.001), sensitivity was 75.0%, specificity was 88.4%, positive predictive value was 52.9%, negative predictive value was 95.3%, and the AUC was 0.817. The differences in sensitivity and specificity between TRUS and MRI for the diagnosis of rectal cancer EMVI were not statistically significant ( P>0.05), and the differences in the AUC were not statistically significant ( Z=0.447, P=0.655). Conclusions:TRUS is valuable in assessing the extramural vascular status of rectal cancer and is expected to be an effective imaging method for preoperative diagnosis of EMVI.

Objective To analyze the expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in gliomas and its prognostic value. Methods The clinical, histopathological and molecular pathological features of 273 patients with gliomas were collected from CGGA. We analyzed the differences of KCNJ11 mRNA expression in different types of gliomas and the survival time of patients with high and low expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in different subtypes of gliomas. Results The expression levels of KCNJ11 mRNA in young glioma and primary glioma patients were higher than those in old glioma and recurrent glioma patients, respectively (P=0.008, 0.001). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in oligodendroglioma was the highest, astrocytoma was the second, and glioblastoma was the lowest (P=0.000). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in WHOⅡ grade glioma was the highest, WHOⅢ was the second, and WHOⅣ was the lowest (P=0.000). The expression levels of KCNJ11 mRNA in IDH-mutant type glioma patients were higher than those in IDH-wild type glioma patients (P=0.000). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in deletion of 1p/19q glioma patients was higher than that in non-deletion of 1p/19q ones (P=0.000). The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA in MGMT methylated glioma patients was higher than that in non-methylated ones (P=0.036). The survival time of patients with high expression of KCNJ11 mRNA (≥2.77) was longer than that with low expression (P=0.000). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the high expression of KCNJ11 mRNA was an independent factor affecting the good prognosis of patients with glioma. Conclusion The expression of KCNJ11 mRNA is negatively related to the malignant degree of the tumor. The high expression of KCNJ11 mRNA is an independent factor affecting the good prognosis of patients with glioma.

Objective: To evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT) multi-planner reconstruction (MPR)in the treatment of lung cancer with percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation.Method:A total of 66 patients with stage T2 or T3 non-small cell lung can-cer who had complete follow-up data were treated with percutaneous argon-helium cryoablation with conventional axial CT(conven-tional group)or MPR guidance(MPR group)between January 2013 and 2016.There were 31 patients in the conventional group and 35 in the MPR group.The total number of punctures,the total time of operation,and the incidence of complications,tumor residual rates,and local control rates were compared between the two groups.Results:When the number of needles was the same,the aver-age number of punctures and puncture errors in the two groups were significantly lower in the MPR group than in the conventional group(P<0.05).Comparing the average operation time,there was no statistical difference between the MPR group and the conven-tional scan group(P>0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the MPR group than in the conven-tional scan group.Among them,the incidence of puncture combined hemorrhage was 1.52% vs.13.64%,and pneumothorax second-ary to puncture was 3.03% vs.19.70%(P<0.05).During the follow-up period to 12 months after surgery,the therapeutic benefit indica-tors such as local residual rate and total effective rate in the MPR group were also significantly better than those in the conventional group,which were 1.52% vs.10.61 and 51.52% vs.36.36%(P<0.05),respectively.Conclusions:Using MPR technology to guide percuta-neous argon-helium cryoablation treatment for lung cancer confers a small puncture error,low incidence of complications,and signifi-cant treatment benefits.This method is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the current status of the stress and coping styles of emergency room nurses in Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals, to discuss the correlation between stress and coping styles, and to provide a basis for formulating targeted training plans. Methods Totally 178 emergency room nurses from 9 Class ⅢGrade A hospitals in Hebei Province were randomly selected as the study subject from April to May 2016 and investigated with the General Information Questionnaire, Nurse's Working Stress Source Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire. Results The total average stress score of the nurses was (1.88±0.56); and the scores for each dimension of coping styles were: (0.84±0.12) for problem-solving, (0.71±0.20) for fantasy, (0.68±0.22) for rationalization, (0.67±0.24) for avoidance, (0.67±0.14) for asking for help, and (0.60±0.29) for self-accusation. Nursing and working stress was positively correlated with the coping styles such as fantasy and rationalization (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with self-accusation (P<0.05). Conclusions Emergency room nurses' stress generally remains at a medium and high level. Therefore, nursing managers should formulate proper nursing management measures and take necessary measures to alleviate nurses' stress.

Objective To develop an arm support used for bilateral puncture during trans-radial coronary intervention (TRI) and to explore its effects. Methods The arm support used for bilateral radial artery puncture was designed and developed. Totally 100 patients who received TRI in the Cardiac Catheterization Room of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between May and June 2017 were selected and equally divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table. Patients in the observation group were served with the new arm support to reveal the points for radial artery puncture, while patients in the control group used the conventional wooden arm support. The effect of puncture was compared between the patients in the two groups. Results The time used for preparation before radial artery puncture was (1.58±0.56) min and the time need for puncturing and placing sheathing canal in the radial artery was (3.51±0.44) min in the patients in the observation group, both shorter than those of the patients in the control group (t=9.511, 8.740; P<0.05). Totally 96% of the patients felt comfortable with the new arm support, and the operation experience satisfaction in 80% of the doctors was excellent, both higher than those of the patients in the control group. Conclusions The performance of this new arm support for bilateral radial artery puncture is stable and reliable. Compared with conventional methods, the time used for preparation before radial artery puncture is shortened for nurses, and the time needed for puncturing and placing sheathing canal in the radial artery is shortened for doctors. The patients feel more comfortable when using this new arm support, and the doctors have a higher experience satisfaction. The new arm support is convenient and flexible for use, and may be used and promoted in cardiac catheterization rooms.

Patrolling monocyte (PMo) is a subset of monocytes.Its main function is patrolling vascular endothelium and removing cellular debris from the microvasculature.Studies have revealed that PMo can inhibit the growth of tumor cells,recruiting NK cells to kill tumor cells.PMo can prevent tumor cells metastasis to the lung,which plays a role of immunosurveillance.PMo may be a target for cancer immunotherapy.