Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Genetic Markers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Urothelium/pathology*

Purpose: In non-metastatic prostate cancer (nmPCa) setting, it is important to early identify the patients at risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) for immediate postoperative intervention. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for predicting disease recurrence. Materials and Methods: This real-world observational study evaluated 161 cases of nmPCa undergoing next-generation sequencing at our institution. A total of 139 ctDNA samples and 31 biopsied tumor tissue underwent genomic profiling. The study endpoint was BCR after radical prostatectomy. Relationships between the ctDNA status and the biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) were analyzed by log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression. Results: Of 161 enrolled patients, 19 (11.8%) harbored deleterious alterations in NCOR2, followed by BRCA2 (3.7%), ATR (2.5%), and CDK12 (2.5%). Of available pre-operative blood samples (n=139), ctDNA was detectable in 91 (65.5%). Until last follow-up, 56 of 68 patients (85.3%) with detectable ctDNA had achieved BCR, whereas only eight of 39 patients (20.5%) with undetectable ctDNA had achieved BCR. Patients who had undetectable ctDNA experienced significantly longer bPFS compared with those who had detectable ctDNA (not available vs. 8.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.14; p < 0.01). Pre-operative ctDNA status was a significant prognostic factor of disease recurrence. Conclusion Pre-operative ctDNA detection could identify patients at high risk of recurrence and has the potential to inform immediate postoperative interventions, but these approaches remain to be validated in prospective studies. ctDNA studies can provide insights into accurate monitoring and precise treatment rather than simply following routine clinical care.

To explore the effects of serum amyloid A (SAA) on the cognitive function and tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer''s disease (AD), two mouse models of AD were constructed: one is the APP/PS1 double transgenic mice mated with the Saa3 knockout (Saa3-/-) mice, and the other involves intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) into WT and Saa3-/- mice.The expression of Saa3 in mouse brain was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining.The body weight of STZ injection mice during modeling was measured.The motor coordination and balance, spontaneous exploratory activity, and anxiety level of these mice were assessed by Rotarod test, open field, and elevated plus maze, respectively.Spatial reference learning and memory were evaluated by Morris water maze.Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation level of tau protein in mouse brain tissue.The results showed that the expression of Saa3 was increased in the brain of AD mice.The Saa3 gene deletion had no significant effect on motor coordination, balance and spontaneous exploratory activity in these mice, yet with alleviated anxiety level of AD model mice.Saa3 deficiency improved the impairment of learning and memory function of intracerebroventricular STZ injection mice and APP/PS1 mice. Deletion of Saa3 relieved the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at specific sites in the brain of AD mice. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). These results suggest that Saa3 is associated with cognitive function and tau pathology in AD, and that the inhibition of SAA may be a new strategy for the treatment of AD.

Objective:To analyze the etiological characteristics and molecular epidemiological correlation of five cases of typhoid fever during the same period in yantai city.Methods:Six S. Typhis strains were isolated from 5 typhoid patients and epidemiological samples in Yantai city in 2018. The onset time of the cases were from May 26, 2018 to July 24, 2018, distributed in Shuidao Town of Muping District, Dengzhou Street of Penglai District, Donglai Street of Longkou District, Wenhua Street of Muping District and Fulaishan Street of zhifu District. S. Typhis strains were analyzed by conventional bacterial isolation method and XbaⅠ/BlnⅠ double-enzyme digestion pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Meanwhile, ViaB virulence gene detection and 27 common antibiotics sensitivity tests were conducted to study the etiology of S. Typhis.Results:Six strains of S. Typhi were isolated from 5 patients and the domestic egg of one patient, which were divided into 4 PFGE patterns by PFGE-XbaⅠ and PFGE-BlnⅠ and among which 3 strains had the same PFGE patterns.One multi-drug resistant strain (foreign patient), one single-drug resistant strain (patient with a history of provincial retention), and one completely sensitive strain were detected. The three strains of the same PFGE pattern exhibit the same drug-sensitive phenotype which were intermediate against aminoglycosides and quinolones and susceptibility against the other antibiotics.All of the strains carried the ViaB virulence factor except the strain from the foreign patient.Conclusion:Local S. Typhi is susceptibility or intermediate against antibiotics commonly used in clinic.Sporadic cases of typhoid fever and typhoid imported infections still need attention.

Objective:To analyze the etiological characteristics and molecular epidemiological correlation of five cases of typhoid fever during the same period in yantai city.Methods:Six S. Typhis strains were isolated from 5 typhoid patients and epidemiological samples in Yantai city in 2018. The onset time of the cases were from May 26, 2018 to July 24, 2018, distributed in Shuidao Town of Muping District, Dengzhou Street of Penglai District, Donglai Street of Longkou District, Wenhua Street of Muping District and Fulaishan Street of zhifu District. S. Typhis strains were analyzed by conventional bacterial isolation method and XbaⅠ/BlnⅠ double-enzyme digestion pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Meanwhile, ViaB virulence gene detection and 27 common antibiotics sensitivity tests were conducted to study the etiology of S. Typhis.Results:Six strains of S. Typhi were isolated from 5 patients and the domestic egg of one patient, which were divided into 4 PFGE patterns by PFGE-XbaⅠ and PFGE-BlnⅠ and among which 3 strains had the same PFGE patterns.One multi-drug resistant strain (foreign patient), one single-drug resistant strain (patient with a history of provincial retention), and one completely sensitive strain were detected. The three strains of the same PFGE pattern exhibit the same drug-sensitive phenotype which were intermediate against aminoglycosides and quinolones and susceptibility against the other antibiotics.All of the strains carried the ViaB virulence factor except the strain from the foreign patient.Conclusion:Local S. Typhi is susceptibility or intermediate against antibiotics commonly used in clinic.Sporadic cases of typhoid fever and typhoid imported infections still need attention.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among Chinese children aged 12-17 years. METHODS: A semi-quantitative 72-food item FFQ was developed for children aged 12-17 years. The reliability and validity of this FFQ were evaluated against 24-h dietary recalls (24 h DRs) to measure the consumption of foods and nutrients. We administered two FFQs and three DRs to children (N = 160) over a period of 1 month to evaluate the reliability and validity. Reliability was examined by quartile agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and validity was examined by quartile agreement, Bland-Altman plots and correlation with DRs. RESULTS: For reliability, the ICCs between the two FFQs ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 for foods and nutrients, and the quartile agreement ranged from 70.0% to 95.0% in the same or adjacent quartiles. Spearman's correlation coefficients of foods and nutrients between the second FFQ and the 24 h DRs ranged from -0.04 to 0.59. The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement across the range of intakes among nutrients. The quartile agreement ranged from 50.0% to 100.0%, with infrequent misclassification. CONCLUSION The FFQ assessment of dietary intakes demonstrated acceptable relative validity and high reproducibility for Chinese children aged 12-17 years.
Adolescent ; Child ; Diet Records ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

ZNF804A rs1344706 has been identified as one of the risk genes for schizophrenia. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Given that ZNF804A upregulates the expression of COMT, we hypothesized that ZNF804A may influence brain activity by interacting with COMT. Here, we genotyped ZNF804A rs1344706 and COMT rs4680 in 218 healthy Chinese participants. Amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) were applied to analyze the main and interaction effects of ZNF804A rs1344706 and COMT rs4680. The ALFFs of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed a significant ZNF804A rs1344706 × COMT rs4680 interaction, manifesting as a U-shaped modulation, presumably by dopamine signaling. Significant main effects were also found. These findings suggest that ZNF804A affects the resting-state functional activation by interacting with COMT, and may improve our understanding of the neurobiological effects of ZNF804A and its association with schizophrenia.

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, image findings, therapeutic method and prognosis of metanephric adenoma. Method: The clinical characteristic, image findings, operation methods and prognosis of 16 metanephric adenoma patients treated at Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from January 2004 to March 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 6 male and 10 female patients in the study. The mean age of patients was 33.7 years (ranging from 14 to 83 years). Two patients came to the hospital because of fever, while other 14 patients had no symptoms and found renal tumor by medical examination. One case was found polythemia vera and another 1 case showed mild anemia. Serum creatine of all the cases were in normal range. The tumor of 11 cases were at left side and 5 cases were at right. All patients took urinary tract ultrasound. Fifteen patients took CT examination. Among them, 14 cases were solid mass and 1 case was cystosolid.CT value was (41±4) HU. CT scan showed that the tumor was slight enhanced and CT value increased to (77±9) HU. Six patients took MRI examination. The MRI showed high or low signal of T1WI or T2WI scans.Tumor size was (4.7±3.9)cm (ranging from 1.7 to 17.5 cm). All 16 patients took operation and 11 of them took laparoscopic surgery while the other 5 cases took open surgery. Eleven cases took partial nephrectomy, 4 cases took nephrectomy and 1 case took nephroureterectomy. The surgical procedures were all successful and no complications occured during perioperative period. All cases were all confirmed metanephric adenoma by postoperative pathology and surgery cut edge were all negative. Immunohistochemical study showed that the positive rate of Vimentin, CD57, AE1/AE3, WT1, CK7 and AMACR respectively were 16/16, 15/16, 12/16, 10/16, 3/16 and 2/16. The median follow-up time of 16 cases was 44 months (ranging from 8 to 125 months) and none had recurrence or metastasis.One case died 125 months after surgery because of advanced age(83 years old). Conclusions Metanephric adenoma is difficult to be diagnosed relying on clinical characteristics and image features. Pathology can help confirm the diagnosis. Partial nephrectomy is the first choice for operation and can achieve good prognosis. But it still needs a regular follow-up.

Objective:To evaluate the changes of neurocognitive function in early stage in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Methods:In this study,73 cases of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (research group) and 75 cases of health person (control group) were selected from January 2015 to January 2016 in our hospital.The neurocognitive function was evaluated by neuro-psychological testing tool and the data between two group were compared.Results:Scores of delayed recall,total recall,3 trial,2 trial and 1 trial of research group were lower than those of control group in BVMT-R test,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In HVLT-R test,the scores of total delay,3 trial and 2 trial of research group were significantly lower than those of control group (P＜0.05).The consuming time of dominant hands and subdominant hands in pegboard tasks were significantly higher in research group than in control group (P＜0.05).Conpletion time of connection test A,color connection 1 and 2 in connection test of research group were significantly higher than those of control group (P＜0.05).Attempt number and correct number in research group in PASAT test were significantly lower than in control group (P＜0.05).Number of search errors in research group was higher than in control group,while number of search correct,search total score and digital sign score were significantly lower than in control group (P＜0.05).Total number of words,color and color / word count in research group were lower than in control group in Stroop color word test,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).WMS-Ⅲ test results between two group had no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion:The neurocognitive function in early stage in patients with first-episode schizophrenia has been extensively damaged.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors and prognosis of high risk bladder recurrence developing after radical nephroureterectomy(RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).Methods The data of 148 UTUC patients who developed bladder tumor after RNU between January 2000 and December 2013 was retrospectively studied.There were 69 males and 79 females,aged from 34 to 82 years old (average 68 years old).83 patients were accompanied with hydronephrosis.80 patients were renal pelvic carcinoma.32 patients had the history of smoking.24 patients had the history of ureteroscope.68 patients had the tumor larger than 3 cm.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of muscle invasive and high grade bladder recurrence lesions.We compared the clinocopathologic characteristics between primary UTUC and bladder cancer recurrence by using Fisher' s exact test.Cancer specific survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method,with the log-rank test used to assess significance.A Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis.Results Of the 148 patients,non-muscle invasive (Tis、Ta and T1) tumors of primary UTUC and bladder recurrence were 51 (34.5％) and 119 (80.4％),respectively.High grade (G3) tumors of primary UTUC and bladder recurrence were 41 (27.7％) and 53(35.8％),respectively.During follow-up,94 (63.5％) experienced bladder recurrence once and 54 (36.5％) experienced multiple bladder recurrence.The median follow-up time was 59.5 (rang 8-142) months,48 (32.4％) patients died of UTUC.The grade of bladder cancer recurrence correlated with the grade (P =0.046),muscle-invasion (P =0.002) and tumor architecture (P =0.034) of the primary UTUC;muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrence associated with that of the primary UTUC (P =0.009);bladder multiple recurrence related to gender (P =0.007).On multivariate logistic regression analysis,the muscle-invasion of primary UTUC was an independent risk factor for muscle-invasive (HR =5.512,95％ CI 1.654-18.37,P =0.004) and high grade (HR =3.948,95％ CI 1.589-9.813,P =0.004) bladder recurrence tumor.The muscle invasion of primary UTUC (HR =3.498,95％ CI 1.569-7.803,P =0.002) was a prognostic factor for cancer specific survival on multivariate Cox regression analysis.Conclusions Muscle-invasive UTUC tend to predict high risk bladder recurrence tumor,and the female could be more likely to appear multiple recurrence tumor.The muscle invasion of primary UTUC could be an independent prognostic factor for cancer specific survival.