ObjectiveTo explore the impacts of material type and loading volume of rigid containers on the hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma sterilization of thoracoscopic instruments, to identify the best rigid containers and loading volume of thoracoscopic instruments. MethodsThoracoscopic instruments sterilized by STERRAD^® 100NX hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tongji University from August to September 2024 were selected as the research items. According to the material of rigid containers, the instruments were divided into polyethylene case group (A), stainless steel case group (B) and silicone resin case group (C). In terms of the loading volume, the rigid containers were divided into (loading capacity <80%) groups of 8, 10 and 12 instruments. The results of physical monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator card monitoring, and the five types of card luminal chemical process challenge device (PCD) monitoring of the 9 groups of A8, A10, A12, B8, B10, B12, C8, C10 and C12 were compared and evaluated. ResultsCompared to A8, A10 A12, C8, C10 or C12 groups, the thoracoscope instruments in the stainless steel containers in B8, B10 or B12 group had higher hydrogen peroxide concentrations and shorter elapsed time in the pressure check phases 1 and phases 2, with the differences statistically significant (P<0.05), followed by the silicone resin case group and the polyethylene case group. The nine groups of physical parameter monitoring, the first type of chemical indicator monitoring, and the five types of chemical PCD monitoring for lumen sterilization achieved 100% qualification rates, and there were no significant differences in the qualified rates of sterilization among the 9 groups (P>0.05). ConclusionWhen using hydrogen peroxide low temperature plasma to sterilize thoracoscopic instruments, it is recommended to use stainless steel or silicone resin rigid containers with a controlled loading capacity (≤12) to ensure optimal sterilization quality.

In recent years， the incidence of pulmonary nodules has kept rising. To give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of pulmonary nodules and identify the breakthrough points of integrating TCM with Western medicine， the China Association of Chinese Medicine organized medical experts in TCM and western medicine to carry out in-depth discussion regarding this disease. The discussion encompassed the modern medical advances， TCM theories of etiology and pathogenesis， the role and advantages of TCM in the whole course management of pulmonary nodules， contents and methods of research on pulmonary nodules， and science popularization work， aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice and scientific research. After discussion， the experts concluded that the occurrence of pulmonary nodules was rooted in the deficiency of the lung and spleen and triggered by phlegm dampness， blood stasis， and Qi stagnation. TCM can treat pulmonary nodules by controlling and reducing nodules， improving physical constitution， ameliorating multi-system nodular diseases， reducing anxiety and avoiding excessive diagnosis and treatment， and serving as an alternative for patients who are unwilling or unfit for surgical treatment. At present， the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for pulmonary nodules has not been formed， which needs to be further studied from multiple perspectives such as clinical epidemiology， biology， and evidence-based medicine. The primary task of current research is to find out the advantages， effective prescriptions， and target populations and determine the effective outcomes of TCM in the treatment of pulmonary nodules. At the same time， basic research should be carried out to explore the etiology and biological behaviors of pulmonary nodules. The expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules with integrated TCM and Western medicine needs to be continuously revised to guide clinicians to conduct standardized， scientific， and accurate effective diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the central foveal thickness(CFT),ellipsoid zone(EZ)interruption ratio and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes(iERM).Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted.The cluster sampling method was used to select 336 iERM patients(500 eyes)who underwent physical examinations in 9 community hospitals of the Kailuan Group from 2014 to 2018.Among them,215 were male(64.0％)and 121 were female(36.0％),with an average age of 31-89(66.4±8.8)years.According to the gass classification,these patients were divided into three groups:gass 0 group(201 patients,305 eyes),gass 1 group(75 patients,101 eyes),and gass 2 group(60 patients,94 eyes).Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between BCVA(converted to logMAR visual acuity)and gass classification,EZ interruption ratio,CFT.Results The average BCVA(logMAR)and CFT of 500 eyes were 0.45±0.28 and(337.6±101.8)μm,re-spectively,with EZ interruption in 86 eyes(17.2％).There were statistically significant differences in BCVA(logMAR)(0.62±0.29,0.48±0.23,0.26±0.32),CFT[(283.20±79.30)μm,(335.50±84.50)μm,(394.00±135.60)μm],and EZ interruption ratio(2.6％,20.8％,60.6％)among gass 0,gass 1 and gass 2 groups(all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between age and BCVA among different groups(r2=0.021,P=0.314);BCVA was positively correlated with CFT(r2=0.531,P=0.000),EZ interruption ratio(r2=0.304,P=0.000),and gass classification(r2=0.587,P=0.000).Conclusion The EZ interruption may occur in the early stage of iERM.BCVA is correlated with CFT,EZ interruption ratio and gass classification;the incidence of EZ interruption in gass 2 iERM signifi-cantly increases.

Objective To compare the influence between self-monitoring of blood gluocose(SMBG)combined with digital diabetes management and traditional management mode on the related clinical indexes in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 100 patients with T2DM treated in the endocrinology and metabolism outpatient department of this hospital from January 2022 to June 2022 and meeting the inclusion criteria of this study were successively included.They were divided into the experimental group and control group.The experimental group was managed by SMBG combined with digital diabetes man-agement mode,while the control group adopted the traditional management mode,the outpatient clinic follow up once a month.After 6 months of follow-up,fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)were compared between the two groups.Results The FBG,HbA1c,LDL-C,and UACR of the experimental group decreased after intervention when compared with baseline.Compared with the control group,the FBG[8.7(7.7,9.2)mmol/L vs.10.8(8.8,12.7)mmol/L,Z=-4.660,P＜0.001],HbA1c[6.3％(5.3,7.8)％vs.8.5％(7.2,10.0)％,Z=-5.130,P＜0.001],LDL-C[2.6(1.8,3.1)mmol/L vs.3.3(2.6,4.0)mmol/L,Z=-4.112,P＜0.001],UACR[16.1(3.5,46.5)mg/g vs.58.4(11.9,108.0)mg/g,Z=-2.220,P=0.026]for patients in the expriemental group after intervention were significantly decreased.Conclusion SMBG combined with digital diabetes management model can significantly improve the clinical indicators of patients.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.

ABSRACT The development of hepatocellular car-cinoma(HCC)is closely related to the formation of tumour blood vessels.VEGF-mediated angiogenesis is a major driver of the immune escape response in tumours.VEGF binds to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2(VEGFR2)on endothelial cells,promoting endothelial cell proliferation and migration,inducing vascular changes in HCC,and thus promote the growth of hepatocellular carcino-ma cells.Anti-VEGF and its receptor-targeted mo-lecular drugs are currently effective new treat-ments for HCC.Monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF have been shown to block its angio-genic activity,alleviate the inhibitory effect of the tumour microenvironment,and ultimately achieve tumour regression.This article provides a review of the research progress of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors in HCC treatment.