The efficacy of root canal therapy, as a core intervention for endodontic and periapical diseases, is highly dependent on the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs. Although traditional drugs such as calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine, and antibiotic pastes commonly used in the clinic play a role in preventing and controlling infections, they have obvious limitations. These drugs influence the mechanical properties of dentin, insufficiently solubilize necrotic tissues, and are susceptible to bacterial resistance, which makes achieving the desired effectiveness and safety difficult. Traditional macromolecular root canal drugs also face the challenge of the complexity of the root canal system. With the rapid development of material science in recent years, new antimicrobial agents have emerged. Metallic nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used in the medical field due to their unique physicochemical properties and superior antimicrobial properties. Chitosan nanoparticles have superior biosafety, calcium hydroxide nanoparticles compensate for the limitations of traditional calcium hydroxide formulations, and quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles can confer antimicrobial properties to existing oral materials. Novel antimicrobial nanoparticles using nano-delivery systems, such as mesoporous calcium silicate and mesoporous silica, carry antimicrobial molecules with significant advantages in terms of anti-biofilm, biosafety, and promotion of tissue repair. Further, these agents reduce drug resistance, which improves prospects for application compared to traditional root canal disinfection drugs. The breakthrough of nanotechnology provides a novel direction for the innovation of root canal treatment drugs. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of nano-antimicrobial materials in root canal therapy.

Objective To design a multisensory supported device and evaluate its effectiveness on preterm infants(born before 34 weeks)during NICU hospitalization.Methods The multisensory supported device is composed of a basement,several soft cushions and an adjustable eye mask.The inner layer of the device comprises of the head and tail boundaries,serves as uterine wall-like circular boundaries.The outer skeleton is equipped with multisensory stimulation modules to provide visual,hearing,and tactile sensory stimulations for premature infants.The study was conducted in a NICU of a tertiary A children specialist hospital in Shanghai,China.The convenience sampling method was used and based on the ratio of 1∶2 between the experimental and the control group in this study.The control group was treated by standard nursing care,while the experiment group was treated with the multisensory supported device in addition to NICU conventional care.All infants were assessed during the week of admission and again at corrected gestational age of 36 weeks.The actigraphy watch which was used for 72 hours continuous record of the activities of study infants,allows the researcher to compare the activity scores,wakefulness and sleep indicators of 2 groups of infants.Results 71 preterm infants were enrolled in the study,and 60 preterm infants completed data collection for study data analysis,including 20 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group.There were no statistical differences in demographic characteristics and clinical status regarding wakefulness,sleep and physical development between the 2 groups in baseline(P＞0.05).At 36 weeks of corrected gestational age,the activity score of the experimental group was(46.61±12.14)points,and that of the control group was(57.33±18.36)points,with statistically significant differences in 2 groups(P=0.024).The total waking time of the experimental group was(384.85±169.42)min,and that of the control group was(492.08±220.45)min,with statistically significant differences in 2 groups(P=0.049).There was no statistical difference in other indicators between 2 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The multisensory supported device can reduce high-frequency unpleasant activity as well as frequent wakefulness status,which could promote the sleeping quality of preterm infants.Further studies are needed to verify further effects of the device on premature infants'physical development.

In recent years, the "Room Escape" industry in China is booming, and this real live game has become popular. However, health threatening events such as fire, trauma, coma, and lung infection in the game venues have been reported at home and abroad. If these venues are not supervised in time, there will be great potential public safety and health hazards. In this review, we summarized the hidden dangers of public safety and health in such venues, including fire and safety hazards, persistent stress state, indoor ventilation problems, risk of contagious infection, non-player characters’ health risk, special film effects of 4D cinemas, mosquito problems, light pollution and noise, and food safety. Meanwhile, health management recommendations for the game venues were proposed from the aspects of formulating health management standards, improving health security measures, and strengthening related health education to players, so as to improve the hygiene levels of such venues and protect players and staff from injuries or diseases.

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), and improve the diagnosis and treatment at AR combined with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with AR and OSA (AR and OSA group) admitted to the respiratory department at Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 120 children diagnosed with OSA and excluded AR during the same period were selected as control group.The SDB day and night symptoms, sleep structure characteristics and sleep breathing events were compared between two groups.Results:The average course of disease in children with AR and OSA was significantly longer than that in control group ( P=0.030). The main manifestations of children in AR and OSA group were mouth breathing (100.0%), snoring (99.2%), nasal obstruction (88.5%), and restless sleep (68.0%). There was no significant difference in sleep structure between two groups ( P>0.05), but the sleep efficiency of AR and OSA group was significantly lower than that of control group ( P=0.028). The respiratory events apnea hypopnea index, obstructive apnea index, obstructive apnea hypopnea index, hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index of each sleep period in AR and OSA group were significantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.05). Among the children in AR and OSA group, moderate and severe OSA were the main manifestations, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The combination of AR delayed the course of OSA in children.The main characteristics of sleep disordered breathing in children with AR are mouth opening, restless sleep, snoring and nasal obstruction.The sleep efficiency is decreased.Obstructive hypopnea and apnea are the most common respiratory events, and oxygen deficiency often occurs in rapid eye movement phase.Children with AR are more likely to have moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea.

A systematic characterization of the similarities and differences among different methods for detecting structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM), tensor-based morphometry (TBM), and projection-based thickness (PBT), is important for understanding the brain pathology in schizophrenia and for developing effective biomarkers for a diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, such studies are still lacking. Here, we performed VBM, TBM, and PBT analyses on T1-weighted brain MR images acquired from 116 patients with schizophrenia and 116 healthy controls. We found that, although all methods detected wide-spread structural changes, different methods captured different information - only 10.35% of the grey matter changes in cortex were detected by all three methods, and VBM only detected 11.36% of the white matter changes detected by TBM. Further, pattern classification between patients and controls revealed that combining different measures improved the classification accuracy (81.9%), indicating that fusion of different structural measures serves as a better neuroimaging marker for the objective diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Objective To analyze Professor Wu Weiping's medication rules on treating the onset of bronchial asthma based on data mining.Methods The patients'records and prescriptions of Professor Wu Weiping on treating the onset of bronchial asthma were collected and collated,and the frequency and regularity of drug combinations were researched by using the association rules of TCM inheritance support system to analyze the medication experience of Professor Wu Weiping.Results By analyzing the 249 prescriptions of 61 patients,drug properties of the prescription:cold (45.6％),warm (42.6％),bitter(37.9％),pungent (27.5％).Channel tropism:lung,spleen,liver,stomach.The top 10 herbal medicine are Qingbanxia,Chaihu,Fangfeng,Huangqin,Mahuang,Wuweizi,Wumei,Qianhu,Chishao,Kuxingren.The top 3 treatment principle is reducing phlegm,expelling wind evil and regulating qi.Xiaochaihu decoction and Guomin decoction were showed in the article.Conclusions Data dining could help to discover the rules of Professor Wu Weiping's treatment of the onset of bronchial asthma.The cold and warm drugs,acrid and bitter drugs were used together frequently,while the drugs belonging to the lung,spleen,liver and stomach meridians were used commonly.The evil of phlegm,qi and wind were paid attention to eliminate pathogen.

Objective To assess and compare the incidence,clinical characteristics,treatment,and prognosis of acute heart failure patients from different grades hospitals in Beijing.Methods In this prospective internet prognosis registered study (Beijing AHF Registry),a total of 3 335 consecutive patients admitted to 14 emergency departments in Beijing from January 1st 2011 to September 23rd 2012 were enrolled.According to hospital grade,these patients were divided into two groups,349 patients were from secondary hospitals,and 2 956 patients were from tertiary hospitals.Results Among the 3 335 patients,the medium age was 71 (58,79) years,and male accounted for 53.16％.The most common underlying disease were coronary disease (43.27％),hypertension (17.73％),cardiomyopathy (16.07％) etc.The average treatment time in Emergency Department was 66.82 h.The emergency department mortality rate was 3.81％ (127 cases).The 30-day and 1-year cumulative all-cause mortality were 15.3％ and 32.27％,respectively.The 30-day and 1-year cumulative all-cause readmission were 15.64％ and 46.89％,respectively.Compared with patients in tertiary hospitals,patients in secondary hospitals had more onset acute heart failure patients (63.64％ vs.49.93％),shorter emergency department treatment time (12 h vs.41 h),lower discharge rate (3.43％ vs.37.45％) and emergency department mortality(1.58％ vs.4.09％).Compared with those in tertiary hospitals,1-year cumulative all-cause mortality (25.6％ vs.33.2％),cardiovascular disease mortality (20.2％ vs.26.0％),aggravated heart failure mortality (22.4％ vs.28.8％) were lower in secondary hospitals.Following propensity score matching,compared to tertiary hospitals,patients in secondary hospitals showed lower utilization rate of beta-blockers and ACEFARB (4.51％ vs.28.17％,1.41％ vs.9.58％),except the pironolactone.Conclusion Acute heart failure in emergency department is associated with a high mortality rate and readmission rate.There is still a big gap between guidelines recommend medication current treatments for acute heart failure.

Objective To investigate the internal quality control ( IQC ) on clinical chemistry , clinical immunology and clinical hematology in mutual recognition laboratories in medical institutions in Beijing.Methods By means of questionnaire survey and on -site investigation, fresh frozen serum and whole blood samples with assigned values by reference method were measured to investigate the status of IQC on clinical chemistry , clinical immunology and clinical hematology in 142 mutual recognition laboratories in medical institutions of Beijing,and results were analyzed.Results 142 copies of questionnaireson clinical chemistry, clinical immunology and clinical hematology were send out and 120, 97, and 101 laboratories returned the questionnaires respectively .The information feedback rate was 84.5%, 68.3% and 71.1%respectively .All the questionnaires were effective .Questionnaires survey results showed that more than 50%laboratories set up quality control goals and the most of the goals were probability for error detection ( Ped) 95%, probability for false rejection(Pfr)5%;About 70% laboratories usecd the same quality control plan for different tests ;The most frequently used quality control rules are 12s/13s/22s.On-site investigation showed that ,take the results of clinical chemistry for example , based on the desirable biological variation and WS/T 403 -2012 , most of the tests can't meet the quality control goalsunder the existing quality controlcondition.Conclusion Clinical laboratories should consider their actual situations , assess their own qualitylevels that they can reach , set reasonable quality standards for themselves , and make appropriateindividualized quality control plan.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU ) and total abdominal hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine fibroids .Methods 167 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids were divid‐ed into the HIFU treatment group(n=86) and the hysterectomy group(n=81) .The adverse events were recorded before operation and at postoperative 1 ,3 ,6 months .The questionnaire survey of the uterine fibroid symptoms‐quality of life (UFS‐QOL) was con‐ducted .The health related living quality was evaluated by using the health survey questionnaire‐36(SF‐36) .Results There were no severe adverse events in either group .The significant clinical complications and adverse events in the HIFU group were lower than those in the hysterectomy group .The UFS‐QOL scores in the HIFU group were superior to those in the hysterectomy group ,but the SF‐36 scores at postopertive 3 ,6 months had statistically significant differences between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The patients who are unable to tolerate surgery or hope to preserve the uterus and its physiological function are suitable for HI‐FU treatment .

OBJECTIVETo establish the single genome amplification (SGA) method and analyze the quasispecies in HIV-infected patients.

METHODSAll 6 sample RNA acquired in 2010 in Shenzhen and genetic sequenced as overlap peaks were extracted and diluted to a single copy, nest-PCR after one step RT-PCR was employed to amplify HIV-1 genome, and then PCR products was purified and sequenced. Mega 4.02 software was used to analyze the genetic distance among HIV-1 quasispecies, and phylogenetic tree was constructed.

RESULTSOur data showed that viral sequences derived from different patients were grouped into different clusters. Subcluster was also observed in several clusters, indicating these existed competition and preferential replication of certain viral strains. The genetic distance within one cluster of 6 samples were between 0.008 and 0.06, it was likely to associate with the duration since infection and viral load.

CONCLUSIONSGA is a useful approach to gain information on quasispecies, the genetic distance within one cluster may help to determine the infection time and immune escaping. The analysis of related affecting factors need more samples.