The efficacy of root canal therapy, as a core intervention for endodontic and periapical diseases, is highly dependent on the effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs. Although traditional drugs such as calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine, and antibiotic pastes commonly used in the clinic play a role in preventing and controlling infections, they have obvious limitations. These drugs influence the mechanical properties of dentin, insufficiently solubilize necrotic tissues, and are susceptible to bacterial resistance, which makes achieving the desired effectiveness and safety difficult. Traditional macromolecular root canal drugs also face the challenge of the complexity of the root canal system. With the rapid development of material science in recent years, new antimicrobial agents have emerged. Metallic nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used in the medical field due to their unique physicochemical properties and superior antimicrobial properties. Chitosan nanoparticles have superior biosafety, calcium hydroxide nanoparticles compensate for the limitations of traditional calcium hydroxide formulations, and quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles can confer antimicrobial properties to existing oral materials. Novel antimicrobial nanoparticles using nano-delivery systems, such as mesoporous calcium silicate and mesoporous silica, carry antimicrobial molecules with significant advantages in terms of anti-biofilm, biosafety, and promotion of tissue repair. Further, these agents reduce drug resistance, which improves prospects for application compared to traditional root canal disinfection drugs. The breakthrough of nanotechnology provides a novel direction for the innovation of root canal treatment drugs. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of nano-antimicrobial materials in root canal therapy.

Objective To explore the effect of century cloud weight loss(CCWL)follow-up system on the dietary behavior compliance,follow-up rate and weight loss effect of patients after bariatric surgery.Methods A total of 222 obese patients undergoing Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University in 2022 were selected as the study subjects.A total of 108 patients from January to June 2022 were included in control group,and routine follow-up management mode was adopted.A total of 114 patients from July to December 2022 were included in intervention group and were followed up by CCWL follow-up system.The dietary behavior compliance,postoperative follow-up rate,percentage of excess weight loss(%EWL),glucose and lipid metabolism indexes were compared between two groups.Results At 1 month,3 months and 6 months after surgery,the eating behavior after bariatric surgery(EBBS)score,follow-up rate and%EWL of patients in intervention group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).At 1 month after surgery,there was no significant difference in triacylglycerol(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),fasting blood glucose(FBG)levels in two groups(P>0.05),and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose(2hBG)in intervention group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).At 3 months and 6 months after surgery,TG,FBG and 2hBG in intervention group were significantly lower than those in control group,while HDL-C was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The application of CCWL follow-up system in patients with bariatric surgery can improve postoperative eating behavior,increase postoperative follow-up rate,and strengthen the effect of postoperative weight loss.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, so as to provide insights into improving STDs prevention and control strategies. Methods: Data of syphilis, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum, genital herpes and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections reported in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The temporal, spatial and population distribution of STDs were analyzed, and the trends in incidence of STDs were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 386 770 STDs cases were reported in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, with mean annual reported incidence of 127.80/105. The mean annual reported incidence from high to low was syphilis (44.11/105), genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections (40.20/105), gonorrhea (24.92/105), condyloma acuminatum (13.32/105), and genital herpes (5.34/105). The incidence of STDs appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2018 to 2022 (APC=-9.332%, P<0.05), with an average annual growth rate of -9.41%. Syphilis (APC=-11.536%, P<0.05), condyloma acuminatum (APC=-7.509%, P<0.05), and genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections (APC=-9.009%, P<0.05) showed a appeared a tendency towards a decline. The top three highest reported incidence were reported in Hangzhou City (185.98/105), Taizhou City (133.85/105) and Lishui City (122.73/105), respectively. The mean annual reported incidence of females was higher than that of males (140.60/105 vs. 117.83/105; P<0.05). Most STDs cases were at ages of 20 to 49 years (265 314 cases, 68.60%). Farmers (118 096 cases, 30.53%), household and unemployed personnel (85 924 cases, 22.22%) were the predominant occupation. Conclusions The incidence of STDs appeared a tendency towards a decline in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2022, with regional differences in incidence. People at ages of 20 to 49 years, farmers, household and unemployed personnel are high-risk populations for STDs.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of Ligusticum Chuanxiong extract on MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage and Parkinson’s syndrome. 【Methods】 1-methyl-4phenylpyridine ion (MPP+) interfered with SH-SY5Y to establish a cell model of elderly Parkinson’s syndrome (SH-SY5Y-MPP+). After intervention with Ligusticum Chuanxiong extract, cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as miR-23a-3p and SNCA expressions were detected. In addition, the changes of SH-SY5Y-MPP+ after regulating the expression of miR-23a-3p and SNCA were observed, and the relationship between miR-23a-3p and SNCA was verified by dual luciferase reporter. 【Results】 The cell proliferation capacity of SH-SY5y-MPP⁺ was significantly lower than that of SH-SY5Y, while the apoptosis rate was higher than that of SH-SY5Y (P<0.05). Under the intervention of Ligusticum Chuanxiong extract, the proliferation ability of SH-SY5Y-MPP⁺, and Bcl-2 and SNCA protein increased, the apoptosis rate, miR-23a-3p, and Bax proteins decreased (P<0.05). Both silencing miR-23a-3p and increasing SNCA could promote the proliferation of SH-SY5Y-MPP⁺ and inhibit apoptosis, while increasing miR-23a-3p and silencing SNCA were the opposite (P<0.05). The online target gene prediction website found that miR-23a-3p and SNCA had complementary sites that could bind, and the dual luciferase reporter enzyme showed that the firefly activity of SNCA-wt was significantly inhibited after the miR-23a-3p mimic sequence was transfected (P<0.05). After increasing miR-23a-3p, the expression of SNCA protein in SH-SY5Y-MPP⁺ decreased, while silencing miR-23a-3p was the opposite (P<0.05). Rescue experiments showed that the intervention effect of Ligusticum Chuanxiong extract on SH-SY5Y-MPP+ was completely reversed by increasing miR-23a-3p or silent SNCA (P>0.05); the effect of increasing miR-23a-3p on SH-SY5Y-MPP⁺ increased SNCA reversion (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Ligusticum Chuanxiong extract can affect the biological behavior changes of SH-SY5Y induced by MPP⁺ by regulating the miR-23a-3p/SNCA axis, which may be a new direction for the treatment of elderly Parkinson’s syndrome in the future.

Objective:To investigate epidemiological features and trends of genital herpes in Zhejiang province, and to provide scientific evidence for developing control strategies.Methods:Data on reported cases of genital herpes in Zhejiang province between 2011 and 2020 were collected from national notifiable infectious disease surveillance system in China Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted.Results:The reported incidence rate of genital herpes in Zhejiang province between 2011 and 2020 ranged from 4.92 per 100 000 to 6.19 per 100 000, without a significant upward or downward trend (trend χ2 = 0.03, P = 0.959) ; the reported incidence rate in females showed an increasing trend (from 4.50 per 100 000 to 6.02 per 100 000, trend χ2 = 5.13, P = 0.034) , with an average annual increase rate of 3.27%; among all the age groups, the sexually active population aged 20 - 39 years showed a high reported incidence rate of genital herpes, but the incidence rate increased significantly in the groups aged 15 - 19 years and over 50 years, with the average annual increase rates being 8.10%, 9.24%,7.81% and 4.27% in the groups aged 15 - 19 years, 50 - 54 years, 55 - 59 years and over 60 years respectively. The largest proportion of cases was found in farmers (28.38%, 8 779/30 931) , and high average annual increase rates in proportions were observed in healthcare workers, retirees, students, unemployed population and cadres (13.71%, 13.14%, 10.74%, 9.36% and 7.00%, respectively) . The reported incidence rates were high (over 5 per 100 000) in Eastern coastal areas such as Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou, as well as Jinhua city with relatively developed industrial economies in central Zhejiang; the reported incidence rate markedly increased in Hangzhou city, with an average annual increase rate of 5.39%. Conclusions:There was no obvious downward trend in the prevalence of genital herpes in Zhejiang province from 2011 to 2020. Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of genital herpes in females, adolescents and the elderly, and the monitoring of herpes simplex virus infections and investigation of infection routes and exposure history should be strengthened.

Objective: To assess the implementation of National Leprosy Control Plan (2011-2020) in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into leprosy control. Methods: Leprosy control data were collected from the National Leprosy Management Information System of China, and health administrative sectors, centers for disease control and prevention and professional leprosy control institutions at each level in Zhejiang Province. According to the scheme for the final evaluation of National Leprosy Control Plan (2011-2020), the implementation of 12 indicators in Zhejiang Province in 2020 was investigated, including the current number of leprosy patients, prevalence of leprosy, proportion of training on leprosy control skills, proportion of regular leprosy treatment, proportion of treatment of adverse reactions, annual examination rate of close contacts, proportion of early case identification and awareness of leprosy control knowledge. Results: There were 50 registered leprosy cases in Zhejiang Province by the end of 2020, with a decrease of 50.98% relative to in 2010. The prevalence of leprosy was less than 1/105 in 93 counties (districts) of Zhejiang Province, and the rate of training on leprosy control skills, rate of regular leprosy treatment, rate of treatment of adverse reactions, annual examination rate of close contacts, rate of early case identification were all 100% in Zhejiang Province. There were no new confirmed cases with diagnosis of leprosy having grade 2 deformity or disability, or no new cases with deformity or disability within 2 years following anti-leprosy therapy. In addition, the awareness of leprosy control knowledge was 91.67% among the public and 98.12% among the close contacts. All of the 12 indicators reached the requirements of the National Leprosy Control Plan (2011-2020). Conclusions The implementation of the National Leprosy Control Plan (2011-2020) in Zhejiang Province had achieved the targets defined in the final evaluation of the plan. Intensifying multi-sectoral joint leprosy prevention and control and improving early identification and standardized therapy of leprosy cases are recommended for future leprosy control in Zhejiang Province.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Yanghe decoction combined with Tounongpowder on patients with acute plasma cell mastitis and its influence on inflammatory factors.Methods:A total of 120 patients with acute plasma cell mastitis admitted to Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected, and divided into control group (60 cases) and combination group (60 cases). The control group was treated with western medicine, and the combination group was treated with Yanghe decoction and Tounongpowder on the basis of the control group. Seven days was 1 course and a total of 4 courses were continued. The scores of symptoms and signs and clinical effects of the two groups before treatment and 1 month after treatment were compared. The serum interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-6 were measured by radioimmunoassay, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:After 1 month of treatment, the scores of breast swelling, breast lumps, breast pain, breast fistula symptoms and signs in the two groups were significantly decreased, the scores of above index in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The total effective rate in the combined group was higher than that in control group: 91.7%(55/60) vs. 76.7% (46/60), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 8.456, P<0.05). After 1 month of treatment, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the two groups were significantly reduced, and the serum levels of above 3 index in the combination group were significantly lower than those in the control group: (3.24 ± 0.92) ng/L vs. (3.81 ± 1.02) ng/L, (1.12 ± 0.42) ng/L vs. (1.41 ± 0.35) ng/L, (32.27 ± 19.03) ng/L vs. (43.04 ± 21.58) ng/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the liver and kidney functions of the two groups were not abnormal, and the differences in adverse reactions such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Yanghe decoction combined with Tounongpowder can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with acute plasma cell mastitis, with a definite clinical effect. Its mechanism of action may be related to reducing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and reducing the inflammatory response.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis in Zhejiang province and to provide scientific basis for the development of syphilis prevention and control strategies.Methods:A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of syphilis in Zhejiang from 2010 to 2019.Results:During the period, the incidence rate of syphilis decreased from 94.90/100 000 in 2010 to 53.53/100 000 in 2019 with an average decreasing rate of 6.16%. The annual decreases of the incidences of congenital syphilis, primary syphilis and secondary syphilis were all obvious, which were 43.47%, 21.38% and 14.19% respectively. The proportion of latent syphilis cases increased with year. Except for Lishui, the incidences of syphilis in the remaining 10 prefectures showed declining trends. The incidence rates in both men and women showed declining trends with the average rates of 4.80% and 6.45% respectively. The incidence peaks occurred in old men aged ≥60 years and in sexually active women aged 20-34 years, and the syphilis cases in age group ≥60 years increased significantly. The cases were mainly farmers, accounting for 43.00%.Conclusion:The incidence of syphilis in Zhejiang showed a decreasing trend, but the situation remains serious, indicating that the intensity and quality of the comprehensive prevention and control needs to be further strengthened.

Insufficient bone quantity in the posterior region of the maxilla is one of the difficulties for dental implant placement. Maxillary sinus augmentation is considered to be a reliable treatment to solve the problem of insufficient bone quantity. With the increase of researches on maxillary sinus elevation, the debate over osteogenesis potential of Schneiderian membrane is getting more attention. Therefore, this article will review the current research on osteogenic potential of the Schneiderian membrane and its influence factors.

FimA has been characterized as an important virulence factor for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). These structures play a major role in the mechanisms of adhesion and invasion of Pg to host cells, and can induce cellular activation and cytokines release. FimA can also promote biofilm formation and induce immuno-inflammatory response of host cells. Many studies have characterized FimA to be associated with periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. Pg strains are classified into six types based on divergent nucleotide sequences of the fimA gene (types Ⅰ、Ⅰb、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ andⅤ). The expression of fimbriae is regulated by the fimA gene, which may be the key factor that leads to virulence diversities of Pg, At present, the research on the pathogenesis of FimA mainly focuses on periodontitis and atherosclerosis, which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper reviewed the pathogenic effect of FimA in the development of above mentioned two diseases and its application in the prevention.