Objective:To investigate and summarize the chest CT imaging features of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), bacterial pneumonia and other viral pneumonia.Methods:Chest CT data of 102 patients with pulmonary infection due to different etiologies were retrospectively analyzed, including 36 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Hainan Provincial People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from December 2019 to March 2020, 16 patients with other viral pneumonia admitted to Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to February 2020, and 50 patients with bacterial pneumonia admitted to Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine from April 2018 to May 2020. Two senior radiologists and two senior intensive care physicians were participated to evaluated the extent of lesions involvement and imaging features of the first chest CT after the onset of the disease.Results:Bilateral pulmonary lesions were more common in patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia, and the incidence was significantly higher than that of bacterial pneumonia (91.6%, 75.0% vs. 26.0%, P < 0.05). Compared with other viral pneumonia and COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia was mainly characterized by single-lung and multi-lobed lesion (62.0% vs. 18.8%, 5.6%, P < 0.05), accompanied by pleural effusion and lymph node enlargement. The proportion of ground-glass opacity in the lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 was 97.2%, that of patients with other viral pneumonia was 56.2%, and that of patients with bacterial pneumonia was only 2.0% ( P < 0.05). The incidence rate of lung tissue consolidation (25.0%, 12.5%), air bronchial sign (13.9%, 6.2%) and pleural effusion (16.7%, 37.5%) in patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia were significantly lower than those in patients with bacterial pneumonia (62.0%, 32.0%, 60.0%, all P < 0.05), paving stone sign (22.2%, 37.5%), fine mesh sign (38.9%, 31.2%), halo sign(11.1%, 25.0%), ground-glass opacity with interlobular septal thickening (30.6%, 37.5%), bilateral patchy pattern/rope shadow (80.6%, 50.0%) etc. were significantly higher than those of bacterial pneumonia (2.0%, 4.0%, 2.0%, 0%, 22.0%, all P < 0.05). The incidence of local patchy shadow in patients with COVID-19 was only 8.3%, significantly lower than that in patients with other viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia (8.3% vs. 68.8%, 50.0%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of peripheral vascular shadow thickening in patients with COVID-19, other viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia (27.8%, 12.5%, 30.0%, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The probability of ground-glass opacity, paving stone and grid shadow in chest CT of patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than those of bacterial pneumonia, and it was more common in the lower lungs and lateral dorsal segment. In other patients with viral pneumonia, ground-glass opacity was distributed in both upper and lower lungs. Bacterial pneumonia is usually characterized by single lung consolidation, distributed in lobules or large lobes and accompanied by pleural effusion.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique in which breathing and circulation are supported extracorporeally. Severe trauma may induce cardiopulmonary failure, for which ECMO can play an adjunctive role in the salvage treatment of circulatory and respiratory failure when conventional treatments are ineffective. Bypass with ECMO can rapidly improve the state such as circulatory failure and hypoxemia in critically ill patients in short term and can partially or fully replace their cardiopulmonary function in long term, winning valuable time for normal recovery of cardiopulmonary function. Because of the physical state of severe trauma patients and the ECMO equipment, there are still various complications clinically. Trauma patients show high risk of bleeding, vulnerability to wound infection and probability of combined organ injury and dysfunction, so more comprehensive measures for the prevention and treatment of complications during the use of ECMO therapy are required. The authors review the research progress in complications and corresponding prevention and treatment strategies during ECMO support for severe trauma, aiming to provide a reference to prevent and treat these complications.

As specialized intracellular parasite, viruses have no ability to metabolize independently, so they completely depend on the metabolic mechanism of host cells. Viruses use the energy and precursors provided by the metabolic network of the host cells to drive their replication, assembly and release. Namely, viruses hijack the host cells metabolism to achieve their own replication and proliferation. In addition, viruses can also affect host cell metabolism by the expression of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs), affecting carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles, and participate in microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling. This review summarizes the effect of viral infection on the host's core metabolic pathway from four aspects: cellular glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and viral AMGs on host metabolism. It may facilitate in-depth understanding of virus-host interactions, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of viral diseases through metabolic intervention.
Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Virus Diseases ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Lipid Metabolism

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a clinical syndrome with impairment of at least one cognitive domain caused by vascular risk factors or cerebrovascular diseases, and its pathogenesis is not completely clear so far. Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain. They participate in many processes such as neuroinflammation, synaptic pruning, myelin regeneration, neurogenesis and connection. They are associated with the occurrence and development of various neurological diseases such as cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism. Recent studies have shown that microglia play an important role in the development of VCI. This article reviews the role of microglia in VCI.

Objective:To investigate epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors on dust-exposed working years of pneumoconiosis cases in Yantai.Methods:In January 2020, By Cluster sampling way, Using descriptive statistics to analyze dust-exposed working years of the reported 3307 new cases of pneumoconiosis from 2009 to 2019 in Yantai. Analyzing the variation trends by the chi-square trend test. Analyzing single fator by chi-square test. Using multiple classification Logistic Regression analysis to analyze multiple influencing factors.Results:The dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases decreased by years ( P<0.05) . The starting age of dust exposure of cases increased year by year, while positively correlated with the dust-exposed working age ( r=-0.217, P<0.05) . The years of dust exposure, starting age of dust exposure, industry, type of economy and scale of enterprise were main influence factors on the dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases. Conclusion:We should strengthen the management on prevention and control condition of pneumoconiosis in metal smelting and processing industry and privately-owned, small and micro enterprises, and pay attention to workers starting exposed to dust in the age of ≥28 years old.

Objective:To investigate epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors on dust-exposed working years of pneumoconiosis cases in Yantai.Methods:In January 2020, By Cluster sampling way, Using descriptive statistics to analyze dust-exposed working years of the reported 3307 new cases of pneumoconiosis from 2009 to 2019 in Yantai. Analyzing the variation trends by the chi-square trend test. Analyzing single fator by chi-square test. Using multiple classification Logistic Regression analysis to analyze multiple influencing factors.Results:The dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases decreased by years ( P<0.05) . The starting age of dust exposure of cases increased year by year, while positively correlated with the dust-exposed working age ( r=-0.217, P<0.05) . The years of dust exposure, starting age of dust exposure, industry, type of economy and scale of enterprise were main influence factors on the dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases. Conclusion:We should strengthen the management on prevention and control condition of pneumoconiosis in metal smelting and processing industry and privately-owned, small and micro enterprises, and pay attention to workers starting exposed to dust in the age of ≥28 years old.

Objective:To explore the effects of human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) on inflammation of hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats.Methods:Seventy-two neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, BPD group, hyperoxia + low-dose recombinant erythropoietin [EPO(L)]group, and hyperoxia + high-dose recombinant erythropoietin [EPO(H)]group.The neonatal rats in BPD group, hyperoxia + EPO(L)group and hyperoxia + EPO(H)group were exposed to 850 mL/L oxygen.Then the neonatal rats in hyperoxia + EPO(L)group and hyperoxia + EPO(H)group were given 800 IU/kg and 2 000 IU/kg rhEPO by subcutaneous injection respectively at 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, while the control group and BPD group were given the same amount of 9 g/L saline water.Initially, the body weight of each group was recorded at 3 d, 7 d and 14 d. The morphological structure changes of lung tissues were observed by HE staining under light microscope, and the radial alveolar count(RAC) in lung tissues were detected.The expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) was detected by immunofluorescence staining; Western blot was applied to determine the protein expression of phosphorylated NF-κB(pNF-κB), inhibitor protein(IκB) and Caspase-3 in lung tissues; and the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:(1) On the 14 th day, the body weight of neonatal rats in the BPD group was lower than that in the control group [(18.97±3.21) g vs.(27.97±2.30) g], and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01); however, the body weights of neonatal rats in the hyperoxia+ EPO(L)group and hyperoxia+ EPO(H)group[(24.16±2.15) g, (26.04±1.97) g] was much heavier than that in the BPD group, and the differences was statistically significant(all P<0.05). (2) The morphological structure of lung tissues which was observed by HE staining showed that in the BPD group, there were a few inflammatory cells infiltration in alveolar septum on the 3 rd day, the inflammatory response was more evident on the 7 th day, when exudation could be seen in the alveolar cavity; and on the 14 th day, the number of pulmonary alveoli decreased, pulmonary bulla formed, and septa were thickened.Besides, it was also observed that compared with control group, RAC was significantly decreased in BPD group on the 14 th day(5.50±1.29 vs.14.33±2.80), and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.01). Pathological changes were ameliorated and the infiltration of inflammatory reaction cells was reduced in the hyperoxia+ EPO(L)group and hyperoxia + EPO(H)group.RAC was remarkably higher in the hyperoxia+ EPO(L)group and hyperoxia+ EPO(H)group than that in the BPD group on the 14 th day, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (3)Immunofluorescence results showed that: the number of NF-κB p65 positive cells increased significantly and fluorescence intensity increased in the BPD group, while EPO could greatly reduce the number of NF-κB p65 positive cells and lower the fluorescence intensity.(4)Western blot results indicated that compared with the control group, the expressions of pNF-κB p65 and Cleaved Caspase-3 was significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); and IκB was significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The expression of NF-κB p65 and Cleaved Caspase-3 was significantly lower, but IκB was significantly higher in the hyperoxia+ EPO(L)group and the hyperoxia+ EPO(H)group than those in the BPD group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (5) ELISA results revealed that the expression of IL-1β in the BPD group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); Compared with BPD group, the expression of IL-1β was significantly lower in the hyperoxia+ EPO(L)group and hyperoxia+ EPO(H)group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:EPO can reduce hyperoxia-induced lung tissue apoptosis and protect newborn rats against hyperoxic lung injury by decreasing the inflammatory response of cells through the NF-κB pathway on BPD.

The Bcr-Abl oncogene is produced by the reciprocal translocation between c-Abl gene on chromosome 9 and the Bcr gene on chromosome 22 in human genome. The encoded Bcr-Abl fusion protein is responsible for the pathogenesis of certain human leukemias. Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) is a retrovirus that could lead to transformation of B lymphocyte in mice, and v-Abl is the oncogene of A-MuLV. Abl oncoproteins (such as Bcr-Abl and v-Abl) play critical roles in tumorigenesis of certain cell types. Several signal transduction pathways, including JAK/STAT/Pim, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK signaling pathway, are involved in Abl-mediated tumorigenesis. In addition, Abl-mediated tumorigenesis is associated with mutation or abnormal modification of key signal molecules as well as dysregulation of some critical long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which Abl oncogenes activate three major signaling pathways, and provide a scientific basis for therapy of Abl oncoprotein-induced tumors.
Abelson murine leukemia virus ; Animals ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; Genes, abl ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Objective To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor β receptor-Ⅱ(TGF-βRⅡ) on AngⅡ inducing glomerular mesangial cell(GMC) proliferation and the expressions of TGF-β1 and psmad3 through transfecting TGF-βRⅡsmall interfering RNA(siRNA)into GMC. Methods Through transfecting fluo-rescence control siRNA into GMC ,we observed the transfection efficiency under fluorescence microscope after 6 hours. Transfecting TGF-βRⅡsiRNA and negative control siRNA into GMC respectively ,we detected the expres-sion of TGF-βRⅡ by western blot after 24 hours. The cells were divided into four groups:control group,AngⅡgroup,negative siRNA control group and TGF-βRⅡ siRNA group. Each group was stimulated by AngⅡ except the control group. After 24 hours,we detected the TGF-β1 and psmad3 protein levels by western blot and detected GMC proliferation by CCK8 kit. Results (1) Comparing with the scrambled control group,the expression of TGFβRⅡin the TGF-βRⅡsiRNA group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).(2)AngⅡcould accelerate the expression of TGF-β1. Transfecting TGF-βRⅡsiRNA into GMC decreased the expression of TGF-β1 protein(P<0.05).(3)AngⅡ could stimulate the phosphorylation of smad3. Transfecting TGF-βRⅡ siRNA into GMC de-creased the expression of psmad3 protein(P < 0.05).(4)Transfecting TGF-βRⅡ siRNA into GMC relieved the GMC proliferation AngⅡ-promoted(P < 0.05). Conclusions The AngⅡ stimulates the GMC proliferation,de-pending on the expression of TGF-βRⅡ. It is related to the expressions of TGF-β1 and psmad3.