BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used to treat neurological diseases.However,due to limitations of the blood-brain barrier,low survival rate and differentiation rate of stem cells at damaged sites,the therapeutic effect is limited. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills on proliferation,migration and astrocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Male SD rats were treated with Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills for 5 days after continuous gavage.Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated for later use.The effect of 5%,10%and 20%drug-containing serum on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of 10%drug-containing serum on lateral migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed by scratch test.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in Transwell cells.The effects of 10%drug-containing serum on longitudinal migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed by crystal violet staining and DAPI nuclear staining.Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes was observed by inducing solution with 10%drug-containing serum or co-culture with astrocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)10%and 20%drug-containing serum promoted cell proliferation more significantly on days 2 and 3,and there was no statistical difference between the two concentrations.(2)At 30 and 48 hours,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration in 10%drug-containing serum group was significantly higher than that in the control group.(3)The number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells filtered through Transwell cells in 10%drug-containing serum group was higher than that in the control group.(4)10%drug-containing serum might promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocytes,but the differentiation effect was weak,and astrocytes might further promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes induced by drug-containing serum.(5)The results exhibited that the 10%drug-containing serum could promote the proliferation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.Co-culture with astrocytes may promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards astrocytes.

Induction of cancer cell ferroptosis has been proposed as a potential treatment in several cancer types. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a key role in promoting tumor malignant progression and therapy resistance. However, the roles and mechanisms of TAMs in regulating tumor ferroptosis is still unexplored and remains enigmatic. This study shows ferroptosis inducers has shown therapeutic outcomes in cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. TAMs have been found to suppress cervical cancer cells ferroptosis. Mechanistically, macrophage-derived miRNA-660-5p packaged into exosomes are transported into cancer cells. In cancer cells, miRNA-660-5p attenuates ALOX15 expression to inhibit ferroptosis. Moreover, the upregulation of miRNA-660-5p in macrophages depends on autocrine IL4/IL13-activated STAT6 pathway. Importantly, in clinical cervical cancer cases, ALOX15 is negatively associated with macrophages infiltration, which also raises the possibility that macrophages reduce ALOX15 levels in cervical cancer. Moreover, both univariate and multivariate Cox analyses show ALOX15 expression is independent prognostic factor and positively associated with good prognosis in cervical cancer. Altogether, this study reveals the potential utility of targeting TAMs in ferroptosis-based treatment and ALOX15 as prognosis indicators for cervical cancer.

Objective:To identify the morphological alterations in the Golgi apparatus of skin fibroblasts in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients.Methods:In this study, 3 SCA3 patients and 3 healthy volunteers were obtained in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2016 to 2020. The cytosine, adenine, and guanine repeats of 3 SCA3 patients were 14/76, 20/80 and 21/82, respectively. Tissue mass culture was used to amplify skin fibroblasts derived from SCA3 patients and healthy volunteers. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the protein expression of ataxin-3, Golgi reassembly stacking protein 2 (GORASP2), and Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) in the skin fibroblasts. The morphology of the Golgi apparatus in skin fibroblasts was detected using transmission electron microscopy.Results:Tissue culture of skin fibroblasts of both SCA3 patients and healthy volunteers was successfully established. The patient-derived dermal fibroblasts expressing mutant ataxin-3 protein exhibited reduced cell viability ( t=5.06,P=0.007), increased apoptosis ( t=3.77, P=0.020), fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus, increased expression of GM130 ( t=5.23, P=0.006), and decreased expression of GORASP2 ( t=4.35, P=0.012). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Golgi apparatus was disorganized in skin fibroblasts. Conclusion:Fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus occurs in the skin fibroblasts of SCA3 patients, and abnormal morphology and structure of the Golgi apparatus may be involved in the pathogenesis of SCA3.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the thickness of the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus and patient age and sex at different tooth sites to provide a reference for sinus floor elevations. Methods : Cone-beam CT（CBCT） imaging data were collected from 222 patients admitted to the Department of Stomatology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, from March 2020 to October 2020. The thicknesses of the maxillary sinus lateral wall of the first premolar, second premolar, first molar and second molar were observed and measured on the coronal plane of CBCT images, and the relationship between the maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness and patient sex was analyzed. The patients were divided into the following groups according to their age: ①the young group (18~29 years old), ②the middle-aged group (30~59 years old), and ③the elderly group (≥ 60 years old). The difference in the maxillary sinus lateral wall thickness was compared among these three age groups Results: The mean thicknesses of the maxillary sinus lateral wall at the first premolar, second premolar, first molar and second molar were （1.61 ± 0.58） mm, （1.68 ± 0.66） mm, （2.00 ± 0.76） mm and （1.71 ± 0.71） mm, respectively. The maximum thickness of the lateral wall was located at the first molar (P< 0.05). The thickness of the maxillary sinus lateral wall in the young group was significantly thicker than that in the middle-aged group and the elderly group at the first premolar and first molar (P < 0.05). The thickness of the maxillary sinus lateral wall in males was significantly thicker than that in females at the second molar [(1.78 ± 0.80) mm vs. (1.63 ± 0.62) mm, P=0.029]. Conclusion The mean thickness of the lateral wall changes at different reference points. The maxillary sinus lateral wall is the thickest at M1. The thickness of the maxillary sinus lateral wall decreased with age, and the thickness of the lateral wall was higher in males than in females.

Objective:To explore the application effect of optimizing diet management in patients with hyperphosphatemia.Methods:Seventy-seven patients who underwent regular hemodialysis in the blood purification department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2018 to June 2019 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into control group (39 cases) and intervention group (38 cases) by the method of random number table. The control group received routine nursing, while the intervention group received optimized dietary management intervention. The blood phosphorus, blood calcium, hemoglobin, albumin, dietary phosphorus related knowledge level and phosphorus control diet compliance of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared respectively.Results:After 3 months of intervention, the scores of knowledge about food phosphorus, compliance of phosphorus control diet and total score of the intervention group were (22.00±3.92), (34.82±4.69) and (56.82±7.48) points, which were higher than (18.46±3.57), (30.54±3.52) and (49.00±6.13) points of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( tvalues were 4.146, 4.536 and 5.022, P<0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the scores of knowledge about food phosphorus, compliance of phosphorus control diet and total score of the intervention group were (25.74±3.36), (41.63±5.27) and (67.37±7.67) points, which were higher than (20.97±3.81), (32.36±4.38) and (53.33±6.80) points of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( tvalues were 5.815, 8.403 and 8.504, P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the blood phosphorus level in the intervention group was 1.81 (1.67, 2.10) mmol/L, which was lower than 2.13 (1.87, 2.32) mmol/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Zvalue was-3.237, P<0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the blood phosphorus level in the intervention group was 1.75 (1.63, 1.91) mmol/L, which was lower than that in the control group 1.90 (1.83, 2.13) mmol/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( Zvalue was-3.343, P<0.01). Conclusion:Optimizing dietary management can improve patients' knowledge level of food phosphorus and dietary compliance of phosphorus control, effectively reduce blood phosphorus level, and have no obvious effect on nutritional status.

Objective:To investigate the value of α-synuclein (α-syn) concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in predicting postoperative delirium (POD).Methods:One thousand patients underwent elective surgery with combined epidural-spinal anesthesia in our hospital from January 2018 to September 2020 were selected.The epidural puncture was performed at L 3, 4 interspace, and 2 ml of CSF was collected after the needle reaching the subarachnoid space.The concentrations of α-syn, β-amyloid (Aβ)40, Aβ42, total tau protein (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau protein (P-tau) in CSF were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The concentrations of α-syn in CSF and occurrence of POD in patients of different ages were recorded.Patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group according to whether POD occurred, and frequency matching (1∶1) was performed based on five matching variables of age, ASA physical status, education level, duration of operation, and intraoperative blood loss. Results:Eight hundred and forty-one patients were finally included in the study, and the incidence of POD was 15.0%. There were 126 cases in POD group and 126 cases in non-POD group after matching. The concentrations of α-syn in CSF and incidence of POD were gradually increased with age ( P<0.05). Compared with non-POD group, the concentrations of α-syn, T-tau and P-tau in CSF were significantly increased, the concentrations of Aβ40 and Aβ42 were decreased, Aβ40/P-tau, Aβ42/P-tau, Aβ42/Aβ40 and P-tau/T-tau were decreased in POD group ( P<0.05). After confounding factors were corrected by logistic regression analysis, increased concentrations of α-syn, p-tau, and T-tau in CSF were risk factors for POD ( P<0.05). Increased concentrations of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in CSF and increased Aβ40/P-tau and Aβ42/P-tau were protective factors for POD ( P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the concentration of α-syn in CSF was negatively correlated with Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations and positively correlated with P-tau and T-tau concentrations ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of concentrations of α-syn in CSF predicting POD was 0.895, Youden index was 0.664, sensitivity was 80.00%, and specificity was 86.36% ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The concentration of α-syn in CSF is related to the occurrence of POD, and it provides higher accuracy in predicting POD.

Objective:To evaluate the changes in proteome in hippocampus and bioinformatics analysis in mice with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND).Methods:Clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 15 months, weighing 30-35 g, were divided into 2 groups ( n=9 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and group PND.The model of PND was established by performing open tibial fracture with intramedullary fixation under isoflurane anesthesia in anesthetized mice.The Morris water maze test, open field test and fear conditioning test were performed at 1 day before operation and at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation.At 1, 3 and 7 days after operation, 3 mice with worst cognitive performance in each cognitive function assessments were sacrificed in group P, and three mice were randomly sacrificed in group C. The hippocampal tissues were then obtained, the expression of differentially expressed proteins was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to analyze the differentially expressed proteins. Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency at different time points was significantly prolonged, and the percentage of time spend on target quadrant and the percentage of freezing time in fear conditioning test were decreased in group P ( P<0.05). There were 21 differentially expressed proteins, of which 12 proteins showed up-regulated expression and 9 proteins showed down-regulated expression.The GO functional analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins were involved in the process such as the metabolism, signal transmission, regulation of biological processes, formed cell components such as synapses and organelles, and were related to molecular function such as binding and transportation.KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that there were also differences in MAPK signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway and the transport of SNARE protein in vesicle and etc. Conclusion:There are 21 differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus of PND mice, and these proteins are involved in the pathophysiological process probably related to PND such as neuroinflammatory responses, abnormal synaptic structure, mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased autophagy.

Objective:To explore the status of HIV infection, time trends and related factors of MSM in Harbin from 2009 to 2018 and provide evidences for comprehensive prevention and control strategies of MSM HIV/AIDS.Methods:From April to July during 2009-2018, continuous cross-sectional studies were conducted on MSM recruited through snowball sampling. The unified questionnaire was used to collect demographic, behavioral, and serological information. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the Joinpoint 4.8.0.1 software was applied to the annual percent change (APC) for time trends analysis using the Joinpoint regression model.Results:A total of 4 813 MSM were surveyed in Harbin from 2009 to 2018. The overall HIV antibody positive rate was 11.3 % ( 543/4 813). Joinpoint regression analysis showed that there was an increase in the HIV antibody positive rate from 2009 to 2015, while the segmentation point was in 2015 ( Z=4.2, P<0.05) but, there was a decrease from 2015 to 2018( Z=-1.3, P=0.3). The positive rate of syphilis antibody was 12.9% (621/4 813). There was a decrease in the positive rate of syphilis antibodies from 2009 to 2013 ( Z=-2.8 ,P<0.05). There was a decrease in the positive rate of syphilis antibodies from 2013 to 2018 ( Z=-0.7, P=0.5). Results from multiple logistic aggression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with the prevalence of HIV infection including network recruitment (a OR=1.307, 95% CI: 1.057-1.617), age 30 and above (a OR=1.905, 95% CI: 1.235-2.939) and syphilis antibody positive (a OR=4.728, 95% CI: 3.751-5.961). Protective factors appeared: knowledge of HIV/AIDS (a OR=0.598, 95% CI: 0.433-0.825) and consistent use of condom during anal sex in the past six months (a OR=0.683, 95% CI: 0.550-0.850). Conclusions:The HIV antibody positive rate peaked in 2015 among MSM in Harbin from 2009 to 2018, first increased and then decreased. The positive rate of syphilis antibody showed a decreasing trend. Intervention models based on social media software, age 30 and above and syphilis antibody-positive need to be explored. It also promotes condom use and referral for syphilis among MSM.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of esophageal pressure (Pes) calibration by the esophageal balloon pressure-volume (P-V) curve during assisted mechanical ventilation.Methods:A prospective study was conducted. The postoperative patients admitted to intensive care unit of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2017 to January 2019 who needed pressure support ventilation by tracheal intubation and Pes monitoring with stable breath were enrolled. The Pes monitoring was performed by the esophageal balloon with a small geometric volume (2.8 mL). ① Balloon volume tests of esophageal balloon were performed by inflating intermittently 0.5 mL increments up to 2.5 mL, the end-expiratory and end-inspiratory Pes were recorded to obtain end-expiratory and end-inspiratory P-V curves. The intermediate section in end-expiatory P-V curve that showed linear correlation was identified (as intermediate linear section), whose volume range was balloon working volume ( Vwork) and slope was esophageal wall elastance (Ees), the balloon volume with the largest difference between end-expiratory and end-inspiratory Pes was the best balloon volume ( Vbest), and the product of Ees and Vbest was esophageal wall recoil pressure reacting to balloon filling. To minimize the effect of esophageal wall on Pes, the calibrated Pes was the difference of Pes and esophageal wall recoil pressure. The consistency of calibrated Pes obtained by balloon volume at Vbset and other Vwork were analyzed. ② For the convenience of clinical application, a simplified method was introduced to calibrate Pes. Based on all Vwork of patients located in 0.5-1.5 mL, the difference of end-expiratory Pes between balloon volume at 0.5 mL and 1.5 mL divided by 1.0 mL was used to estimate Ees, and the Pes among 0.5-1.5 mL was calibrated by Ees obtained by the simple method. The consistency of calibrated Pes obtained by the simple method and standard method were observed. Results:Totally 30 patients were enrolled, all end-expiratory and end-inspiratory P-V curves existed the intermediate linear section, the calibrated Pes at Vwork did not increase with the balloon being inflated and had a good consistency with the calibrated Pes at Vbest, mean difference and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was -0.02 (-1.50-1.50) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O = 0.098 kPa). The Ees and calibrated Pes estimated by the simple method had a good agreement with the standard method, mean difference and 95% CI was -0.2 (-1.0-0.6) cmH 2O/mL and 0.2 (-1.1-1.4) cmH 2O, respectively. Conclusions:During assisted mechanical ventilation, the use of a small geometric volume esophageal balloon to monitor Pes and balloon P-V curve to calibrate Pes is feasible. The simple method can be used for simplifying clinical application, that's only by monitoring Pes at balloon volume at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mL to evaluate the Ees and calibrate Pes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for women with advanced gestational age but normal measurement for nuchal translucency (NT). METHODS: A total of 9371 singleton pregnancies with negative NT screening at early pregnancy were reviewed. Among these, 8627 cases were selected to be screened again by NIPT, and their indications and results were analyzed. The results were compared with those of with other high risk factors and young gestational age. RESULTS: The incidence of fetal aneuploidies increased in women with advanced gestational age and ultrasound soft markers, in particular among those who were negative for NT screening but over the age of 37. The detection rate of pathological or likely pathological copy number variations was 1.88% among women who directly underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis because of the advanced age, but there was no correlation with the increase of age. 0.68% of the women where with negative NT screening and NIPT still need to undergo invasive prenatal diagnosis. CONCLUSION After NT screening in early pregnancy, NIPT can replace invasive prenatal diagnosis for those below the age of 37, though there is still a possibility of missed detection of pathogenic copy number variation. It is necessary to strengthen ultrasonic monitoring in later period.