ObjectiveTo investigate the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids and its relationship with the type Ⅰ interferon （IFN-Ⅰ） signaling pathway. MethodThe effects of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the intracellular replication of influenza A virus （H1N1）， vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV）， and cerebral myocarditis virus （EMCV） were detected by fluorescent inverted microscope， flow cytometry， Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and Western blot. A mouse model infected with H1N1 was constructed， and the mice were divided into a control group， H1N1 model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids groups （10， 20， 30 mg·kg^-1）， and oseltamivir group （40 mg·kg^-1）， so as to study the effects on the weight and survival rate of infected mice. Real-time PCR was used to detect the activation effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids on the IFN-Ⅰ pathway in cells， and the relationship between the antiviral effect of Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids in IFNAR1 knockout A549 cells （IFNAR1^-/--A549） and IFN-Ⅰ pathway was detected. ResultCompared with the control group， the virus proliferated significantly in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids could significantly inhibit the replication of H1N1， VSV， and EMCV in vitro （P<0.01）， inhibit the weight loss of the mice infected with the H1N1 in vivo， and improve the survival rate of mice （P<0.05）. In addition， Menispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids activated the IFN-I pathway and relied on this pathway to exert the function of antiviral infection. ConclusionMenispermi Rhizoma total alkaloids exert antiviral effects in vivo and in vitro by activating the IFN-Ⅰ pathway.

Objective:To explore the effects of an intervention strategy based on dyadic illness management theory on dyadic coping level, supportive care needs, and patients' disease symptoms with chemotherapy-stage ovarian cancer patients and their spouses, and to provide reference for improving their disease coping ability and quality of life.Methods:This study used the method of randomized controlled trial. Seventy pairs of ovarian cancer patients and their spouses who received regular chemotherapy and their spouses from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected using convenience sampling method. They were assigned to the control group (36 pairs) and the observation group (36 pairs) by the random number table method. Participants in the control group received routine nursing care and the observation group received the intervention strategy of dyadic illness management theory. Data were collected and compared the differences in dyadic coping levels, care needs, and disease symptoms between two groups of patients and their spouses before intervention (before chemotherapy) and after intervention (after the end of the chemotherapy cycle). SPSS 20.0 software was used for analysis, and t-tests, χ2 tests, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the two groups. Results:Finally, 36 pairs were included in the control group and 34 pairs in the observation group. The age of the control group patients was (52.03 ± 9.44) years old, while that of the observation group patients was (53.41 ± 10.14) years old. After the intervention, the total score of dyadic coping level in the patients and their spouses of the observation group were (113.50 ± 8.03), (114.62 ± 10.59) points, respectively, which were higher than (106.64 ± 10.06), (108.78 ± 10.89) points of the control group with significant differences ( t=-3.14, -2.27, both P<0.05); the total score of care needs in the patients and their spouses of the observation group were (89.65 ± 8.29), (95.12 ± 7.25) points, respectively, which were lower than (100.25 ± 10.82), (110.11 ± 7.58) points of the control group with significant differences ( t=4.58, 8.45, both P<0.001); the total score of disease symptoms in the patients of the observation group was (20.09 ± 4.70) points, which was lower than (31.53 ± 6.08) points of the control group with significant differences ( t=8.77, P<0.001). Conclusions:The model of dyadic illness management can improve dyadic coping level and supportive care needs of chemotherapy-stage ovarian cancer patients and their spouses, and alleviate patients′ disease symptoms.

Objective:To explore the different reaction patterns among family caregivers of patients with advanced gynecological malignancies, and to analyze the influencing factors of different profiles.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 family caregivers of patients with advanced gynecological malignancies from Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Shanghai from January 2022 to December 2022. Data were collected by Caregiver Reaction Assessment, Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Family Member Form and Perceived Social Support Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to explore the different reaction patterns among family caregivers of patients with advanced gynecological malignancies. The influencing factors of caregiver reaction were identified by multivariate Logistic regression.Results:Totally 208 questionnaires were effectively collected. The family caregivers among patients with advanced gynecological malignancies included 163 males and 45 females, aged (53.89 ± 12.61) years old. The reaction characteristics of 208 family caregivers among patients with advanced gynecological malignancies were divided into three categories: low burden and high benefit group (24.5%, 51/208), moderate burden and benefit group (30.8%, 64/208), and high burden and low benefit group (44.7%, 93/208). Compared to the low burden and high benefit group, caregivers with lower levels of social support were more likely to be classified as moderate burden and benefit group, high burden and low benefit group ( OR = 0.563, 0.407, both P<0.01). Caregivers with moderate burden and benefit group, high burden and low benefit group had higher levels of disease uncertainty ( OR = 1.328, 2.064, both P<0.01). The caregiver′s age, monthly family income, education level, and co-caregivers were also influencing factors regarding to care reaction among family caregivers of patients with advanced gynecological malignancies ( OR values were 0.207-6.422, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The care reaction of family caregivers among patients with advanced gynecological malignancies has obvious categorical features. Healthcare professionals should implement targeted nursing interventions according to their reaction characteristics, so as to reduce the care burden of family caregivers and improve the quality of care for patients with advanced gynecological malignancies.

Nitroxide radicals are a kind of stable organic free radicals.Due to the presence of N-O·and unpaired electrons in its structure,it has many characteristics,and thus can be used as a spin marker to explore the mechanism of biological reactions;with its magnetic properties,it can be used for the development of multifunctional magnetic molecular materials and used as a polymerization inhibitor and catalyst in organic reactions.More importantly,it has a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidation and anti-tumor,and so has attracted much attention in the research and development of new drugs.For example,the spin labeling of nitroxide radicals on anticancer drug podophyllotoxin can enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity,and can be easily to be absorbed by the body,thus obtaining a new anti-cancer drug 4-[4″-(2″,2″,6″,6″-tetramethyl-1″-piperidinyloxy nitroxide radical)amino]-4′-demethyl epipodophyllotoxin(GP-7).It is an effective way to seek new drugs by introducing pharmacophore to modify nitroxide radicals or it can be spin-labeled on active natural products to obtain new compounds with high efficiency and low toxicity.The research progress of derivatives and its biological activitives of nitroxide radicals are summarized,aiming to provide theoretical basis for the developing and utilizing of nitroxide radicals and searching for new drugs.

Objective To assess the effect of different postoperative body positions on respiratory func-tion of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia with interscalene brachial plex-us block.Methods Seventy patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of the supraspinatus tendon were ran-domly allocated to a supine position group and a group with a 30° head elevation.Patients in both groups were in a horizontal position before anesthesia,and diaphragm movement was measured under B-ultrasound as baseline.Promptly after removal of the endotracheal tube upon arrival at the anesthe-sia recovery room,the supine group was conducted blood gas analysis,and monitored heart rate,res-piration,non-invasive arterial blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation,wearing a mask for oxygen supplementation,while the group with a 30° head elevation was given identical nursing procedures af-ter the bed's head was elevated 30°.Then right after entering the anesthesia recovery room,as well as 5 and 15 minutes after deoxygenation,the oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2)and percutaneous oxygen saturation(SpO2)were recorded and compared between the two groups.Moreover,the diaphragmatic movements during deep breathing before nerve block and pri-or to discharge from the anesthesia recovery room were measured,and such adverse reactions as hypox-emia,labored breathing and glossoptosis were observed.Results Compared with the supine position group,a significant increase in the average PaO2 and SpO2 15 minutes after deoxygenation,diaphrag-matic movement during deep breathing and comfort was observed in the group with a 30° head eleva-tion,but a significant decrease in the incidence of postoperative laboured breathing and glossoptosis.However,no significant differences were found between the two groups in the incidence of hypoxemia and the average PaO2,PaCO2 and SpO2 immediately after entering the anesthesia recovery room and 5 minutes after deoxygenation.Conclusion Elevating the head of the bed by 30° enhances respiratory function in patients undergoing shoulder surgery with general anesthesia intubation and intermuscular groove brachial plexus block,compared to the supine position.Although no significant reduction in hy-poxemia incidence is observed,there is a notable relief of adverse reactions such as laboured breath-ing and glossoptosis,which makes patients feel more comfortable.Therefore,such posture care is wor-thy of application in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the potential category characteristics of self-management behavior in patients with lung cancer based on potential profile analysis,and to analyze the characteristic differences and influencing factors of self-management behavior in patients with different categories of lung cancer.Methods A total of 260 patients with lung cancer who had completed the main treatment program and were about to enter the follow-up period in a tertiary A general hospital in Zhejiang Province from July 2022 to May 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method as the investigation subjects.General Information Questionnaire,Lung Cancer Survivor Self-management Behavior Assessment Scale,Strategies Used by People to Promote Health,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used for investigation.Potential profile analysis was used to explore the potential categories of self-management behavior in lung cancer patients and analyze its influencing factors.Results 252 patients were finally included.The results of potential profile analysis showed that lung cancer patients'self-management behavior could be divided into 3 potential categories,namely low self-management behavior-low emotion management group(11.90％),medium self-management behavior-low resource management group(45.24％),and high self-management behavior-low hope management group(42.86％).Logistic regression analysis showed that education level,previous surgery,tumor stage,anxiety level,depression level,self-efficacy level and social support level were the influencing factors of lung cancer patients'self-management behavior(P＜0.05).Conclusion The self-management behavior of lung cancer patients is at a moderate level,and there are obvious classification characteristics.It is suggested that medical staff should carry out personalized intervention measures according to the characteristics of self-management behavior of patients of various categories,so as to improve the level of self-management behavior of lung cancer survivors.

Objective:To estimate the influence of metabolic parameters in 18F-FDG PET/CT and clinically relevant indicators on the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. Methods:A total of 174 patients with cervical cancer (age (53.6±11.1) years) who underwent baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT examination in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from May 2011 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected. Metabolic parameters (metabolic tumor volume of primary lesion (MTV p), total lesion glycolysis of primary lesion (TLG p), MTV sum of total lesions (MTV total) in the whole body, TLG sum of total lesions (TLG total)) and clinical parameters (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, tumor maximum diameter ( Dmax), et al) were collected. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method were performed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive values of those parameters. Results:The follow-up time was 6-120 months, during which 52 patients (29.9%, 52/174) developed progression. The 5-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 83.3%(145/174), 70.1%(122/174), 75.3%(131/174) and 82.8%(144/174), respectively. Cox regression showed that FIGO stage and MTV total were independent factors for predicting PFS, OS and LC (hazard ratio ( HR): 1.005-11.605, all P<0.05). FIGO stage and TLG total were independent factors for predicting DMFS ( HR: 1.002-12.258, all P<0.05). Conclusion:MTV total and FIGO stage are effective predictors of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign from malignant endometrial lesions and assessing the extent of myometrial invasion. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions at the authors’ hospital were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound examination and CEUS were performed for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the CEUS results, an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) disease grade was assigned and compared with pathological findings. Results: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a key clinical manifestation of endometrial carcinoma. Among the patients with endometrial carcinoma, compared with normal myometrium, the lesion areas exhibited a greater rate of rise (defined as enhanced intensity divided by enhancement time) and a shorter half-clearance time (P<0.05). These findings suggest that in endometrial carcinoma, the contrast agent displays a "fast-in/fast-out/hyperenhancement" perfusion pattern. In contrast, the characteristic perfusion pattern for benign endometrial lesions is low enhancement (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in detecting myometrial invasion was 88% (22 of 25 cases). Conclusion Transvaginal CEUS is a practical and effective diagnostic imaging method for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. It can also be used to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign from malignant endometrial lesions and assessing the extent of myometrial invasion. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions at the authors’ hospital were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound examination and CEUS were performed for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the CEUS results, an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) disease grade was assigned and compared with pathological findings. Results: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a key clinical manifestation of endometrial carcinoma. Among the patients with endometrial carcinoma, compared with normal myometrium, the lesion areas exhibited a greater rate of rise (defined as enhanced intensity divided by enhancement time) and a shorter half-clearance time (P<0.05). These findings suggest that in endometrial carcinoma, the contrast agent displays a "fast-in/fast-out/hyperenhancement" perfusion pattern. In contrast, the characteristic perfusion pattern for benign endometrial lesions is low enhancement (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in detecting myometrial invasion was 88% (22 of 25 cases). Conclusion Transvaginal CEUS is a practical and effective diagnostic imaging method for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. It can also be used to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign from malignant endometrial lesions and assessing the extent of myometrial invasion. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions at the authors’ hospital were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound examination and CEUS were performed for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the CEUS results, an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) disease grade was assigned and compared with pathological findings. Results: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a key clinical manifestation of endometrial carcinoma. Among the patients with endometrial carcinoma, compared with normal myometrium, the lesion areas exhibited a greater rate of rise (defined as enhanced intensity divided by enhancement time) and a shorter half-clearance time (P<0.05). These findings suggest that in endometrial carcinoma, the contrast agent displays a "fast-in/fast-out/hyperenhancement" perfusion pattern. In contrast, the characteristic perfusion pattern for benign endometrial lesions is low enhancement (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in detecting myometrial invasion was 88% (22 of 25 cases). Conclusion Transvaginal CEUS is a practical and effective diagnostic imaging method for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. It can also be used to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.