OBJECTIVE：To esta blish a method for si multaneous determination of 5 components in the branch and root of Juglans mandshurica as gallic acid ，ellagic acid ，1，6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，1，2，6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and 1，2，3， 6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，and to analyze the content difference of above 5 components between the branch and root samples. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column with mobile phase consisted of water （containing 0.2％ formic acid ）-acetonitrile （containing 0.2％ formic acid ）. A gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 270 nm. The sample size was 5 μL. Independent samples t-test and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）were applied for statistical analysis of 5 components. RESULTS ：The linear range of gallic acid ，ellagic acid ，1，6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，1，2， 6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and 1，2，3，6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose were 0.989-63.3，1.58-101，1.01-64.7，3.31-212，3.34-214 μg/mL （r≥0.997 3），respectively. RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests （12 h）were all lower than 3.2％. The average recoveries of the 5 components were 103.2％（RSD＝4.85％），99.1％（RSD＝2.80％），101.5％（RSD＝1.31％），102.9％（RSD＝ 2.73％）and 104.7％（RSD＝1.28％），respectively. The average contents of the above components in the branch of J. mandshurica were 0.296 5，0.621 1，0.562 5，3.111 7 and 3.451 3 mg/g，respectively. The average contents of above components in the root were 0.673 4，2.755 5，0.964 0，2.946 6 and 4.836 4 mg/g，respectively. The total contents of the 5 components in the branch and roo t of J. mandshurica were 8.043 2 and 12.175 9 mg/g，respectively. The contents of gallic acid ，ellagic acid and 1，6-di-O-galloyl- β-D-glucose in roots were significantly higher than those in branches （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. There were no significant differences in the contents of the other 2 components and the total contents of the 5 components in branches and roots （P＞0.05）. The cumulative interpretability （R 2X，R 2Y） and cumulative predictability （Q 2） of the model established by PLS-DA were 0.943，0.745，and 0.710 respectively. The model load diagram showed that the distance between the ellagic acid and the origin was the farthest ，and only variable projection importance of the content of the ellagic acid was greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS：The established method can be used for the content determination of 5 components in the branch and root of J. mandshurica . Except for 1，2，6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose，the contents of other 4 components and total contents of the 5 components in the root of J. mandshurica are higher than those of the branch. Ellagic acid is selected as the potential marker for discriminating the branch and root samples.

The literature was analyzed on the improvement of motor sensory function, urination and defecation in myelitis treated with acupuncture and moxibustion and focused on the characteristics of the diagnosis and treatment. The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for myelitis was collected from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed. The analysis included the characteristics of acupoint selection, methods of acupuncture and moxibustion, time of treatment, total treatment period, efficacy, follow-up, safety, etc. Totally, 26 articles were collected. The combined therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion was predominated (12/26, 46. 15%). For the motor and sensory impairment, the acupoints were mainly selected from the four limbs, the yangming meridians of hand and foot and those adjacent to the affected spinal segments and on the governor vessel as well as Jiaji (EX-B 2) points. For urinary impairment, the acupoints were selected mainly from the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the lumbosacral region on the bladder meridian. For the intestinal impairment, the acupoints were from the lower limb on the stomach meridian, the lower abdominal region on the conception vessel and the back points on the bladder meridian. The intervention started commonly in the first 3 months after onset. The total treatment period was in the range from 1 to 3 months. The efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion was 69.19% to 82.56% for the improvement of motor sensory and urination, defecation function. The efficacy in follow-up was stable and the adverse reactions were not reported. It is viewed that on the basis of early diagnosis and active medication, acupuncture and moxibution achieve a certain of efficacy on the impairment of motor sensory function, urination and defecation. A clinical research is expected to further verify the efficacy.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Defecation ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Moxibustion ; Myelitis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urination

Objective To investigate clinic value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) in indentifying benign salivary gland mass through measuring tissue elastic properties of the benign mass in salivary gland.Methods Seventy-four patients with benign salivary gland mass were enrolled.All of them have been obtained the average elasticity modulus of the mass by SWE before surgery,including parotid mixed tumor (22),parotid adenolymphoma (13) and sub maxillary gland mixed tumor (6),adenolymphoma (33).Statistical analysis was done between groups.Results The average elasticity modulus in parotid mixed tumor group and sub maxillary gland mixed tumor group exhibited (133.53 ± 3.35)kPa and (125.57 ± 2.89)kPa respectively.The average elasticity modulus in parotid aden lymphoma group and sub maxillary gland adenolymphoma group exhibited (65.60 ± 2.33)kPa and (64.60 ± 1.93)kPa respectively.There was no significant difference between mixed tumor group and there was no significant difference between adenolymphoma group.There were significant differences between mixed tumor group and adenolymphoma group.ConcLusions The SWE can distinguish salivary gland benign mass from different originates,which can provide more evidence for clinical diagnosis.

The roots, barks, branches and pericarps of Juglans mandshurica were used as folk medicine in China and reputed for its treatment of several cancers, such as gastric cancer, liver cancer and leukemia. The extracts of the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of J. mandshurica have been experimentally proved to show anti-tumor activities. Tannins, which exhibited antioxidant and anti-tumor activities, were the main constituents in J. mandshurica. In this paper, a simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of total tannins in the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of J. mandshurica collected in Dalian and Anshan of Liaoning Province. Gallic acid was used as standard compound and the content of total tannins was calculated as gallic acid equivalent. As a result of the method validation, a good linearity (r = 0.9997, n = 5) and a high recovery of gallic acid (99.02%, RSD 3.7%, n = 9) was achieved. Eight samples including four parts of J. mandshurica collected in two places were analyzed for their total tannins with the established method. In the corresponding parts of J. mandshurica, except the pericarps, the contents of total tannins showed no significant difference between samples collected in Dalian and Anshan, while the content of total tannins in different parts of J. mandshurica were significantly different. The average content of total tannins in the roots, branches, leaves and pericarps of samples collected in Dalian and Anshan was 45.66, 23.40, 58.24, 3.58 mg g(-1), respectively.
Juglans ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tannins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the content determination of paprazine in Polygonum orientale, and provide a new evaluation index for the quality control for P. orientale.

METHODHPLC was carried out on Agilent C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with methanol-water (40:60) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the wavelength of UV detector was set at 290 nm.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear in the range of 0. 038-0.190 microg (r = 0.9999). The average recovery was 98.7% with the RSD of 2.36%.

CONCLUSIONThe method appears to be simple, accurate and reproducible, it can be used to determine the content of paprazine in P. orientale.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish the method for determining simultaneously eight kinds of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb3 and Rd and their contents in Shizhu ginseng.

METHODHPLC was carried out on Agilent TC-C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with acetonitrile -0.05% phosphoric acid, gradient elution, the volume of flow 1 mL x min(-1), column temperature 30 degrees C and detection wavelength 203 nm.

RESULTThe contents of eight kinds of ginsenosides in Shizhu ginseng were 1.32, 2.08, 0.72, 0. 24, 2.12, 1.06, 0.35, 0.55 mg x g(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of ginsenoside ingredients in Shizhu ginseng were determined in the first time. The established method can be used in determining the contents of multiple gensenosides in herb ginseng simultaneously.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Linear Models ; Panax ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo establish the HPLC fingerprint method of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis before and after processed by choosing taxifolin as reference to compare the changes of chemical composition.

METHODHPLC method was emplyed with a gradient elution phase in a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength of 270 nm.

RESULTTwenty marker peaks were marked out in the raw samples and 33 marker peaks in the processed product. Methodology met was consistent with the requirement, similarity was exceeded 0.9.

CONCLUSIONThis method is stationary, precise and feasible, which provide references of quality control for Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Reference Standards ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

Objective To assess the feasibility of adenoviral vectors mediate cochlear gene transfer by postau-ricular microinjection through the round window membrane in mouse. Methods Twelve 5-week old C57BL/6J mice were selected for the study: 8 were implanted with Ad-EGFP by postauricular microinjection through the round window membrane, and 4 with artificial perilymphatic fluid. On postoperative days 5 and 14, the animals were sac-rificed and the surface preparation of cochleae was observed. Results Two animals died after operation. Bright green fluorescence in the cochleae was observed in Ad- EGFP groups. Gene expression on day 14 after operation was higher than that on day 5. However, the control group was free of fluorescence. Oonclusion The postauricular route of the cochlear gene transfer in mice is simple to operate with little side-effect. The technique of transgenic delivery into the inner ear through RWM by mieroinjection is feasible and effective.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the quality assessment of traditional Chinese liquid medicine-Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.METHODS:The description and the physicochemical identification of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis were carried out;the contents of the extractives were determined and the chemical composition of which was studied.The quality of commercial Fructus Polygoni Orientalis medicinal substances from15nationwide areas was investigated.RESULTS:The results showed that the content of the preparation was higher than that of the raw material in the water soluble extractive assaying;the content of the alcohol-soluble extractive was the opposite.Meletin was found to be contained in the Fructus Polygoni Orien?talis acetic ether extraction liquid by the TLC identification.There was only half maturing rate for most of the commercial Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.CONCLUSION:This method can be used as a reference for the quality assessment of Fructus Polygoni Orientalis.

"Congbai", fistular onion bulb, a Chinese herbal drug, was systematically studied in such aspects as botanical morphology, macroscopical characters, histology and so on. Scientific basis was provided to draw up the standard of identifying "Congbai".