OBJECTIVE To screen the primary processing methods of Ligusticum sinense slice based on differential metabolites， and provide theoretical basis for the scientific processing of L. sinense. METHODS Using 13 groups of L. sinense slice processed by fresh-cutting or traditional methods as samples， UHPLC-QE-MS was employed for metabolite identification. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to screen differential metabolites among the 13 sample groups， analyzing the effects of washing， soaking， drying methods， and drying cycles on both the relative expressions of differential metabolites and the contents of carboxylic acids and their derivatives in the samples （to reflect the total amino acid content）. RESULTS Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis both showed significant intergroup differences among the 13 sample groups. A total of 688 differential metabolites were screened from the 13 sample groups， with carboxylic acids and their derivatives showing the highest proportion. The relative expression levels of phosphatidylcholine significantly increased after washing treatment， while tryptophan expression significantly decreased after soaking treatment. Samples dried at 50-60 ℃ showed significantly increased expression of psoralen， whereas those dried at 40 ℃ showed significantly decreased expression of methyl -p- methoxycinnamate. Both washing and soaking treatments significantly reduced the total amino acid content in samples， while secondary drying significantly increased it. The three controlled-temperature drying methods maintained relatively stable total content of amino acids in samples. CONCLUSIONS The optimal processing protocol for L. sinense slice is as follows: fresh L. sinense slice should be freshly cut at the production site， undergo quick washing after soil removal， and be dried twice at 40 ℃ （before and after slicing）.

Objective To explore the value of combined detection of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2),neuron specific enolase(NSE)and S-100 calcium binding protein β(S-100β)in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of acute cerebral infarction(ACI)in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning(CMP).Methods A total of 102 patients with CMP complicated with ACI admitted to the hospital from Jan-uary 2020 to November 2021 were selected as the study group,meanwhile,102 patients with simple CMP were enrolled as the control group.Patients in the study group were followed up for 6 months after discharge,ac-cording to the follow-up results,they were grouped into good prognosis group(60 cases)and poor prognosis group(42 cases).The serum levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the value of the combination of serum Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of patients with CMP and ACI.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the study group were obviously higher(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of the combined detection of serum Lp-PLA2、NSE、S-100β for the diagnosis of CMP complicat-ed with ACI was greater than the AUC of single detection of each indicator(P<0.001).Compared with the good prognosis group,the levels of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in the poor prognosis group were obviously higher(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the combined detection of ser-um Lp-PLA2、NSE、S-100β for the prognosis of patients with CMP complicated with ACI was greater than the AUC of single detection of each indicator(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of Lp-PLA2,NSE and S-100β in serum of patients with CMP complicated with ACI is high,and the combined detection of the three has certain value in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for patients with CMP complicated with ACI.

Objective:To investigate the current status of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in China, and to provide supporting data and reference for the development of endoscopic treatment.Methods:In this study, initiated by the Liver Health Consortium in China (CHESS), a questionnaire was designed and distributed online to investigate the basic condition of endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension in 2022 in China. Questions included annual number and indication of endoscopic procedures, adherence to guideline for preventing esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB), management and timing of emergent EGVB, management of gastric and isolated varices, and improvement of endoscopic treatment. Proportions of hospitals concerning therapeutic choices to all participant hospitals were calculated. Guideline adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals were compared by using Chi-square test.Results:A total of 836 hospitals from 31 provinces (anotomous regions and municipalities) participated in the survey. According to the survey, the control of acute EGVB (49.3%, 412/836) and the prevention of recurrent bleeding (38.3%, 320/836) were major indications of endoscopic treatment. For primary [non-selective β-blocker (NSBB) or endoscopic therapies] and secondary prophylaxis (NSBB and endoscopic therapies) of EGVB, adherence to domestic guideline was 72.5% (606/836) and 39.2% (328/836), respectively. There were significant differences in the adherence between secondary and tertiary hospitals in primary prophylaxis of EGVB [71.0% (495/697) VS 79.9% (111/139), χ2=4.11, P=0.033] and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB [41.6% (290/697) VS 27.3% (38/139), χ2=9.31, P=0.002]. A total of 78.2% (654/836) hospitals preferred endoscopic therapies treating acute EGVB, and endoscopic therapy was more likely to be the first choice for treating acute EGVB in tertiary hospitals (82.6%, 576/697) than secondary hospitals [56.1% (78/139), χ2=46.33, P<0.001]. The optimal timing was usually within 12 hours (48.5%, 317/654) and 12-24 hours (36.9%, 241/654) after the bleeding. Regarding the management of gastroesophageal varices type 2 and isolated gastric varices type 1, most hospitals used cyanoacrylate injection in combination with sclerotherapy [48.2% (403/836) and 29.9% (250/836), respectively], but substantial proportions of hospitals preferred clip-assisted therapies [12.4% (104/836) and 26.4% (221/836), respectively]. Improving the skills of endoscopic doctors (84.2%, 704/836), and enhancing the precision of pre-procedure evaluation and quality of multidisciplinary team (78.9%, 660/836) were considered urgent needs in the development of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion:A variety of endoscopic treatments for gastroesophageal varices in portal hypertension are implemented nationwide. Participant hospitals are active to perform emergent endoscopy for acute EGVB, but are inadequate in following recommendations regarding primary and secondary prophylaxis of EGVB. Moreover, the selection of endoscopic procedures for gastric varices differs greatly among hospitals.

The health effects associated with environmental pollutants remain one of the major public health issues at present. The research method focusing on the population as the research subjects is limited by reliable cohorts, and the research method targeting individual molecules cannot fully reflect the biological health effects under environmental pollutant stress. Using high-throughput multi-omics, machine learning, and epigenetic detection to conduct targeted research and joint analysis on cells, organoids, organs, animals, and humans in different biological dimensions will help provide data support for the study of potential targets and biological effects of environmental pollutants, providing a theoretical basis for the risk assessment and safety evaluation of environmental pollutants.

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary abnormal movements or postures due to sustained or intermittent muscle contractions. In recent years, rapid progress has been achieved in the genetics of this disease, leading to an in-depth understanding of common genes and phenotypes related to dystonia. GNAO1 is one of the genes closely associated with dystonia. GNAO1 gene, nevertheless, remains largely unknown to most clinicians. This article reviews the molecular genetic features, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of GNAO1 gene-associated dystonia, thereby increasing the knowledge of clinicians about GNAO1 gene-associated dystonia and preventing underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinical practice.

The efficacy of HPV vaccine in preventing cervical cancer has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials and clinical uses. The follow-up after clinical trials usually last for 5-6 years to evaluate the long-term efficacy, and a series of long-term follow-up studies have been conducted in some regions. The literature retrieval of HPV vaccine long term efficiency research both at home and abroad indicated that the protective efficacy of the vaccine against vaccine-type-related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and above is higher than 90%.
Humans ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses ; Biomedical Research ; Papillomavirus Vaccines

Granzyme exists in the cytotoxic granules and belongs to a highly homologous serine protease family. Granzyme is synthesized and released from natural killer cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes. It induces multiple programmed death with the participation of perforin and is an important medium for immune cells to exert anti-tumor effects. This article reviews the granzyme-mediated tumor cell death and the relationship between granzyme and kinds of ways of cell apoptosis, in order to provide new theoretical basis and therapeutic strategies for tumor therapy.

To evaluate right atrial ( RA ) structure and function of different left ventricular geometry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( OSAS ) by real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography ( RT‐3DE) . Methods One hundred and ninety‐nine patients with habitual snoring were diagnosed as OSAS by polysomnography with apnea hypopnea index ≥ 5/h . Fifty gender ,age matching healthy people were selected as control group . Blood pressure and general clinical characteristics were collected and echocardiography was performed next morning . On the basis of left ventricular mass index , relative wall thickness ,left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ,patients were divided into 6 groups :normal geometry ( NG) ,concentric remodeling ( CR) ,eccentric non dilated hypertrophy ( ND‐EH ) ,concentric non dilated hypertrophy ( ND‐CH ) ,eccentric dilated hypertrophy ( D‐EH ) ,and concentric dilated hypertrophy ( D‐CH) .Full volume images at apical four‐chamber view were collected . Right atrial volume‐time curve , RA maximum volume ( RAVmax ) , RA minimum volume ( RAVmin ) , RA pre‐contraction volume ( RAVpre‐a) were analyzed with QLab workstation . Following parameters including RA total emptying volume ( RA TotEV ) , RA total emptying fraction ( RA TotEF ) , RA passive emptying volume ( RA PassEV ) ,RA passive emptying fraction ( RA PassEF) ,RA active emptying volume ( RA ActEV ) ,RA active emptying fraction ( RA ActEF) were calculated . All structural parameters were corrected by BSA . Results①RA structural parameters :compared with control and NG groups ,RAVmax ,RAVmin ,RAVmin/BSA , RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐EH ,ND‐CH and D‐( CH+ EH) groups ( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐EH ,ND‐CH and D‐( CH + EH ) groups , RAVmax , RAVmax/BSA , RAVmin , RAVmin/BSA , RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH ) groups( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control , NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RAVmax ,RAVmax/BSA ,RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in ND‐CH ,D‐( CH+EH) groups ,RAVmin and RAVmin/BSA were increased in D‐( CH+ EH ) group ( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control ,NG ,CR ,ND‐EH and ND‐CH groups ,RAVpre‐a and RAVpre‐a/BSA were increased in D‐( CH + EH ) group ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) . ② RA reservoir function parameters :compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RA TotEV was increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+ EH ) groups ( P ＜0 .05 ) . Compared with control ,NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RA TotEV was increased in D‐( CH + EH ) group ( P＜0 .05) . ③ RA conduit function parameters :compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RA PassEF was decreased in ND‐EH ,ND‐CH and D‐( CH + EH ) groups ,RA PassEV was decreased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH) groups( P ＜0 .05) . Compared with control ,NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RA PassEV was decreased in D‐( CH+EH) group ,RA PassEF was decreased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+ EH ) groups ( P ＜0 .05) . ④ RA pump function parameters :compared with control ,NG and CR groups ,RA ActEF were increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH) groups ( P ＜0 .05 ) ; Compared with control ,NG ,CR and ND‐EH groups ,RA ActEV was increased in ND‐CH and D‐( CH+EH) groups ( P ＜0 .05) . Conclusions Different left ventricular geometric patterns have different RA structure and function in OSAS ,patients with ND‐CH and D‐( CH + EH ) have worse RA structure and function . T he results of this study suggested that the clinical need to pay attention to the RA structure and function of OSAS patients with dilated LV H .

DNA methylation studies the natural modification of DNA that occurs when the nucleotide sequence is unchanged. At present, DNA methylation is used in the field of biomedicine to focus on the characteristics and regularity of disease-wide genome methylation and the DNA methylation biomarkers for disease. Based on the systematic review of DNA methylation research techniques, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current status of DNA methylation technology in basic research of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) syndromes, and a suggestion to screen the TCM syndrome biomarkers from whole genome DNA methylation is proposed.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of elderly patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and to analyze the risk factors of the kidney function progression. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The clinic data of elderly patients (≥60 years) with stable clinical manifestation in Beijing Hospital from January ,2014 to December ,2015 was collected.Based upon the eGFR derived from Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation ,all patients were divided into groups of CKD 3a group ,CKD 3b group and CKD 4 group ,respectively. Moreover ,patients were separated into the old group (＜ 80 years) and the very old group (≥80 years) based on the age. The demographic features ,primary diseases history ,body mass index (BMI) ,blood routine ,urine routine , blood biochemistry ,Cystatin C and iPTH were recorded.Logistic regression analysis of kidney function progression was also conducted. Results One-hundred and eighty-three cases were enrolled with a mean age of(80 ± 9)years.Along with the descent of kidney function ,the age ,levels of proteinuria and iPTH gradually ascended (F＝ 12.352 ,5.910 ,5.910 ;P＝ 0.000 ,0.003 ,0.003 ,respectively) and the BMI and serum albumin gradually descended (F＝9.758 ,11.088 ;P＝0.000 ,0.000 ,respectively).In addition ,compared to the old group ,very old group was associated with decreased level of eGFR [(37.1 ± 9.9) ml·min－1·1.73 m －2vs. (44.0 ± 12.0) ml·min－1·1.73 m －2,t＝ －4.280 ,P＝0.000] and increasedlevelofCystatinC[(1.71±0.84)mg/L vs. (1.40±0.69)mg/L ,t＝3.484 ,P＝0.001].The Logistic regression analysis indicated that the proteinuria was an independent risk factor for the progression of kidney function ( OR ＝3.856 ,P＝0.004). Conclusions As the gradually descended of the eGFR level in elderly patients with stage 3-4 CKD ,age ,proteinuria and iPTH gradually ascended ,BMI and serum albumin descended ,respectively. The level of eGFR decreased and CystatinC increased significantly with the increasing age. Proteinuria was an independent risk factor for progression of the kidney function.