Objective To investigate whether norepinephrine (NE) regulates the oxidative stress in human endom-etrial epithelial cells (hEECs) by activating nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase -1(HO-1) signal pathway.Methods Cultured hEECs were used.The expression of α and β adrenergic receptors was detec-ted by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay was applied to test the effect of NE on cell viability, then the cells were divided into Control group and NE treatment group, and the appropriate concentrations were chosen.The expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and zona occludens-1(ZO-1), apoptosis-related proteins apoptosis-related protein B-cell lymphoma-2 protein(Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associ-ated X protein(Bax) , antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1 were examined by Western blot.The apoptosis was de-tected by flow cytometry.The malonaldehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in the cell culture medium were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kit (ELISA).Results The mRNA expression of α1 a,α1 b,α2 a,α2 b,α2 c,β1, β3 was detected in the hEECs.After the NE treatment, no significant change in cell viability was observed in low concentration (5 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L) groups, while 15 μmol/L and 20μmol/L NE treatments for 6 h or 24 h promoted the cell viability significantly.The expression of ZO-1 and Occlu-din increased significantly in 15 μmol/L group after 24 h treatment, the expression of ZO-1 decreased in 6 h treat-ment group, significant down regulation was observed after 15 μmol/L NE application, the expression of Occludin increased in 6 h group.The cell apoptosis increased compared with the control group after NE stimulation, espe-cially a significantly increase in 6 h 15 μmol/L group was detected,while the fall in increased apoptosis was ob-served after 24 h treatment.The ration of Bcl-2/Bax>1.The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was elevated by NE.There was no obvious change in MDA level while significant elevation in SOD was detected in cell culture medium.Conclusion Nrf2/HO-1 signal is activated after application of NE to the hEECs, which may responsible for the upregulation of SOD, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effect in the hEECs.

Ferroptosis is a way of cell death with lipid peroxides as the core.Cells can reduce ferroptosis sensitivity by relying on glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)/glutathione(GSH)antioxidant systems.Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)cells are more dependent on the intracellular antioxidant mechanism than normal cells,thus induction of ferroptosis based on the GPX4/GSH system has shown bright anti-TNBC prospects.This paper reviews the recent research on TNBC treatment with ferroptosis in the background of GPX4/GSH,in order to provide references for the clinical treatment of TNBC.

Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) or CDDP combined with simvastatin has been widely used to treat patients with myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases in China. However, the effect of CDDP on hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis-induced heart failure is unknown. We constructed a new model of heart failure induced by hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and LDL receptor (LDLR) dual deficient (ApoE^-/-LDLR^-/-) mice and investigated the effect of CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin on the heart failure. CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin inhibited heart injury by multiple actions including anti-myocardial dysfunction and anti-fibrosis. Mechanistically, both Wnt and lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) pathways were significantly activated in mice with heart injury. Conversely, CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin inhibited Wnt pathway by markedly up-regulating expression of Wnt inhibitors. While the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress by CDDP were achieved by inhibiting KDM4A expression and activity. In addition, CDDP attenuated simvastatin-induced myolysis in skeletal muscle. Taken together, our study suggests that CDDP or CDDP plus a low dose of simvastatin can be an effective therapy to reduce hypercholesterolemia/atherosclerosis-induced heart failure.

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for the better implementation of National Drug Centralized Procurement Policy （hereinafter referred to as the“National Centralized Procurement Policy”）. METHODS：Based on the stakeholder theory， combining with literature research and interview research methods，the role orientation，interest demands and mutual relations of the main stakeholders involved in National Centralized Procurement Policy，such as government departments，pharmaceutical enterprises，medical institutions and patients were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Government departments include medical insurance department，health department，drug supervision department and other departments，which plan and lead the National Centralized Procurement Policy；their main interest demand is to ensure the orderly implementation of the policy，the rational use and supply guarantee of the selected varieties in clinic，etc. Pharmaceutical enterprises include pharmaceutical production enterprises and pharmaceutical circulation enterprises，which directly participate in the National Centralized Procurement Policy； the main interest demand of drug production enterprises is to ensure reasonable profits to support their product R&D and promote enterprise transformation；that of pharmaceutical circulation enterprises is to obtain the variety distribution right， so as to improve the market share of enterprises，expand the breadth and depth of marketing，and obtain operating profits，etc. As the main provider of medical services and drugs， medical institutions are responsible for implementing the selected category results of the National Centralized Procurement Policy；their main interest demand is to improve its own popularity and reputation. Patients are not only the demanders of medical services and drugs，but also the main beneficiaries of the reform of National Centralized Procurement Policy；their main interest demand is to reduce the drug burden and ensure that the drugs used are safe and effective. In order to better promote the National Centralized Procurement Policy，it is suggested to give play to the leading role of the government and promote the reform of“tripartite system reform”in coordination with other policies；optimize the drug procurement mechanism and guide the reasonable formation of market price；encourage enterprises to continuously improve the quality of varieties through generic drug consistency evaluation，and strengthen quality supervision.

Objective? To explore the correlation between preoperative cognitive function and anxiety and depression in patients with laryngocarcinoma. Methods? Totally 42 patients with laryngocarcinoma who were hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of 2 ClassⅢ Grade A Hospitals in Shanxi Province from September 2017 to September 2018 were selected into the observation group by convenient sampling, while 40 healthy volunteers were included in the control group. They were investigated with Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Results? The preoperative SAS and SDS scores of the observation group were (41.48±5.46) and (43.69±6.16) respectively, both higher than those of the control group (t=4.189, 6.234; P＜ 0.01); the preoperative MOCA score of the observation group was (22.90±4.13), lower than that of the control group (t=2.646, P＜ 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the laryngocarcinoma patients＇ anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with their cognitive function (r=-0.750, -0.660; P＜0.01). Conclusions? Compared with the healthy volunteers, the laryngocarcinoma patients are more susceptible to anxiety, depression and cognitive disorder. The severer their anxiety and depression, the poorer their overall cognitive function was.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease.Methods The data of ultrasonic diagnosis and follow-up of 338 children with Kawasaki disease complicated with coronary artery aneurysms were analyzed.Results The incidence of coronary artery aneurysm in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease was 21.2％ (338/1 594).Of all the 338 cases,small aneurysms was 66.6％ (225 cases),medium aneurysms was 25.1％ (85 cases),and giant aneurysms was 8.3％ (28 cases).There were 719 branches involved in 338 cases,32.8％ of them in left main coronary artery and 31.1％ in right coronary artery;25.3％ in left anterior descending branch,and 10.8％ in left circumflex branch.A total of 382 branches were followed up,including 218 branches of small coronary aneurysm group and 82.1％ of them were completely recovered to the normal diameter.The medium aneurysm group was 124 brunches,the proportion of no significant change,retraction,and normal were 23.4％,68.5％ and 8.1％,respectively.There were 40 brunches in the giant anuerysm group,in which the proportion of no significant change,retraction,and normal were 70.0％,27.5％ and 2.5％,respectively.A total of 30 thrombosiswere detected by echocardiography in the acute stage,20 thrombosis were regularly followed up,12 thrombosis gradually subsided,and the other remained persist.Five thrombosis were detected in the sequelae stage,and all located in the giant coronary aneurysm.Seven children were clinically diagnosed with ischemic heart disease,of them,acute myocardial infarction in 1 case,1 died of heart failure.Conclusions Kawasaki disease coronary artery disease are common in small coronary aneurysms,of which the left main artery and right coronary artery lesions are the most common,and the prognosis is better;medium and giant aneurysm need more time to recovery,and are easy to complicated with thrombosis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs),progenitor cells with the ability of self replication and differentiation,are able to change into many kinds of cells or tissues.The study of acupuncture combined with MSCs transplantation has made some progress and shown potential application prospect.This article summarized experimental research literatures of acupuncture combined with MSCs transplantation over the past ten years.Biological mechanisms of acupuncture combined with MSCs transplantation might be related to the increase of MSCs survival rate and the directional differentiation of MSCs induced by acupuncture.The combination of acupuncture and MSCs transplantation might be used as a potential routine technique in clinical practice.The underlying mechanisms still need to be further elucidated.

Heat shock response is a classical stress-induced regulatory system in bacteria, character-ized by extensive transcriptional reprogramming. To compare the impact of heat stress on the tran-scriptome and translatome in Escherichia coli, we conducted ribosome profiling in parallel with RNA-Seq to investigate the alterations in transcription and translation efficiency when E. coli cells were exposed to a mild heat stress (from 30 ?C to 45 ?C). While general changes in ribosome foot-prints correlate with the changes of mRNA transcripts upon heat stress, a number of genes show differential changes at the transcription and translation levels. Translation efficiency of a few genes that are related to environment stimulus response is up-regulated, and in contrast, some genes func-tioning in mRNA translation and amino acid biosynthesis are down-regulated at the translation level in response to heat stress. Moreover, our ribosome occupancy data suggest that in general ribosomes accumulate remarkably in the starting regions of ORFs upon heat stress. This study provides additional insights into bacterial gene expression in response to heat stress, and suggests the presence of stress-induced but yet-to-be characterized cellular regulatory mechanisms of gene expression at translation level.

Cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is ubiquitously expressed in the cytomembrane of a considerable number of eukaryotic cells. Although several studies have investigated the functions of PrP(C) in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and tumorigenesis of mammals, the correlated functions of chicken PrP(C) (chPrP(C)) remain unknown. In this study, stable chPrP(C)-downregulated Marek's disease (MD) virus-transformed avian T cells (MSB1-SiRNA-3) were established by introducing short interfering RNA (SiRNA) targeting chicken prion protein genes. We found that downregulation of chPrP(C) inhibits proliferation, invasion, and migration, and induces G1 cell cycle phase arrest and apoptosis of MSB1-SiRNA-3 cells compared with Marek's disease virus-transformed avian T cells (MSB1) and negative control cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first evidence supporting the positive correlation between the expression level of chPrP(C) and the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of MSB1 cells, but appears to protect MSB1 cells from apoptosis, which suggests it functions in the formation and development of MD tumors. This evidence may contribute to future research into the specific molecular mechanisms of chPrP(C) in the formation and development of MD tumors.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Chickens ; Down-Regulation* ; Eukaryotic Cells ; Mammals ; Marek Disease* ; RNA, Small Interfering ; T-Lymphocytes*

Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture on synaptic transmission signal molecules in rats with vascular dementia (VD), such as PKC, CaMKⅡ and NR2B, and discuss the molecular mechanism of acupuncture treatment for VD.Methods The multi-infarct dementia model was established by injection of emboli into the internal carotid artery. Experimental rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, acupuncture group and non-acupoint group. For acupuncture group, acupuncture needles were penetrated into bilateral Zusanli. Non-acupoint group was given acupuncture treatment at the bilateral hypochondrium (10 mm above iliac crest). The rats in normal group and model group were performed to the same amount of capture stimulation as the acupuncture and non-acupoint groups. After treatment, the hippocampal PKC activity was detected by ELISA. Western blot was used to detect CaMKⅡ expression, and the protein expression of NR2B in CA1, CA3 and DG zones was assayed by immunohistochemical staining.Results Compared with normal group, PKC activity and NR2B expression in the hippocampus significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01). After the acupuncture treatment, PKC activity increased significantly (P<0.05), and the protein expression of NR2B showed a trend to increase. There was no obvious difference in CaMKⅡ expression among all groups.Conclusion Acupuncture at Zusanli can enhance the activity of hippocampal PKC, a synaptic transmission signal molecule, which maybe one of the important molecular targets for the treatment of VD.