Purpose: This study evaluated the postoperative quality of life (QoL) after various types of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in Korea using the Korean Quality of Life in Stomach Cancer Patients Study (KOQUSS)-40, a new QoL assessment tool focusing on postgastrectomy syndrome. Overall, 496 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and QoL was assessed at 5 time points: preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Distal gastrectomy (DG) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) showed significantly better outcomes than total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) with regard to total score, indigestion, and dysphagia. DG, PPG, and TG also showed significantly better outcomes than PG in terms of dumping syndrome and worry about cancer. Postoperative QoL did not differ significantly according to anastomosis type in DG, except for Billroth I anastomosis, which achieved better bowel habit change scores than the others. No domains differed significantly when comparing double tract reconstruction and esophagogastrostomy after PG. The total QoL score correlated significantly with postoperative body weight loss (more than 10%) and extent of resection (P<0.05 for both).Reflux as assessed by KOQUSS-40 did not correlate significantly with reflux observed on gastroscopy 1 year postoperatively (P=0.064). Conclusions Our prospective observation using KOQUSS-40 revealed that DG and PPG lead to better QoL than TG and PG. Further study is needed to compare postoperative QoL according to anastomosis type in DG and PG.

Purpose: This study evaluated the postoperative quality of life (QoL) after various types of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in Korea using the Korean Quality of Life in Stomach Cancer Patients Study (KOQUSS)-40, a new QoL assessment tool focusing on postgastrectomy syndrome. Overall, 496 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and QoL was assessed at 5 time points: preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Distal gastrectomy (DG) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) showed significantly better outcomes than total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) with regard to total score, indigestion, and dysphagia. DG, PPG, and TG also showed significantly better outcomes than PG in terms of dumping syndrome and worry about cancer. Postoperative QoL did not differ significantly according to anastomosis type in DG, except for Billroth I anastomosis, which achieved better bowel habit change scores than the others. No domains differed significantly when comparing double tract reconstruction and esophagogastrostomy after PG. The total QoL score correlated significantly with postoperative body weight loss (more than 10%) and extent of resection (P<0.05 for both).Reflux as assessed by KOQUSS-40 did not correlate significantly with reflux observed on gastroscopy 1 year postoperatively (P=0.064). Conclusions Our prospective observation using KOQUSS-40 revealed that DG and PPG lead to better QoL than TG and PG. Further study is needed to compare postoperative QoL according to anastomosis type in DG and PG.

Purpose: This study evaluated the postoperative quality of life (QoL) after various types of gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in Korea using the Korean Quality of Life in Stomach Cancer Patients Study (KOQUSS)-40, a new QoL assessment tool focusing on postgastrectomy syndrome. Overall, 496 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled, and QoL was assessed at 5 time points: preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Results: Distal gastrectomy (DG) and pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) showed significantly better outcomes than total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) with regard to total score, indigestion, and dysphagia. DG, PPG, and TG also showed significantly better outcomes than PG in terms of dumping syndrome and worry about cancer. Postoperative QoL did not differ significantly according to anastomosis type in DG, except for Billroth I anastomosis, which achieved better bowel habit change scores than the others. No domains differed significantly when comparing double tract reconstruction and esophagogastrostomy after PG. The total QoL score correlated significantly with postoperative body weight loss (more than 10%) and extent of resection (P<0.05 for both).Reflux as assessed by KOQUSS-40 did not correlate significantly with reflux observed on gastroscopy 1 year postoperatively (P=0.064). Conclusions Our prospective observation using KOQUSS-40 revealed that DG and PPG lead to better QoL than TG and PG. Further study is needed to compare postoperative QoL according to anastomosis type in DG and PG.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the incomplete separation of the prosencephalon. The clinical spectrum of HPE depends on the subtypes observed on imaging, which includes lobar, semilobar, and alobar variants. Cyclopia, the most severe form of alobar HPE, is typically associated with early postnatal death within a few days. We report the case of a female infant was born at 38 weeks and 6 days of gestation, weighing 2,410 g, to a 39-year-old mother via vaginal delivery. She was the second baby of dichorionic-diamniotic twins. The neonate was born with multiple defects including facial anomalies such as cyclopia and arrhinia and was diagnosed with alobar HPE with cyclopia. This condition was suspected prenatally at 17 weeks of gestation and confirmed postnatally using brain magnetic resonance imaging. The cause of death in our patient was aspiration pneumonia with aggravated central apnea, and she survived for 8 months (240 days) with comfort care alone, without aggressive life support. This is the first report of an infant with alobar HPE, cyclopia, and arrhinia surviving for 240 days with only comfort care, marking the longest documented survival for this typically lethal condition without invasive interventions.

Lecanemab (product name Leqembi ® ) is an anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatment approved for use in Korea for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The Korean Dementia Association has created recommendations for the appropriate use of lecanemab to assist clinicians. These recommendations include selecting patients for administration, necessary pre-administration tests and preparations,administration methods, monitoring for amyloid related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), and communication with patients and caregivers. Lecanemab is recommended for patients with MCI or mild dementia who confirmed positive amyloid biomarkers, and should not be administered to patients with severe hypersensitivity to lecanemab or those unable to undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation. To predict the risk of ARIA before administration, apolipoprotein E genotyping is conducted, and regular brain MRI evaluations are recommended to monitor for ARIA during treatment. The most common adverse reactions are infusion-related reactions, which require appropriate management upon occurrence. Additional caution is needed when co-administering with anticoagulants or tissue plasminogen activator due to the risk of macrohemorrhage. Clinicians should consider the efficacy and necessary conditions for administration, as well as the safety of lecanemab, to make a comprehensive decision regarding its use.

Objectives: . This study evaluates the enduring efficacy and patient satisfaction of dupilumab with interdose interval adjustments based on the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: . A retrospective analysis was conducted on 44 patients who had been treated with dupilumab for over 6 months. This study targeted individuals diagnosed with CRSwNP according to the 2020 edition of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps Criteria. The treatment involved an add-on dupilumab regimen, where the interdose interval was adjusted based on the SNOT-22 scores. Dosage adjustments were made such that patients with initial SNOT-22 scores greater than 40 were tapered to a target level of 20 or less. Similarly, for patients with initial scores of 40 or less, the treatment aimed for an improvement of 50% or more. At each visit, the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using SNOT-22, nasal polyp scores (NPS), and a subjective satisfaction questionnaire adapted from the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM v.1.4). Results: . The adjustment of the interdose interval for dupilumab based on SNOT-22 scores demonstrated sustained improvements in patients’ subjective symptoms, satisfaction, and NPS. The mean (standard deviation) SNOT-22 scores significantly decreased from 46.04 (22.30) to 14.72 (13.66) over 6 months (P<0.001). Similarly, NPS scores improved from 3.20 (2.24) to 1.72 (1.46) within the same period (P<0.001). Satisfaction scores, ranging from 0 to 5, consistently remained above 3.5 for up to 6 months (P=0.166). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the improvement in the nasal symptom domain of the SNOT-22 scores and higher satisfaction scores. Conclusion . Adjusting dupilumab dosing intervals based on SNOT-22 scores from the outset resulted in sustained efficacy and patient satisfaction in Korean patients with CRSwNP. This approach will meaningfully assist clinicians in determining the optimal dupilumab dosing interval.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the incomplete separation of the prosencephalon. The clinical spectrum of HPE depends on the subtypes observed on imaging, which includes lobar, semilobar, and alobar variants. Cyclopia, the most severe form of alobar HPE, is typically associated with early postnatal death within a few days. We report the case of a female infant was born at 38 weeks and 6 days of gestation, weighing 2,410 g, to a 39-year-old mother via vaginal delivery. She was the second baby of dichorionic-diamniotic twins. The neonate was born with multiple defects including facial anomalies such as cyclopia and arrhinia and was diagnosed with alobar HPE with cyclopia. This condition was suspected prenatally at 17 weeks of gestation and confirmed postnatally using brain magnetic resonance imaging. The cause of death in our patient was aspiration pneumonia with aggravated central apnea, and she survived for 8 months (240 days) with comfort care alone, without aggressive life support. This is the first report of an infant with alobar HPE, cyclopia, and arrhinia surviving for 240 days with only comfort care, marking the longest documented survival for this typically lethal condition without invasive interventions.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the incomplete separation of the prosencephalon. The clinical spectrum of HPE depends on the subtypes observed on imaging, which includes lobar, semilobar, and alobar variants. Cyclopia, the most severe form of alobar HPE, is typically associated with early postnatal death within a few days. We report the case of a female infant was born at 38 weeks and 6 days of gestation, weighing 2,410 g, to a 39-year-old mother via vaginal delivery. She was the second baby of dichorionic-diamniotic twins. The neonate was born with multiple defects including facial anomalies such as cyclopia and arrhinia and was diagnosed with alobar HPE with cyclopia. This condition was suspected prenatally at 17 weeks of gestation and confirmed postnatally using brain magnetic resonance imaging. The cause of death in our patient was aspiration pneumonia with aggravated central apnea, and she survived for 8 months (240 days) with comfort care alone, without aggressive life support. This is the first report of an infant with alobar HPE, cyclopia, and arrhinia surviving for 240 days with only comfort care, marking the longest documented survival for this typically lethal condition without invasive interventions.

Pancreatic cancer is usually detected through contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. However, pancreatic cancer is occasionally overlooked because of its small size or is misdiagnosed as other conditions due to atypical imaging features that present diagnostic challenges. Considering the rapid growth and poor prognosis associated with pancreatic cancer, the ability to accurately detect and differentiate pancreatic lesions is crucial for appropriate surgical intervention. Reviewing diverse challenging cases of pancreatic cancer at an early stage and other mimicking lesions may help us accurately interpret the imaging features of pancreatic cancer on CT and MRI scans. Therefore, we aimed to illustrate various imaging features of pancreatic cancer and its mimicking lesions and provide valuable insights for differential diagnosis.

Background: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) at diagnosis in Korea. Methods: This was a multicenter, registry-based, inception cohort study conducted in Korea between 2021 and 2023. Children and adolescents newly diagnosed with UC < 18 years were included. Baseline clinicodemographics, results from laboratory, endoscopic exams, and Paris classification factors were collected, and associations between factors at diagnosis were investigated. Results: A total 205 patients with UC were included. Male-to-female ratio was 1.59:1, and the median age at diagnosis was 14.7 years (interquartile range 11.9–16.2). Disease extent of E1 comprised 12.2% (25/205), E2 24.9% (51/205), E3 11.2% (23/205), and E4 51.7% (106/205) of the patients. S1 comprised 13.7% (28/205) of the patients. The proportion of patients with a disease severity of S1 was significantly higher in patients with E4 compared to the other groups (E1: 0% vs. E2: 2% vs. E3: 0% vs. E4: 24.5%, P < 0.001). Significant differences between disease extent groups were also observed in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (median 25 vs. 35 vs. 40 vs. 45, respectively, P < 0.001), hemoglobin (median 13.5 vs.13.2 vs. 11.6 vs. 11.4 g/dL, respectively, P < 0.001), platelet count (median 301 vs. 324 vs. 372 vs. 377 × 103 /μL, respectively, P = 0.001), C-reactive protein (median 0.05 vs. 0.10 vs. 0.17 vs. 0.38 mg/dL, respectively, P < 0.001), and Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (median 4 vs. 4 vs. 4 vs. 5, respectively, P = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in factors between groups divided according to sex and diagnosis age. Conclusion This study represents the largest multicenter pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort in Korea. Disease severity was associated with disease extent in pediatric patients with UC at diagnosis.